Torulaspora delbrueckii

Torulaspora delbrueckii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Saccharomycetes
Order: Saccharomycetales
Family: Saccharomycetaceae
Genus: Torulaspora
Species:
T. delbrueckii
Binomial name
Torulaspora delbrueckii
(Lindner) Lindner

Torulaspora delbrueckii is a ubiquitous yeast species with both wild and anthropic habitats. The type strain of T. delbrueckii is CBS 1146T, equivalent to CLIB 230 or ATCC 10662, etc.. The type strain of T. delbrueckii CBS 1146 T was sequenced in 2009,[1] and is composed of 8 chromosomes in addition to a mitochondrial genome.

Torulaspora delbrueckii was formerly known as Saccharomyces delbrueckii or Saccharomyces rosei or Saccharomyces roseus, and the anamorph is called Candida colliculosa (for a complete list of synonyms, see CBS's website).

Torulaspora delbrueckii is the most studied species of the genus Torulaspora that comprises eight species to date, including T. franciscae, T. pretoriensis, T. microellipsoides, T. globosa, T. indica,[2] T. maleeae,[3] and T. quercuum.[4] The taxonomy of the genus Torulaspora is evolving rapidly, and the availability of molecular tools to discriminate Torulaspora species [5] will help correcting errors in species assignments.

Habitats

Torulaspora delbrueckii is isolated from several human bioprocesses, including the bread industry[6][7][8][9] where some T. delbrueckii strains are commercialized for frozen dough applications. Other applications include food fermentations of silage, cocoa,[10][11] olive [12] or cucumber;[13][14] distilled and traditional fermented beverage production including mescal,[15] colonche,[16] tequila,[17] cider,[18] strawberry tree fruits juice,[19] sugarcane juice [20][21] or kefir;[22] dairy products’ fermentations like traditional cheeses [23] and fermented milk.[24] Torulaspora delbrueckii can be an opportunistic spoilage yeast for dairy products or soft drinks (fruit juices, etc.).[25][26][27] Torulaspora delbrueckii colonizes several natural environments, ranging from soils,[28] to plants,[29] fruits [30] and insects.[31][32] T.delbrueckii is occasionally found as a clinical isolate, although not considered to be a human pathogen,[33] a state described as opportunistic pathogen.

Winemaking

Torulaspora delbrueckii has been associated with winemaking for decades [34][35][36] and isolated either from grape, must or wine. Torulaspora delbrueckii is now proposed as starter culture (to be associated with S. cerevisiae in mixed cultures) for certain applications, particularly to reduce volatile acidity in high-sugar fermentations like in Sauternes wines.[37] Recent findings show that T. delbrueckii species has been domesticated for winemaking and other human uses about 1900 and 4000 years ago respectively.[38]

Life-cycle

The life-cycle of T. delbrueckii remains unclear. Some authors consider T. delbrueckii to be a haploid species, while more recent findings suggest T. delbrueckii have a mostly diploid homothallic life.[39] To date, the life-cycle of the species is not formally elucidated.

References

  1. ^ Zhang, Jianzhi; Gordon, Jonathan L.; Byrne, Kevin P.; Wolfe, Kenneth H. (2009). "Additions, Losses, and Rearrangements on the Evolutionary Route from a Reconstructed Ancestor to the Modern Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genome". PLOS Genetics. 5 (5): e1000485. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000485. ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 2675101. PMID 19436716. Open access icon
  2. ^ Saluja P.; Yelchuri R. K.; Sohal S. K.; Bhagat G.; Paramjit, Prasad G. S. (2012). "Torulaspora indica a novel yeast species isolated from coal mine soils". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 101 (4): 733–42. doi:10.1007/s10482-011-9687-6. PMID 22200779. S2CID 5546770.
  3. ^ Limtong S.; Imanishi Y.; Jindamorakot S.; Ninomiya S.; Yongmanitchai W.; Nakase T. (2008). "Torulaspora maleeae sp. nov., a novel ascomycetous yeast species from Japan and Thailand". FEMS Yeast Res. 8 (2): 337–43. doi:10.1111/j.1567-1364.2007.00324.x. PMID 17986255.
  4. ^ Wang Q. M.; Xu J.; Wang H.; Li J.; Bai F. Y. (2009). "Torulaspora quercuum sp. nov. and Candida pseudohumilis sp. nov., novel yeasts from human and forest habitats". FEMS Yeast Res. 9 (8): 1322–6. doi:10.1111/j.1567-1364.2009.00567.x. PMID 19751217.
  5. ^ Albertin W.; Chasseriaud L.; Comte G.; Panfili A.; Delcamp A.; Salin F.; Marullo P.; Bely M. (2014). "Winemaking and bioprocesses strongly shaped the genetic diversity of the ubiquitous yeast Torulaspora delbrueckii". PLOS ONE. 9 (4): e94246. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...994246A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094246. PMC 3981792. PMID 24718638.
  6. ^ Hernandez-Lopez M. J., Prieto J. A., Randez-Gil F.; Prieto; Randez-Gil (2003). "Osmotolerance and leavening ability in sweet and frozen sweet dough. Comparative analysis between Torulaspora delbrueckii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast strains". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 84 (2): 125–134. doi:10.1023/A:1025413520192. PMID 14533716. S2CID 1688404.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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  13. ^ Etchells J. L.; Costilow R. N.; Bell T.A. (1952). "Identification of Yeasts from Commercial Cucumber Fermentations in Northern Brining Areas". Farlowia. 4: 249–264.
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  15. ^ Verdugo Valdez A., Segura Garcia L., Kirchmayr M., Ramírez Rodríguez P., González Esquinca A., Coria R., Gschaedler Mathis A.; Segura Garcia; Kirchmayr; Ramírez Rodríguez; González Esquinca; Coria; Gschaedler Mathis (2011). "Yeast communities associated with artisanal mezcal fermentations from Agave salmiana". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 100 (4): 497–506. doi:10.1007/s10482-011-9605-y. PMID 21681584. S2CID 7261534.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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  19. ^ Santo D.E., Galego L., Gonçalves T., Quintas C.; Galego; Gonçalves; Quintas (2012). "Yeast diversity in the Mediterranean strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) fruits' fermentations". Food Research International. 47: 45–50. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2012.01.009.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ Pataro C., Guerra J. B., Petrillo-Peixoto M. L., Mendonça-Hagler L. C., Linardi V. R., Rosa C. A.; Guerra; Petrillo-Peixoto; Mendonça-Hagler; Linardi; Rosa (2000). "Yeast communities and genetic polymorphism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains associated with artisanal fermentation in Brazil". Journal of Applied Microbiology. 89 (1): 24–31. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.01092.x. PMID 10945775. S2CID 1519750.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  21. ^ Stringini Marzia, Comitini Francesca, Taccari Manuela, Ciani Maurizio; Comitini; Taccari; Ciani (2008). "Yeast diversity in crop-growing environments in Cameroon". International Journal of Food Microbiology. 127 (1–2): 184–189. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.07.017. PMID 18723239.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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  24. ^ Gadaga T. H., Mutukumira A. N., Narvhus J. A.; Mutukumira; Narvhus (2000). "Enumeration and identification of yeasts isolated from Zimbabwean traditional fermented milk". International Dairy Journal. 10 (7): 459–466. doi:10.1016/S0958-6946(00)00070-4.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  25. ^ Andrighetto C., Psomas E., Tzanetakis N., Suzzi G., Lombardi A.; Psomas; Tzanetakis; Suzzi; Lombardi (2000). "Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR for the identification of yeasts isolated from dairy products". Letters in Applied Microbiology. 30 (1): 5–9. doi:10.1046/j.1472-765x.2000.00589.x. PMID 10728551. S2CID 40222147.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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  28. ^ Capriotti Augusto (1957). "Torulaspora nilssoni nov. spec". Archiv für Mikrobiologie. 28 (3): 247–254. doi:10.1007/bf00411496. S2CID 28529226.
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  35. ^ van Breda Valmary, Jolly Neil, van Wyk Jessy; Jolly; Van Wyk (2013). "Characterisation of commercial and natural Torulaspora delbrueckii wine yeast strains". International Journal of Food Microbiology. 163 (2–3): 80–88. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.02.011. PMID 23558190.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  36. ^ Sangorrín MarcelaP, Lopes ChristianA, Jofré Viviana, Querol Amparo, Caballero AdrianaC; Lopes; Jofré; Querol; Caballero (2008). "Spoilage yeasts from Patagonian cellars: characterization and potential biocontrol based on killer interactions". World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 24 (7): 945–953. doi:10.1007/s11274-007-9557-6. S2CID 84979278.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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Park in Oregon, United States Deschutes River State Recreation AreaConfluence of the Deschutes and the Columbia, as viewed from near the hiking trail on December 25, 2003Show map of OregonShow map of the United StatesTypePublic, stateLocationSherman County, OregonNearest cityThe DallesCoordinates45°38′01″N 120°54′35″W / 45.6334862°N 120.909605°W / 45.6334862; -120.909605[1]Area35.1 acres (14.2 ha)Operated byOregon Parks and Recreation...

YouTube Kids

Family-friendly app by YouTube YouTube KidsLogo as of 2019Homepage screenshotType of siteVideo hosting serviceFoundedFebruary 14, 2015; 8 years ago (February 14, 2015)Headquarters901 Cherry AvenueSan Bruno, California, United StatesArea servedWorldwide (excluding blocked countries)OwnerGoogleIndustryInternetVideo hosting serviceParentGoogle(through YouTube LLC)URLwww.youtubekids.comAdvertisingGoogle AdSenseCurrent statusactiveContent licenseProprietary YouTube Kids is a...

 

Гармония

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Гармония (значения). Гармо́ния (др.-греч. ἁρμονία, лат. harmonia — связь, соединение, соответствие, соотношение, от др.-греч. ἁρμόζω — прилаживать, подгонять[1], а также лат. coaptatio, convenientia)[2] в философско-эстетиче...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!