The station consists of a side platform (1) and an island platform (2/3) serving three tracks, with the station situated above the tracks. The station has a "Midori no Madoguchi" staffed ticket office.
The station opened on 23 December 1952 as Kuzutsuka Station (葛塚駅, Kuzutsuka-eki) , forming the terminus of Hakushin Line from Shibata. It was renamed Toyosaka Station on 1 April 1976. With the privatization of JNR on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR East.
From 22 March 1997, some limited express Inaho services began stopping at Toyosaka. A new station building opened on 25 March 2006.
Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2017, the station was used by an average of 3,681 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).[2]