Tengku Azlan declined a Deputy Minister post after the 2008 election, having previously served as a Deputy Minister for Transport.[3] He was replaced by Ahmad Nazlan Idris as the Barisan Nasional candidate for Jerantut in the 2013 election. He was a member of the opposition Semangat 46 party early in his political career, running for Parliament unsuccessfully in the 1995 elections.
Tengku Azlan is a paternal half-brother of the late Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang and is the paternal uncle to the current Sultan of Pahang, Al-Sultan Abdullah. He is married to Tunku Puteri Negeri Sembilan, Tunku Puan Sri Dato' Seri Jawahir Binti Almarhum Tuanku Ja’afar and they have two sons and a daughter.[4]
Tengku Azlan was conferred the title 'Tengku Panglima Besar' by his nephew on 30 July 2022, succeeding his grandnephew, Tengku Hassanal Ibrahim after the latter acceded to become the Tengku Mahkota (Crown Prince) of Pahang.