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The Glass Key
The Glass Key
	Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Stuart Heisler
Screenplay by	Jonathan Latimer
Based on	The Glass Key; by Dashiell Hammett
Produced by	Fred Kohlmar; Buddy G. DeSylva (uncredited)
Starring	Brian Donlevy; Veronica Lake; Alan Ladd; William Bendix
Cinematography	Theodor Sparkuhl
Edited by	Archie Marshek
Music by	Victor Young
Production; company	Paramount Pictures
Distributed by	Paramount Pictures
Release dates	October 14, 1942 (NYC); October 23, 1942 (US);
Running time	85 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English
Box office	700,704 admissions (France, 1949)

Brian Donlevy, Alan Ladd and Veronica Lake in *The Glass Key*

The Glass Key is a 1942 American film noir based on the 1931 novel of the same name by Dashiell Hammett. The picture was directed by Stuart Heisler starring Brian Donlevy, Veronica Lake and Alan Ladd (who plays the actual lead despite being billed third). A successful earlier film version starring George Raft in Ladd's role had been released in 1935.^[2] The 1942 version's supporting cast features William Bendix, Bonita Granville, Richard Denning and Joseph Calleia.

Plot

After falling for Janet Henry, the daughter of reform candidate for governor Ralph Henry, shady political boss Paul Madvig is determined to help Henry get elected. Paul's right-hand man, Ed Beaumont, distrusts both Janet and her father, and suspects that they are stringing Paul along only to dump him after the election. Janet becomes engaged to Paul, but is put off by his crudity. She is attracted to the more sophisticated Ed, who fends off her advances out of loyalty to Paul. The deluded Paul boasts that Henry has practically given him the key to his house, but Ed warns him that it is liable to be a glass key, one that can break at any moment.

When Paul tells one of his supporters, the gangster Nick Varna, that he is cleaning up the city and that Varna will no longer receive protection from the police, Ed grows even more concerned. Complicating matters further, Ralph's ne'er-do-well son, Taylor, owes Nick for gambling debts, while Paul's young sister, Opal, is in love with Taylor. Paul has told her to stay away from Taylor, but she defies him. Opal becomes fearful about what Paul might do to Taylor.

Ed later finds Taylor's lifeless body in the street. Paul is the prime suspect, much to Nick's delight. When Nick hears that Ed and Paul have split over Taylor's death, he tries to recruit Ed. Ed turns him down, so Nick has him brutally beaten repeatedly by his sadistic henchman Jeff, to force him into revealing details of Paul's corruption to the editor of the newspaper Nick controls. Ed contrives an escape and is hospitalized. When he recovers, he learns that Nick has found a "witness" to Taylor Henry's killing, Henry Sloss. Paul has Sloss brought to his office, but he is gunned down before he can talk. As a result, Paul is indicted for the murder and jailed.

Ed finds a somewhat drunk Jeff in a bar and tries to pump the thug for information. Just as Jeff starts to talk, Nick shows up and brusquely orders him to shut up. When Ed disarms Nick, a fed-up Jeff strangles his boss. Afterwards, Ed has the waiter call the police to arrest Jeff. Having finally guessed who killed Taylor, Ed persuades District Attorney Farr to arrest Janet. As Ed had hoped, Ralph confesses he struggled with Taylor, causing him to fall and strike his head. Paul overhears Janet tell Ed that she loves him and that she knows he loves her. Paul gives the couple his blessing, but takes back his expensive engagement ring.

Cast

Brian Donlevy as Paul Madvig
Veronica Lake as Janet Henry
Alan Ladd as Ed Beaumont^[2]
Bonita Granville as Opal "Snip" Madvig
Richard Denning as Taylor Henry
Joseph Calleia as Nick Varna
William Bendix as Jeff
Frances Gifford as Nurse
Donald MacBride as District Attorney Farr
Margaret Hayes as Eloise Matthews
Moroni Olsen as Ralph Henry
Eddie Marr as Rusty
Arthur Loft as Clyde Matthews
George Meader as Claude Tuttle

Uncredited

Norma Varden as dinner guest
Bess Flowers as dinner guest
Dane Clark as Henry Sloss
Vernon Dent as bartender serving beers at table
Tom Fadden as waiter
Lillian Randolph as singer at basement club

Cast notes:

This was the second of four films teaming Veronica Lake and Alan Ladd, the others being: This Gun for Hire (1942); The Blue Dahlia (1946); and Saigon (1948). The two also appeared as themselves in the all-star films Star Spangled Rhythm (1942), Duffy's Tavern (1945), and Variety Girl (1947), but did not share any scenes together.
Alan Ladd portrays the lead character, but received third billing because his career as a leading man had begun so recently compared to Donlevy and Lake.

Production

Dashiell Hammett's The Glass Key had been filmed by Paramount in 1935 as a vehicle for George Raft. They still retained the film rights in 1941, when Alan Ladd impressed Paramount executives while shooting This Gun for Hire. Even before the film was released, head of production Buddy de Sylva announced the studio would star Ladd in his own film as a follow-up. Hammett's reputation had become extremely strong again in Hollywood following the success of the 1941 smash hit version of his novel The Maltese Falcon starring Humphrey Bogart and Mary Astor, and Paramount decided on a new version of The Glass Key; De Sylva said the studio wanted a "sure-fire narrative to help him [Ladd] on his way".^[3]

Production was announced in October 1941. Two months later Paramount said that Ladd would make Red Harvest, from another Hammett novel, instead of The Glass Key, with Jonathan Latimer to write the script and Fred Kohlmar to produce. Brian Donlevy was assigned to co-star.^[4]

However, these plans changed again—Red Harvest was postponed (it was never made) and The Glass Key was re-activated, with Donlevy and Ladd to star.^[5] Stuart Heisler was assigned to direct.^[6]

Paulette Goddard was originally cast as the female lead but had to drop out due to another commitment. She was replaced at first with Patricia Morison, but after seeing Lake and Ladd together in This Gun for Hire it was decided to replace Morison with Veronica Lake.^[7] Lake was going to be making I Married a Witch but that project was postponed when Joel McCrea turned down the lead role;^[8] the picture was eventually filmed with Fredric March and Lake.

Bonita Granville, Richard Denning and Joseph Calleia were assigned supporting roles.^[9] Old time movie stars Maurice Costello, Jack Mulhall and Pat O'Malley played minor roles.^[10] Unbilled Dane Clark (as "Sloss"), Laraine Day (as a nurse), Lillian Randolph and Vernon Dent also briefly appear in the film.

Reception

Critical response

On the film’s release, Variety magazine gave the film a favorable review: "Parading a murder mystery amidst background of politics, gambling czars, romance and lusty action, this revised version of Dashiell Hammett's novel—originally made in 1935—is a good picture of its type...Mixed well, the result is an entertaining whodunit with sufficient political and racketeer angles to make it good entertainment for general audiences. Donlevy makes the most of his role of the political leader who fought his way up from the other side of the tracks."^[11]

In a retrospective review, critic Dennis Schwartz wrote, "The film is mostly done for entertainment purposes, as it lightly skips over the corrupt political process as merely background for the unlikely love story developing between the engaging Lake and the deadpan Ladd. The film had many undeveloped film noir themes used by other films. Howard Hawks's The Big Sleep borrowed freely from The Glass Key."^[12]

In his retrospective review for AllMovie, critic Hal Erickson wrote: "Dashiel Hammett's The Glass Key, a tale of big-city political corruption, was first filmed in 1935, with Edward Arnold as a duplicitous political boss and George Raft as his loyal lieutenant. This 1942 remake improves on the original, especially in replacing the stolid Raft with the charismatic Alan Ladd...Far less complex than the Dashiel Hammett original (and far less damning of the American political system), The Glass Key further increased the box-office pull of Paramount's new team of Alan Ladd and Veronica Lake."^[13]

In 2020, Diabolique called it a "superb film noir, achingly gorgeous to look at, and less weighed down by patriotism than This Gun for Hire. Lake is clearly inexperienced but is so beautiful and enigmatic you overlook her flaws, and she once again teams marvelously with Ladd – two blonde shorties, full of mutual smirking/contempt/admiration. The core of the film is a platonic love story between Ladd and Brian Donlevy – but these actors don’t have chemistry; Ladd and Lake do."^[14]

Radio adaptation

The Glass Key was presented on Hollywood Players November 26, 1946. Gene Kelly played Ned Beaumont in the adaptation.^[15]

References

^ French box office of 1949 at Box Office Story
^ ^a ^b "The Glass Key". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved 2014-12-19.
^ Schallert, Edwin (Oct 31, 1941). "Warners Cement Deal for Rogers' Biography: Alan Ladd Build-up Set Stars Named for 'Harvest' 20th Bids for De Fore 'Sunday Punch' Slated Rita Piazza to Do Play". Los Angeles Times. p. A10.
^ "SCREEN NEWS HERE AND IN HOLLYWOOD: ' Red Harvest' and 'Connie Goes Home' Bought by Paramount for 1942 Production RISE AND SHINE' FOR ROXY Jack Oakie in Film Opening on Friday -- Ballet Stars in Two New Pictures". New York Times. Dec 2, 1941. p. 29.
^ "News From Hollywood". New York Times. Jan 3, 1942. p. 15.
^ "SCREEN NEWS HERE AND IN HOLLYWOOD: Henry Fonda and Don Ameche Assigned to Leading Roles in 'Strictly Dynamite' 2 NEW FILMS DUE TODAY 'Ball of Fire' Will Arrive at the Music Hall and 'Corsican Brothers' at Capitol". New York Times. Jan 15, 1942. p. 25.
^ Schallert, Edwin (Feb 26, 1942). "DRAMA: Gallup Reveals 'York' Most Popular for 1941". Los Angeles Times. p. A10.
^ "SCREEN NEWS HERE AND IN HOLLYWOOD: RKO Gives James Craig Role Opposite Maureen O'Hara in 'One Hour of Glory' LEAD FOR VERONICA LAKE 'Roxie Hart' in Its First Week at Roxy Theatre Grossed More Than $70,000". New York Times. Feb 26, 1942. p. 15.
^ "SCREEN NEWS HERE AND IN HOLLYWOOD: Universal Gets Film Rights to Sherlock Holmes Stories -- 'China Sky' for RKO NEW FILM FOR THE PALACE 'Obliging Young Lady' Starts Thursday -- 'Woman of Year' Another Music Hall Hit". New York Times. Feb 10, 1942. p. 25.
^ "Famed Trio Stir Film Memories". Los Angeles Times. Mar 15, 1942. p. C2.
^ Variety. Film review, 1942. Accessed: April 28, 2008.
^ Schwartz, Dennis. Ozus' World Movie Reviews, film review, December 4, 2004. Accessed: April 28, 2008.
^ Erikson, Hal. Allmovie by Rovi, film review, no date. Accessed: August 19, 2013.
^ Vagg, Stephen (11 February 2020). "The Cinema of Veronica Lake". Diabolique Magazine.
^ "Gene Kelly Joins Hollywood Players in "Glass Key"". Harrisburg Telegraph. November 23, 1946. p. 19. Retrieved September 12, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.