Table of handgun and rifle cartridges

Rifle Cartridge Comparison
Common rifle cartridges, from the largest .50 BMG to the smallest .22 Long Rifle with a $1 United States dollar bill in the background as a reference point.

This is a table of selected pistol/submachine gun and rifle/machine gun cartridges by common name. Data values are the highest found for the cartridge, and might not occur in the same load (e.g. the highest muzzle energy might not be in the same load as the highest muzzle velocity, since the bullet weights can differ between loads).

Legend

  • Factory loadings. Number of manufacturers producing complete cartridges - e.g. Norma, RWS, Hornady, Winchester, Federal, Remington, Sellier & Bellot, Prvi Partizan. May be none for obsolete and wildcat cartridges.
  • H/R: Handgun (H) or rifle (R) - dominant usage of the cartridge (although several dual-purpose cartridges exist)
  • Size: Metric size - may not be official
  • MV: Muzzle velocity, in feet-per-second
  • ME: Muzzle energy, in foot-pounds
  • P: Momentum, in pound (force) (lbf) times seconds.[1] A guide to the recoil from the cartridge, and an indicator of bullet penetration potential. The .30-06 Springfield (at 2.064 lbf-s) is considered the upper limit for tolerable recoil for inexperienced rifle shooters.[2]
  • Chg: Propellant charge, in grains
  • Dia: Bullet diameter, in inches
  • BC: Ballistic coefficient, G1 model
  • L: Case length (mm)

Table

Name Date Nation Factory loadings H/R Official size (mm) MV
(fps)		 ME
(ft-lb)		 P
(lbf-s)		 Chg
(gr)		 Actual diameter
(in.)		 BC L Comments
2 mm Kolibri 1914[3] Austria-Hungary 0[3] H 2.7×9mm 650[3] 3[3] 0.009 0.108[3] 9mm Obsolete. Smallest round ever manufactured.[3]
4.6×30mm 2000 Germany H 4.6×30mm 2410 400 0.332 0.183 30mm Bottlenecked high velocity PDW cartridge designed by Heckler & Koch in conjunction with the Heckler & Koch MP7 personal defense weapon.
5 mm Remington Rimfire Magnum 1970[3] US 0[3] R 5×26mm 2100[3] 327 0.311 0.205[3] 26mm Obsolete.[3] Rimfire.
5.45×18mm 1973 USSR 1 H 5.45×18mm 1000 94 0.222 18mm Developed for PSM pistol.
5.45×39mm 1974 USSR 1[4] R 5.45×39mm 2810[4] 1052[4] 0.749 0.215 39mm Developed for AK-74.
5.56×45mm NATO 1960 US R 5.56×45mm 3130[4] 1196[4] 0.764 28.5 0.224 0.395[5] 45mm Militarized .223 Rem.
5.56×45mm NATO SS109 1979 Belgium 3[4][6][7] R 5.56×45mm 2864[4] 1196[4] 0.764 28.5 0.224 45mm NATO (1980), 2nd gen. Current NATO service including M16 rifle, Steyr AUG, SA80, FAMAS, Heckler & Koch G36. Similar, but not interchangeable with .223 Rem.
5.6mm Gw Pat 90 1987 Switzerland R 5.56×45mm 3168 1243 0.622 28.5 0.224 45mm Swiss military version of the 5.56×45mm NATO / 223 Remington. For SIG SG 550 and variants.
5.7×28mm 1990 Belgium 1[7] R 5.7×28mm 2800 400[8] 0.286 13 0.224 28mm Bottlenecked high velocity PDW cartridge designed by FN Herstal. Designed in response to NATO requests for a replacement for the 9×19mm cartridge. Frequently used in the FN Five-seven Pistol.
5.8×42mm DBP87 1987 China R 5.8×42mm 3100 1395 0.9 0.236 42mm Chinese service rifle QBZ-95
6×57mm Mauser 1895 Germany R 6×57mm 2600 0.236 57mm aka 6.2×57mm RWS. Necked down 6.5×57mm. The 6mm Remington is a carbon copy.
6×62mm Freres 1983 Germany 1 R 6×62mm 3460 2260 0.243 62mm also 6×62mmR, based on 9.3×62mm case.
6mm Lee Navy 1895 US 0 R 6×60mmSR 2560 1629 0.236 60mm Service cartridge of the United States Navy and Marine Corps from 1895
6 mm PPC 1975 US R 6.17×38.5mm 3212[9] 1660[8] 1.034 31.7[9] 0.243[10] 0.376[11] 38.5mm Benchrest cartridge - "the most accurate round ever developed."[9] .22 PPC case necked up to 6mm.
6mm Remington 1963[3] US[8] 5[4][6][7][12][13] R[4] 6.18×56.72mm[8] 3235[4] 2207[4] 1.364 54.5[10] 0.243[10] 0.405[5] 56.72mm Same cartridge as .244 Remington and interchangeable. Rifles marked .244 Remington may not stabilize heaviest 6mm Remington bullets.[3]
6mm BR Norma 1996 [14] Sweden 3[15][16] R 6x39.6mm 2789[15] 0.243 0.517[15] 39.6mm Norma's redesigned of the Remington 6mm BR in order to utilize VLD bullets.
6mm XC 2000 US 4[17][18] R 6×48mm 3018[18] 1937 0.243 0.517[18] 48mm Developed by David Tubb for his Tubb 2000 rifle.
6.5mm Creedmoor 2012[8] US[8] 2[4][6] R[4] 6.72×48.77mm[8] 3050[4] 2493[4] 1.635 47.0[10] 0.264[10] 0.585[5] 48.77mm
6.5×47mm Lapua 2005 Finland & Switzerland 3[19] R 6.5×47mm 2900[19] .264 0.545[20] 50mm Specifically designed and optimized for 300-1000m competition.[19]
6.5 Grendel 2003 US 2[4][13] R 6.5×39mm 2620[4] 1875[4] 1.431 32.0[10] 0.264[10] 0.509[11] 39mm Developed by Alexander Arms as a "low recoil, high accuracy, long-range cartridge for the AR-15 platform."
6.5mm JDJ 1978 US H[3] 6.5mm 2714[3] 1635[3] 1.205 38.5[3] 0.264[3] 0.509[11] .225 Winchester case necked up to 6.5mm and then blown out.
6.5×50mmSR Arisaka 1897 Japan 1[2] R 6.5×50SR 2717[10] 1966 42[10] 0.264[10] 50mm aka 6.5×50mm Japanese. Used in Arisaka Japanese service rifles.
6.5×52mm Mannlicher–Carcano 1891 Italy 3[2][13][21] R 6.50×52mm 2414[10] 1818[8] 1.506 43[10] 0.264[10] 52mm
6.5×53mmR 1892 Austria-Hungary R 6.5×53mmR 2650[3] 2360[3] 1.781 38[3] 0.263[3] 53mm Romanian and Dutch service rifles
6.5×54mm MS 1908 Austria-Hungary 1[13] R 6.5×54mm 2395[13] 1987[13] 1.659 0.264 54mm aka 6.5×54mm Mannlicher–Schönauer "Greek", based on 6.5×53mmR
6.5×54mm Mauser 1900 Germany R 6.5×54mm 2362 1468 0.264 54mm Once chambered for Kurz short-action carbines.
6.5-300 Weatherby Magnum 2016 US R 6.7×72mm 3476 3487 0.264 72mm
6.5×55mm 1895 Union of Sweden
and Norway 		7[2][4][6][7][13][21][22] R 6.5×55mm 2735[4] 2325[4] 1.7 52[10] 0.264[10] 0.509[11] 55mm aka 6.5×55 Swedish Mauser.[2] BC=0.510.[11]
6.5×57mm Mauser 1890 Germany 1[13] R[13] 6.5×57mm 2772[13] 2099[13] 1.514 0.264 57mm also 6.5×57mmR. a.k.a. 6.5×57mm RWS. Loaded by Prvi Partizan, RWS, and Sellier & Bellot
6.5×58mm Vergueiro 1904 Portugal R 6.5×58mm 2775[3] 2372[3] 1.71 46[3] 0.264[3] 58mm Portuguese service rifle 1904-1939
6.5×68mm 1939 Germany 1[22] R 6.5×68mm 3700[3] 2983[8] 1.612 73[3] 0.265[3] 68mm aka 6.5×68mm RWS or Schuler (erroneously)
6.5mm STW[14] 1999 US 0 R 6.5×72.39mm 3300[14] 0.265 72.39mm Wildcat by Layne Simpson.[14]
6.8mm Remington SPC 2003 US 5[4][7][12][13][21] R 6.8×43mm 2570[4] 1613[4] 1.255 31.0[10] 0.277[10] 0.370[11] 43mm Developed by Remington with members of 5th Special Forces Group.
7mm-08 Remington 1980 US 6[2][4][6][7][12][13] R 7.2×51.7mm 2950[4] 2686[4] 1.821 50.4[10] 0.284[10] 0.531[11] 51.7mm .308 Winchester case necked down to 7mm.
7mm BR Remington 1978[3] US R 7.21×55.6mm[3] 2425[23] 1525[3] 1.258 34[3] 0.284[3] 0.531[11] 55.6mm 6mm BR necked up to 7mm.[3]
7mm Remington Magnum 1962 US 8[2][4][6][7][12][13][21][22] R[13] 7.2×64mm 3240[4] 3302[4] 2.038 80.0[10] 0.284[10] 0.652[11] 64mm
7mm Remington Short Action Ultra Magnum 2004[8] US[8] 1[12] R[10] 7.23×51.69mm[8] 3175[12] 3221[12] 2.029 68.0[10] 0.284[10] 0.414[12] 51.69mm
7mm Remington Ultra Magnum 2002[8] US[8] 1[12] R[10] 7.23×72.39mm[8] 3425[12] 3682[12] 2.15 107.0[10] 0.284[10] 0.533[12] 72.39mm
7mm STW 1981[3] US[8] 2[7][12] R[10] 7.23×72.39mm[8] 3325[12] 3436[12] 2.067 91.0[10] 0.284[10] 0.390[12] 72.39mm Belted.[8]
7mm Weatherby Magnum 1944[3] US[8] 2[4][7] R[4] 7.22×64.74mm[8] 3300[4] 3501[4] 2.122 81.8[10] 0.284[10] 0.525[5] 64.74mm Belted.
7mm WSM 2002 US 2[6][7] R 7.2×53.3mm 3647[10] 3562[8] 1.953 73.0[10] 0.284[10] 0.531[11] 53.3mm Winchester Short Magnum
7×57mm Mauser 1892 Germany 8[2][4][6][7][12][13][21][22] R[13] 7×57mm 2740[4] 2351[4] 1.716 52.6[3] 0.284[3] 0.531[11] 57mm aka 7mm Mauser, a.k.a. .275 RIgby
7×64mm 1917[3] Germany[8] 5[2][12][13][21][22] R[3] 7.25×64mm[8] 2950[12] 2705[12] 1.834 57.6[2] 0.284[3] 0.450[2] 64.00mm aka 7×64mm Brenneke.[3]
7×65 R 1917[3] Germany[8] 2[13][21] R[21] 7.25×65mmR [8] 2897[21] 3075[8] 2.123 83.6[21] 0.285[8] 65.00mm aka 7×65mmR Brenneke
7.35×51mm Carcano 1938 Italy R 7.35×51mm 2550[3] 2175 1.706 41[3] 0.298[3] 51mm aka 7.35mm Italian Carcano
7.5×55mm Swiss 1889[3] Switzerland 2[2][13] R 7.5×55mm 2839[10] 2924[8] 2.06 52.0[10] 0.308[10] 55mm a.k.a. GP-11, 7.5×55mm Schmidt–Rubin.
7.5×57mm MAS 1924 France R 7.57×57mm 2800[3] 2397[8] 1.712 54[3] 0.308[3] 57mm 8mm Lebel replacement. Rimless rifle cartridge. Same bullet diameter as .30-06. Short-lived due to confusion with 7.92mm Mauser.
7.5×54mm French 1929 France R 7.57x54mm 2700 2232 58 0.308 54mm Case-shortened 7.5×57mm MAS. Standard French rifle cartridge until the introduction of the FAMAS in 1979.
7.62×25mm Tokarev 1930[3] USSR[8] 2[13][21] H[8] 7.90×25mm[8] 1857[21] 650[21] 0.7 10.6[21] 0.311[8] 25.00mm Based on 7.63×25mm Mauser. Most famous for use in Tokarev TT pistol. Also used in several Soviet submachine guns, including the PPSh-41.
7.62×38mmR 1895 Russia 1[13] H[13] 7.62×38mmR 1100[3] 290[3] 0.527 3[3] 0.295[3] 38mm a.k.a. 7.62mm Nagant.
7.62×39mm 1943 USSR 6[4][6][7][12][13][21] R[13] 7.62×39mm 2360[4] 1521[4] 1.289 31.5[10] 0.312[10] 39mm Intermediate cartridge concept, following 7.92×33mm Kurz and preceding 5.56×45mm NATO. SKS and AK-47 USSR service rifles.
7.62×51mm NATO 1950 US 2[6][7] R 7.62×51mm 3165[4] 2997[4] 1.894 54.0[10] 0.308[10] 0.588[11] 51mm NATO (1953), T65. Current NATO service including M14 rifle, Heckler & Koch G3, FN FAL. Very similar to .308 Win.
7.62×54mmR 1891 Russia 5[2][4][6][13][21] R[13] 7.62×54mm 2894[2] 2713[4] 1.875 52.6[2] 0.308[2] 0.462.[2] 54mm Designed for the Mosin–Nagant Russian service rifle. Oldest cartridge still in official military use, used in SVD Dragunov with Russia and the PSL rifles with many other countries.
7.63×25mm Mauser 1893 Germany 1[13] H[13] 7.62×25mm 1410[3] 375[3] 0.532 6[3] 0.308[3] 25mm aka 30 Mauser.[3] Based on 7.65×25mm Borchardt. Most famous for use in Mauser C96 pistol. Basis for 7.62×25mm Tokarev round.
7.65×21mm Parabellum 1900 Germany 2[6][13] H[13] 7.65×21mm 1085[10] 325[3] 0.599 4.2[10] 0.309[10] 21mm a.k.a. 7.65 Parabellum, 7.65mm Luger, .30 Parabellum and (wrongly) .30 Luger.
7.7×58mm Arisaka 1939 Japan 1[2] R 7.7×58mm 2529[10] 2510[3] 1.985 55.0[10] 0.311[10] 58mm aka 7.7×58mm Japanese Arisaka or 31 Jap[3]
7.92mm DS 1934 Poland R 7.92×107mm 4180 8740 107mm Used for kbk ppanc wz.35 anti-tank rifle.
7.92×33mm Kurz 1938 Germany 1[13] R[13] 7.92×33mm 2247[3] 1305[8] 1.162 23[3] 0.323[3] 33mm First assault rifle round, used in MKb 42.
8mm Lebel 1886 France R 8×50mmR 2640[3] 2212[8] 1.676 49[3] 0.323[3] 50mm a.k.a. 8×50mmR French. Adapted from the 11mm Gras. The first smokeless powder cartridge for military use, started the small-bore smokeless revolution.
8mm Remington Magnum 1978[3] US[8] 1[12] R[10] 8.22×72.39mm[8] 2900[12] 3734[12] 2.575 92.0[10] 0.323[10] 0.332[12] 72.39mm Belted.[8]
8×53mmR Murata 1880 Japan R 8×53mmR 1850[3] 1810[3] 1.957 47.4[24] 0.329[3] 53mm 11×60mm Murata case necked down to 8mm.
8×56mm MS 1908 Austria-Hungary 1[13] R[13] 8×56mm 2297[13] 2440[13] 2.124 0.323 56mm Mannlicher–Schönauer
8×57 I 1888[3] Germany[8] 0 R[8] 8.09×57.00mm[8] 2700 2913[8] 0.318[3] 57.00mm aka 8×57 J, 7.92×57mm Mauser, 8×57mm Mauser, 8mm Mauser. Original smaller-bore specification. Bullet diameter and chamber pressure were increased in 1905, becoming 8×57 IS. Vintage rifles in this older chambering will dangerously accept modern 8×57 IS.
8×57 IS 1905[3] Germany[3] 8[2][4][6][7][12][13][21][22] R 8.22×57.00mm[8] 3208[10] 3171[8] 1.977 57[10] 0.323[10] 0.450[11] 57.00mm a.k.a. 8×57 JS, 7.92×57mm Mauser, 8×57mm Mauser, 8mm Mauser.[2] Dangerously-similar to the original, smaller-bore 1888 rimless 8×57 I a.k.a. 8×57 J. Also similar to the rimmed 8×57 IRS a.k.a. 8×57 JRS.
8×58mmR Danish Krag 1889 Denmark R 8x58mm 2500[4] 2720[4] 2.176 54.5[3] 0.322[3] 58mm aka 8×58mmR Danish Krag.[3] Danish service rifle 1889-1945
8x60mm Mauser 1919 Germany 1[13] R[13] 8×60mm 2625[13] 2850[13] 2.171 0.323 60mm aka 8×60mm RWS. Civilian 8mm Mauser. Comes in J and S bullets, rimmed or rimless case. Still loaded by RWS, Prvi Partizan.
8×63mm patron m/32 1932 Sweden 1 R 8×63mm 2500 3025 0.323 63mm a.k.a. 8x63mm Swedish mg. Used in Swedish machine guns from the 1930s onward.
8×64mm Brenneke 1912 Germany 0 R 8×64mm 2890 3420 0.323 64mm Also 8x65mmR. Comes in J and S bullets. Based on 9.3x62mm and 9.3x74mmR.
8×68mm S 1939 Germany 2[2][22] R 8×68mm 3500[3] 3958[3] 2.262 81[3] 0.323[3] 0.450[11] 68mm aka 8×68Smm Magnum.[3]
9mm Browning Long 1903[3] Belgium[8] 1[13] H[13] 9.09×20.20mm[8] 1100[3] 300[3] 0.545 5.0[3] 0.355[3] 20.20mm Developed for the FN Browning 1903 Model pistol[3]
9mm Mars 1900 UK H 9.14×26.32mm 1400 675 0.964 0.360 26.32mm Bottle necked cartridge for the Webley-Mars Automatic Pistol.
9×18mm Makarov 1951 USSR 10[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] H 9×18mm 1017[34] 212[34] 0.365[35] 18mm a.k.a. 9mm Makarov.
9×19mm Parabellum 1901 Germany 6[4][6][7][12][13][21] H[13] 9×19mm 1155[4] 342[4] 0.592 8.2[10] 0.355[10] 0.212[5] 19mm a.k.a. 9mm Parabellum, 9mm Para, or 9mm Luger.
9×53mmR 1955 USSR R 9×53mm 2100 2266 53mm
9×56mm MS 1900 Austria-Hungary 0 R 9×56mm 2100 2400 0.356 56mm Mannlicher–Schönauer
9×57mm Mauser 1890 Germany R 9.06×56.8mm 2423[3] 2692[8] 2.222 46[3] 0.356[3] 56.8mm Also available in a rimmed version.[3]
9.3×57mm 1900 Sweden 1 R 9.3×57mm 2362 2875 0.365 57mm Scandinavian 8×57mm variant currently offered by Norma
9.3×62mm 1905 Germany 6[2][4][12][13][21][22] R[13] 9.3×62mm 2360[4] 3537[4] 2.997 67[10] 0.366[10] 0.494[11] 62mm Designed by Otto Bock for use in magazine rifles, e.g. Mauser 98, for African game.
9.3×64mm Brenneke 1910 Germany 1[22] R[22] 9.3×64mm 2576[22] 4317[22] 3.352 0.366 0.465[22] 64mm
9.3×74mmR 1900[3] Germany[8] 2[13][21] R[21] 9.30×74.70mmR [8] 2448[21] 3721[8] 3.04 96.5[21] 0.366[8] 74.70mm German big-game cartridge.[3]
9.5×57mm MS 1900 UK or Austria-Hungary 0 R 9.5×57mm 2150 2768 0.375 57mm aka 9.5×56mm Mannlicher–Schönauer, 9.5×56.7mm and .375 Nitro Express Rimless.
10mm Auto 1983[3] Sweden[8] 5[4][6][7][12][13] H[8] 10.17×25.20mm [8] 1551[10] 680[3] 0.877 11.2[10] 0.400[10] 0.164[5] 25.20mm
10.75×68mm Mauser 1920 Germany 0 R 10.75×68mm 2200 3740 0.424 68mm Once popular with European hunters in Africa and India. Approaches .375 H&H power with top loads.
11mm Gras 1874 France R 11×59mmR 1493[3] 1903[3] 2.549 78[3] 0.445[3] 59mm The first French brass cartridge for military use. Black powder.[3] Replaced by 8mm Lebel.[3]
11×60mm Mauser 1871 Germany R 11×60mmR 1430[3] 2013[8] 2.815 77[3] 0.446[3] 60mm The first black powder cartridge adopted in large numbers by the unified German Army, it was used in the 1871 and 1871/84 rifles.
11×60mm Murata 1880 Japan R 11×60mmR 1487[3] 2063[3] 2.775 77 0.432[3] 60mm The first black powder cartridge adopted in large numbers by the Japanese Army, it was used in the Murata rifle, a hybrid of French Gras and German Mausers 1871 and 1871/84 rifles.
12.7×108mm 1930 USSR R 12.7×108mm 2700 11980 (13737) 255 0.511 108mm Used in Heavy Machine Guns, AT-rifles[36] and anti-materiel rifles.
14.5×114mm 1941 [37][38] USSR R 14.5×114mm 3300 24520 14.861 1026 0.586 114mm Used in Heavy Machine Guns, AT-rifles and anti-materiel rifles.
.17 Hornet 1950s [3] US 2[4][21] R[10] 4.37×35.31mmR [3] 3629[10] 705[3] 0.389 13.2[10] 0.172[10] 35.31mm Necked-down .22 Hornet.[3] Watch out for differences between older .17 Ackley Hornet and newer .17 Hornady Hornet. No CIP or SAAMI specs found.
.17 HM2 2004 US 1[4] R[5] 4.4×18.1mm 2100[4] 166[4] 0.158 0.172 0.125[5] 18.1mm Rimfire
.17 HMR 2002 US 4[4][6][7][39] R[5] 4.5×26.9mm 2525[4] 246[4] 0.195 17[40] 0.172[41] 0.125[5] 26.9mm Rimfire.
.17 Remington 1971 US 2[2][12] R 4.4×45.6mm 4123[42] 952[8] 0.462 27[42] 0.172[10] 0.151[12] 45.6mm
.17 Remington Fireball 2007 US 1[12] R 4.4×36.1mm 4037[10] 723[8] 0.358 20.5[10] 0.172[10] 36.1mm High-performance approx 4,000 ft/s (1,200 m/s) in a small case.
.17 WSM 2012 US 3[6][7][43] R 4.4×31mm 3000[6] 400[6] 0.267 0.172[6] 0.230[6] 31mm Rimfire.
.204 Ruger 2004 US 6[2][4][6][7][12][21] R[5] 5.2×47mm 4456[10] 1351[4] 0.614 31.5[10] 0.204[10] 0.275[5] 47mm Varmint round.
.218 Bee 1938 US 1[6] R 5.7×34.2mmR 3545[10] 822[8] 0.464 14.9[10] 0.224[10] 34.2mm Rimmed.
.22 BR Remington 1963[3] US R[3] 5.69×38.15mm[3] 3617[44] 1590[3] 0.879 32.8[3] 0.224[3] 0.415[11] 38.15mm Wildcat.[3]
.22 Hornet 1930 US 6[4][6][7][12][13][21][22] R[5] 5.7×35.6mmR 3070[4] 732[4] 0.477 13.0[10] 0.224[10] 0.415[11] 35.6mm First centerfire cartridge widely adapted for varmint hunting.
.22 Long Rifle 1887[3] US[3] 6[2][6][7][21][22][39] R 5.7×15.6mmR 1750 137 0.233 5[3] 0.223 15.6mm Rimfire. Most common cartridge in the world (by units sold). Black powder propellant charge listed - smokeless likely lower.
.22 PPC 1974 US R 5.7×38.5mm 3684[10] 1427[8] 0.775 32.0[10] 0.224[10] 38.5mm
.22 Short 1857[3] US[3] 3[6][21][22] H[3] 5.6×11mmR 1164 87 0.149 4[3] 0.222 11mm Rimfire. Oldest commercial cartridge being loaded today. Black powder propellant charge listed - smokeless likely lower.
.22 WMR 1959 US 6[4][6][7][21][22][39] R 5.7×26.8mmR 2200[4] 322[4] 0.293 0.224 0.095[5] 26.8mm Rimfire.
.22-250 Remington 1965 US 7[2][4][6][7][12][13][21] R[5] 5.7×48.6mm 4545[11] 1776[4] 0.798 43.0[10] 0.224[10] 0.264[5] 48.6mm Varminter.
.220 Swift 1935 US 5[2][4][6][7][12] R[5] 5.7×56mm 4423[11] 1727[4] 0.897 46.0[10] 0.224[10] 0.264[5] 56.0mm
.221 Remington Fireball 1963[3] US 1[12] H[3] 5.7×35.6mm 3791[10] 780[3] 0.412 22.0[10] 0.224[10] 0.415[11] 35.6mm Handgun round adapted from 222 Remington.[3]
.222 Remington 1950 US 8[2][4][6][7][12][13][21][22] R[5] 5.7×43.2mm 3760[4] 1099[4] 0.585 26.2[10] 0.224[10] 0.242[5] 43.2mm
.223 Remington 1955 US 8[2][4][6][7][12][13][21][22] R[5] 5.56×45mm 4000[4] 1243[4] 0.622 29.5[10] 0.224[10] 0.395[5] 45mm Similar but not interchangeable with 5.56NATO.[citation needed]
.223 WSSM 2003 US 1[6] R 5.7×42.4mm 4568[11] 1918[8] 0.849 50.5[10] 0.224[10] 0.415[11] 42.4mm Winchester Super Short Magnum
.224 Boz 1997 UK H 5.56×23mm 2500 694 0.223 23mm 10mm Auto case necked down to 5.56mm.
.224 Weatherby Magnum 1963[3] US[8] R[10] 5.70×48.84mm[8] 3865[10] 1704[8] 0.882 36.5[10] 0.224[10] 0.415[11] 48.84mm Smallest belted magnum case available commercially.[3]
.225 Winchester 1964 US 1[6] R 5.7×49mmSR 3650[45] 1621 0.888 37.0[45] 0.224 0.415[11] 49.00mm Semi-rimmed.
.240 Apex 1920 UK 0 R 6.2×63mm 2900 1865 0.245 63mm aka .240 H&H Magnum Rimless, .240 Magnum Flanged or .240 Super Express
.240 Weatherby Magnum 1968[3] US[8] R[10] 6.18×63.50mm[8] 3817[10] 2633[8] 1.38 59.0[10] 0.243[10] 63.50mm Belted.[8]
.242 Rimless Nitro Express 1923 UK 0 R 6×60mm 2800 1740 0.249-0.253 60mm aka .242 Manton.
.243 Winchester 1955 US 8[2][4][6][7][12][13][21][22] R[5] 6.2×51.9mm 3925[4] 2140[4] 1.09 51.0[10] 0.243[10] 0.405[5] 51.9mm .308 Winchester case necked down to 6mm.
.243 WSSM 2003 US 1[6] R 6.2×42.4mm 4068[10] 2323[8] 1.142 54.0[10] 0.243[10] 0.525[11] 42.4mm Winchester Super Short Magnum
.244 H&H Magnum 1955 UK 0 R 6.2x71mm 3500 2720 0.245 71mm
.244 Halger Magnum 1920 Germany 0 R 6.5×57mm 3270 2142 .243 from Halger Arms Co. of Hamburg
.25 ACP 1906 US 6[4][6][7][12][13][21] H[3] 6.4×15.6mmR 970[10] 73[3] 0.151 1.8[10] 0.251[10] 0.072[5] 15.6mm Handgun round, popular for small size and weight.[3]
.25 WSSM 2004 US 1[6] R 6.5×42.4mm 3762[10] 2581[8] 1.372 52.0[10] 0.257[10] 0.418[11] 42.4mm Winchester Super Short Magnum
.25-06 Remington 1969[3] US[8] 5[4][6][7][12][13] R[4] 6.54×63.35mm[8] 3350[4] 2513[4] 1.5 62.0[10] 0.257[10] 0.391[5] 63.35mm Necked-down 30-06.[3]
.25-20 Winchester 1895 US 2[6][12] R 6.6×32.8mmR 2101[10] 675[3] 0.643 15[10] 0.257[10] 0.418[11] 32.8mm .32-20 Winchester case necked down.
.250-3000 Savage 1915 US 1[12] R 6.6×48.6mm 3341[10] 2138[8] 1.28 40.5[10] 0.257[10] 0.418[11] 48.6mm
.256 Winchester Magnum 1962 US 0[3] H 6.5×32.5mmR 2386[10] 705[3] 0.591 18.0[10] 0.257[10] 32.5mm .357 Magnum case necked down to .257". a.k.a. 256 Winchester.[10] Obsolete handgun and lever action round.[3]
.257 Roberts 1934[3] US[8] 4[4][6][7][12] R[4] 6.55×56.72mm[8] 2946[4] 2255[4] 1.531 54.0[10] 0.257[10] 0.391[5] 56.72mm
.257 Weatherby Magnum 1944[3] US[8] 1[4] R[4] 6.54×64.74mm[8] 3550[4] 2708[4] 1.526 80.0[10] 0.257[10] 0.390[5] 64.74mm Belted.
.260 Remington 1998[8] US[8] 2[7][12] R[10] 6.72×51.69mm[8] 3313[10] 2043[8] 1.233 51.0[10] 0.264[10] 0.719[11] 51.69mm
.26 Nosler 2013 US 5 R 6.5×65.8mm 3400 3171 0.264[10] 65.8mm
.264 Winchester Magnum 1958[3] US[8] 3[6][12][13] R[10] 6.73×63.50mm[8] 3863[10] 3020[8] 1.564 78.0[10] 0.264[10] 0.561.[11] 63.50mm Belted.[8]
.270 Weatherby Magnum 1943[3] US[8] 1[7] R[10] 7.04×64.74mm[8] 3647[10] 3639[8] 1.996 81.0[10] 0.277[10] 0.625[11] 64.74mm Belted.[8] First of Weatherby's line of necked-down 300 H&H-based magnums.[3]
.270 Winchester 1925 US 8[2][4][6][7][12][13][21][22] R[5] 7.06×64.52mm[8] 3200[4] 2968[4] 1.855 64.0[10] 0.277[10] 0.495[5] 64.52mm Necked-down .30-06 Springfield.[3]
.270 WSM 2002 US 5[2][6][7][12][22] R 7.06×53.34mm[8] 3789[10] 3485[8] 1.84 73.0[10] 0.277[10] 0.625.[11] 53.34mm Winchester Short Magnum
.275 H&H Magnum 1912 UK 0 R 7.3×64mm 2700 2600 0.287 64mm aka .275 Belted Magnum. Also comes in rimmed version called "Flanged". Necked down .375 H&H Magnum
.280 Jeffery 1913 UK 0 R 7.3×64mm 3000 2800 0.288 64mm Necked down .333 Jeffery
.280 Ackley Improved 2007 US R[10] 7.23×64.14mm [46] 3271[10] 3084[11] 1.886 66.0[10] 0.284[10] 64.14mm Former wildcat now registered by Nosler with SAAMI.
.280 British 1946 [24] UK R 7.2×43mm 2549 2019 28.5[24] 0.283[3] 43mm a.k.a. 7mm FN Short. Intermediate round adopted in 1951.
.280 Remington 1957 US 6[2][4][6][7][12][22] R[5] 7.2×64.5mm 3433[10] 2899[8] 1.689 64.0[10] 0.284[10] 0.486[5] 64.5mm .30-06 Springfield case necked down to 7mm.[3]
.280 Ross 1906 Canada 0 R 7.3×66mm 2900 2620 0.287 66mm .280 Nitro, .280 Rimless Nitro Express Ross (CIP) and .280 Rimless. Once manufactured by Remington and Winchester.
.28 Nosler 2014 US 2 R 7×65.8mm 3300 3883 0.284[10] 65.78mm
.30 Carbine 1940 US 6[4][6][7][12][13][21] R 7.62×33mm 2000[4] 977[4] 0.977 16.0[10] 0.308[10] 33mm M1 Carbine US service rifle
.30 Herrett 1973 US H[3] 7.8mm 2270[3] 1470[3] 1.295 27.0[3] 0.308[3] Wildcat handgun cartridge, based on a shortened .30-30 Winchester.[3]
.30 Nosler 2016 US 2 R 7.62×64.9mm 3200 4092 0.308[10] 64.9mm
.30 Remington AR 2008 US 1[39] R[10] 7.849×38.86mm [46] 3076[10] 2208[39] 1.436 40.0[10] 0.308[10] 38.86mm Billed as "The worlds only 30-caliber big-game cartridge for the light weight AR-15 platform."[39]
.30-06 Springfield 1906 US 8[2][4][6][7][12][13][21][22] R[5] 7.62×63mm 3080[4] 3178[4] 2.064 62.5[10] 0.308[10] 0.480[5] 63mm Developed for the U.S. Army's M1903 Springfield rifles prior to WWI. Continued use in the M1 Garand rifle throughout WWII.
.30-30 Winchester 1895 US 6[4][6][7][12][13][21] R[5] 7.8×51.8mmR 2500[4] 2046[4] 1.637 39[10] 0.308[10] 0.330[5] 51.8mm a.k.a. .30 Winchester Centerfire and .30 WCF. First smokeless cartridge designed for big game hunting.
.30-40 Krag 1892 US 2[6][12] R 7.8×58.8mmR 2898[10] 2766[8] 1.909 51[10] 0.308[10] 0.730[11] 58.8mm Rimmed cartridge.
.30-378 Weatherby Magnum 1959 US[8] R[10] 7.83×73.99mm[8] 3690[10] 4956[8] 2.686 123.5[10] 0.308[10] 0.730[11] 73.99mm Belted. Necked-down 378 Weatherby Magnum, developed for 1000-yard performance. Was military-only from 1959 to 1996.
.300 AAC Blackout 2011 US 2[7][13] R[13] 7.62×35mm 2388[10] 1487[13] 2.05 20.0[10] 0.308[10] 35mm Developed for suppressed CQB as a sub sonic round. Supersonic is also available.
.300 H&H Magnum 1925[3] UK[8] 2[4][7] R[10] 7.82×72.39mm[8] 3394[10] 3485[8] 2.054 81.0[10] 0.308[10] 0.730[11] 72.39mm Belted. a.k.a. 300 H&H Super a.k.a. Holland's Super 30.[3]
.300 Remington Short Action Ultra Magnum 2002[8] US[8] 1[12] R[10] 7.85×51.18mm[8] 3663[10] 3761[8] 2.054 69.0[10] 0.308[10] 0.730[11] 51.18mm Beltless, rebated rim. Remington Short Action Ultra Magnum.
.300 Remington Ultra Magnum 1998[8] US[8] 2[7][12] R[10] 7.85×72.39mm[8] 3638[10] 4414[8] 2.427 107.0[10] 0.308[10] 0.730.[11] 72.39mm Beltless, rebated rim. Fastest cartridge for Nosler's 210-grain AccuBond Long-Range G1=0.730 0.308" bullet.[11]
.300 Ruger Compact Magnum 2007 US 1[4] R[5] 7.62×53mm 3310[4] 3716[4] 2.245 67.5[10] 0.308[10] 0.480[5] 53mm Based on .375 Ruger case.
.300 Savage 1920 US 4[4][6][7][12] R[5] 7.8×47.5mm 2740[4] 2500[4] 1.825 45.2[10] 0.308[10] 0.370[5] 47.5mm
.300 Weatherby Magnum 1944[3] US 3[4][7][12] R[4] 7.8×71.8mm 3375[4] 3890[4] 2.305 90.0[10] 0.308[10] 0.447[5] 71.8mm
.300 Whisper 2009[8] US[8] 1[4] R[4] 7.84×34.90mm[8] 1020[4] 480[4] 0.941 12.0[3] 0.308[10] 0.648[5] 34.90mm Designed for quiet, accurate, subsonic applications. Year is for homologation by CIP - earlier proprietary and wildcat versions existed.
.300 Winchester Magnum 1963 US 8[2][4][6][7][12][13][21][22] R[5] 7.8×67mm 3709[10] 3893[4] 2.29 88.0[10] 0.308[10] 0.730[11] 67mm
.300 WSM 2001 US 5[2][6][7][12][22] R 7.8×53.5mm 3697[10] 3872[8] 2.095 74.5[10] 0.308[10] 0.730[11] 53.5mm Winchester Short Magnum
.300 Norma Magnum 2012 US 1[47] R 7.62×63.3mm 3003 4404 0.308 63.3mm Necked-down .338 Norma Mag. Selected by US Special Forces in 2016.
.303 British[48] 1889 UK 7[4][6][7][12][13][21][48] R[5] 7.7×56mmR 2685[4] 2401[4] 1.788 54[10] 0.311[10] 0.361[5] 56mm Former British Service rifle Lee–Enfield.
.307 Winchester 1982 US 1[6] R 7.8×51mmR 3000[10] 2083[8] 1.389 53.0[10] 0.308[10] 51mm Rimmed version of the .308 Winchester, for use in lever-action rifles.
.308 Marlin Express 2006 US 1[4] R[5] 7.62×48mm 2800[4] 2514[4] 1.796 47.7[10] 0.308[10] 0.395[5] 48mm Based upon a slightly shortened .308 Winchester cases with FTX bullets and special powder to approach .308 ballistics from a Marlin lever-action rifle.
.308 Norma Magnum 1960[3] Sweden[8] 1[2] R[10] 7.85×65.00mm[8] 3687[10] 3640[8] 1.975 84.0[10] 0.308[10] 65.00mm Belted. European cartridge designed for the US market.[3]
.308 Winchester 1955 US 8[2][4][6][7][12][13][21][22] R[5] 7.62×51mm 3358[10] 3009[4] 1.792 54.50[10] 0.308[10] 0.530[5] 51mm Civilian 7.62mm NATO.
.318 Westley Richards 1910 UK 0 R 8.4×60.1mm 2400 3194 .330 60.1mm Proprietary cartridge
.32 ACP 1899 Belgium 6[4][6][7][12][13][21] H[3] 7.65×17mm 937[10] 129[3] 0.275 3[10] 0.312[10] 0.090[5] 17mm .32 Automatic Colt Pistol. a.k.a. .7.65mm Browning.
.32 H&R Magnum 1984 US 2[4][7] H 7.9×27.3mmR 1150[4] 235[4] 0.409 12.0[10] 0.314[10] 27.3mm Lengthened .32 S&W Long.
.32 NAA 2002 US 1[4] H 7.95×17.3mm 1000[4] 178[4] 0.356 5.4[10] 0.311[10] 17.3mm North American Arms
.32 rimfire 1861 US H 8×14.6mm 945 159 0.316 a.k.a. .32 Short and .32 Long. Introduced in Smith & Wesson's Model 2 revolver.
.32 S&W 1878 US 2[6][12] H[3] 7.9×15mmR 595[10] 115[3] 0.387 1.4[10] 0.314[10] 15mm
.32 S&W Long 1896 US 5[6][7][12][13][21] H[3] 7.9×23.4mmR 865[10] 132[3] 0.305 3[10] 0.314[10] 23.4mm Lengthened .32 S&W case.
.32 Winchester Self-Loading 1905 US 0[3] R[3] 8.2×31mmR 1440[3] 775[3] 1.076 12.5[3] 0.320[3] 31mm a.k.a. .32 WSL or .32 SL. Obsolete.[3] Only chambered commercially in the Winchester Model 1905 rifle.
.32 Winchester Special 1895[3] US[8] 4[4][6][7][12] R[10] 8.18×51.82mmR [8] 2359[10] 1748[8] 1.482 38.5[10] 0.321[10] 51.82mm Lever action, rimmed. Developed for the Winchester Model 1894.[3]
.32-20 Winchester 1882 US 2[6][12] R 7.94×33.4mmR 1031[10] 1151[8] 2.233 7.5[10] 0.312[10] 33.4mm
.325 WSM 2005 US 1[6] R 8.2×53.3mm 3360[10] 3762[8] 2.239 75.0[10] 0.323[10] 53.3mm Winchester Short Magnum
.327 Federal Magnum 2008 US 1[7] H 7.9×30mmR 1600[10] 370[7] 0.463 14.0[10] 0.312[10] 30mm
.33 Nosler 2016 US 3 R 8.6×62.5mm 3025 4589 0.338[11] 64.9mm
.333 Jeffery 1908 UK 0 R 8.5×62.9mm 2500 3230 0.333 62.9mm Necked down .404 Jeffery
.338 Federal 2007[8] US[8] 1[7] R[10] 8.61×51.18mm[8] 2937[10] 3061[8] 2.084 52.0[10] 0.338[10] 0.41[7] 51.18mm Necked up .308 Win.
.338-06 1998 US R 8.6×63mm 2678 3582 62.5 0.338 63mm Necked up .30-06.
.338 Lapua Magnum 1983 Finland 5[4][6][7][13][21] R[5] 8.6×70mm 2900[4] 4768[4] 3.288 106.0[10] 0.338[10] 0.700[5] 70mm Designed for military sniper rifles.
.338 Norma Magnum 2008 US 1[49] R 8.6×63.3mm 0.338 63.3mm Wildcat designed to derive maximum effect from long, aerodynamic bullets.
.338 Marlin Express 2010[8] US[8] 1[4] R[10] 8.60×48.01mmR [8] 2565[4] 2922[4] 2.278 49.3[10] 0.338[10] 0.430[5] 48.01mm Rimmed lever action cartridge designed for the Marlin Model 336.
.338 Remington Ultra Magnum 2000[8] US[8] 2[7][12] R[10] 8.60×70.1mm[8] 3332[10] 4492[8] 2.696 104.0[10] 0.338[10] 70.1mm Beltless, rebated rim cartridge based on the .300 Remington Ultra Magnum.
.338 Ruger Compact Magnum 2007 US 1[4] R[5] 8.6×51.2mm 2980[4] 3865[4] 2.594 63.0[10] 0.338[10] 0.515[5] 51.2mm Based on .375 Ruger case.
.338 Winchester Magnum 1958[3] US[8] 5[2][4][6][7][12] R[10] 8.61×63.50mmR [8] 3080[4] 4077[4] 2.647 78.0[10] 0.338[10] 0.515[5] 63.50mm Belted.[8]
.348 Winchester 1936 US 1[6] R 8.8×57.3mmR 2630[10] 2685[8] 2.042 70.0[10] 0.348[10] 57.3mm One of the most powerful rimmed cartridges ever used in a lever rifle.
.35 Remington 1906 US 4[4][6][7][12] R[5] 9.1×49mm 2302[10] 1958[8] 1.701 45.0[10] 0.358[10] 0.300[5] 49mm Lever action.
.35 Whelen 1922 US 4[2][4][7][12] R[5] 9.1×63mm 2891[10] 3363[8] 2.327 65.0[10] 0.358[10] 0.282[5] 63mm Necked up .30-06.
.35 Winchester Self-Loading 1905 US 0[3] R[3] 8.9×29.3mmR 1452[3] 848[8] 1.168 13.5[3] 0.351[3] 29.3mm a.k.a. .35 WSL or .35 SL. Obsolete.[3] Only chambered commercially in the Winchester Model 1905 rifle.
.350 Legend 2019 US R[3] 9×43mm 2300 1800 36.5 0.355 43mm Straight-walled hunting cartridge
.350 Remington Magnum 1965[3] US[8] 1[12] R[10] 9.12×55.12mm[8] 2775[12] 3419[12] 2.464 64.5[10] 0.358[10] 0.293[12] 55.12mm Belted.[8]
.351 Winchester Self-Loading 1906 US R[3] 8.9×34.9mmR 1850[3] 981[8] 1.061 19.5[3] 0.351[3] 34.9mm a.k.a. .351 WSL or .351 SL. Only chambered commercially in the Winchester Model 1907 rifle.
.357 Magnum 1935 US 6[4][6][7][12][13][21] H[13] 9.1×33mmR 1500[4] 624[4] 0.832 23.0[10] 0.357[10] 0.206[5] 33mm Lengthened .38 Special.
.357 SIG 1994 Germany/US 6[4][6][7][12][13][21] H[13] 9.02×21.97mm 1350[4] 502[4] 0.744 10.8[10] 0.355[10] 0.212[5] 21.97mm
.358 Winchester 1955[3] US[8] 2[4][6] R[10] 9.11×51.18mm[8] 2475[4] 2720[4] 2.198 52.0[10] 0.358[10] 0.282[5] 51.18mm
.360 Buckhammer 2023[50] US[51] 4[51] R[50] 9.12×62.50mm[50] 2399[52] 2300[53] 1.917 0.359[50] 45.72mm[50] Introduced by Remington at the 2023 SHOT Show. Straight-walled cartridge based on a blown-out .30-30 Winchester case and designed for deer hunting in U.S. states that require hunters with modern rifles to use that cartridge shape.[51]
.376 Steyr 1999[3] Austria & US 2[54] R 9.5×60mm 2754 4211 0.375 60mm Hornady and Steyr announced this cartridges at the 2000 Shot Show, based on a concept by Jeff Cooper.[3]
.375 Holland & Holland Magnum 1912 UK 7[2][4][6][7][12][13][22] R[5] 9.5×72.4mm 2800[4] 4700[4] 3.357 87[10] 0.375[10] 0.430[5] 72.4mm The rimmed .375 H&H Flanged Magnum for double-guns and the .375 H&H Belted Rimless Magnum with a headspacing belt for magazine-fed rifles were released simultaneously in 1912.
.375 Ruger 2007 US 1[4] R[5] 9.5×65.5mm 2840[4] 4835[4] 3.405 90.5[10] 0.375[10] 0.430[5] 65.5mm Developed in collaboration between Ruger and Hornady.[citation needed]
.375 Remington Ultra Magnum 2002 US 1[12] R 9.5×72.4mm 3293[10] 5421[8] 3.292 105.0[10] 0.375[10] 72.4mm A beltless, rebated rim cartridge developed by Remington Arms by necking up the .300 Remington Ultra Magnum case.
.375 Weatherby Magnum 1945[3] US R[3] 9.5×72.6mm 3110[10] 5223[3] 3.359 99.0[10] 0.375[10] 72.6mm Belted magnum based on the .375 H&H, blown out and reshouldered.[3]
.38 Long Colt 1877 US 0[3] H[3] 9.2×26.2mmR 777[10] 195[3] 0.502 3.7[10] 0.358[10] 26.2mm a.k.a. .38 LC. Obsolete.[3]
.38 S&W 1877 US 3[6][12][13] H[3] 9.2×19.7mmR 675[10] 176[3] 0.521 2.6[10] 0.358[10] 19.7mm 4th or 5th oldest commercial cartridge being loaded today.
.38 Special 1902 US 6[4][6][7][12][13][21] H[13] 9.1×29.3mmR 1090[4] 290[4] 0.532 6.8[10] 0.357[10] 0.206[5] 29.3mm
.38 Super 1929 US 4[6][7][12][13] H[3] 9.04×22.86mmR 1300[3] 500[3] 0.769 5.4[3] 0.356[3] 22.86mm a.k.a. .38 Super and .38 Colt Auto.
.38-40 Winchester 1874[3] US[8] 1[6] R[6] 10.17×33.15mmR [8] 1160[6] 538[6] 0.928 19.5[3] 0.401[10] 0.172[6] 33.15mm aka 38-40 WCF. Crossover rifle/handgun cartridge.[3]
.38-55 Winchester 1884 US 1[6] R 9.59×53.0mmR 1853[3] 1165[8] 1.257 35.0[3] 0.379[3] 53.00mm
.380 ACP 1912 US 6[4][6][7][12][13][21] H[13] 9×17mm 1000[4] 200[4] 0.4 4.3[10] 0.355[10] 17mm a.k.a. .380 Auto, 9mm Browning Short
.40 S&W 1990 US 6[4][6][7][12][13][21] H 10.2×21.6mm 1180[4] 479[4] 0.812 11.5[10] 0.400[10] 0.164[5] 21.6mm
.400 Corbon 1997 US H 10.2×23mm 1400 588 0.401 23mm .45 ACP case necked down to .40 caliber.
.400 H&H Magnum 2003 UK R 10.4×72.3mm 2375 5015[8] 0.411 72.3mm Belted magnum.[8]
.401 Winchester Self-Loading 1910 US 0[3] R[3] 10.31×38mmR 2135[3] 1958[8] 1.834 29.0[3] 0.406[3] 38mm Rimmed.[8] a.k.a. .401 WSL or .401 SL. Obsolete.[3] Only chambered commercially in the Winchester Model 1910 and the Belgian Clement-Neumann rifle.
.404 Jeffery 1909[3] UK[8] 3[2][4][22] R[3] 10.72×73.02mm [8] 2600[3] 4700[3] 3.615 96.4[2] 0.423[3] 0.358[2] 73.02mm aka 404 Rimless Nitro Express.[8]
.405 Winchester 1904[3] US[8] 0[3] R[3] 10.45×65.61mmR [8] 2404[10] 3311[8] 2.936 61.0[10] 0.411[10] 65.61mm Most powerful rimmed cartridge designed specifically for lever-action rifles. Obsolete.[3]
.408 Cheyenne Tactical 2001 US R 10.4×77mm 3500 7744[8] 0.408 0.874 77mm Used in Cheyenne Tactical's M200 Intervention, and M310 rifles.
.41 Action Express 1986 US H[3] 10.4×22mm 1114[10] 457[3] 0.82 8.4[10] 0.410[10] 22.0mm
.41 Long Colt 1877[3] US 0[3] H[3] 10.35×28.9mmR 730[3] 235[3] 0.644 3.4[3] 0.410[3] 28.9mm Obsolete
.41 Remington Magnum 1964 US 3[6][7][12] H[3] 10.4×32.8mmR 1887[10] 788[3] 0.835 26.5[10] 0.410[10] 32.8mm
.416 Barrett 2006 US R 10.6×83mm 3150 8764 5.564 200 0.416 0.72 83mm Designed as an alternative to the .50 BMG for sniper rifles.
.416 Remington Magnum 1988 US 5[2][4][6][7][12] R[5] 10.6×72.4mm 2400[4] 5116[4] 4.263 90.0[10] 0.416[10] 0.367[12] 72.4mm
.416 Rigby 1911 UK 4[2][4][6][7] R[5] 10.6×74mm 2415[4] 5180[4] 4.29 116.0[10] 0.416[10] 0.319[5] 74mm Later used parent cartridge of the .338 Lapua Magnum.
.42 Berdan 1868 Russia R 10.75×58mmR[3] 1450[3] 1724[3] 2.378 77[3] 0.430[3] 58mm Black powder Russian service rifle.[3] a.k.a. 4.2 Line Berdan. Designed by American inventor/soldier Hiram Berdan, adopted by Russia in trapdoor 1868 and turnbolt 1870 Berdan Rifles.
.44 AMP 1971 US H 10.9×33mm 1485[10] 1600[3] 2.155 27.0[10] 0.429[10] a.k.a. .44 Auto Mag Pistol.
.44 Henry 1860[3] US 0[3] R 11×23mmR 1125 568 1.01 28[3] 0.423[24] 23mm a.k.a. .44 Rimfire, .44 Long Rimfire, or 11×23mmR. Obsolete black powder cartridge.[3]
.44 Magnum 1955 US 6[4][6][7][12][13][21] H[5] 10.9×32.6mmR 1550[4] 999[4] 1.289 31.5[10] 0.430[10] 0.245[5] 32.6mm a.k.a. .44 Remington Magnum. Lengthened .44 Special. Crossover rifle/handgun cartridge.[7][12]
.44 Russian 1870[3] US H[3] 11×25mmR 770[3] 324[3] 0.842 0.429[3] 25mm Also known as .44 S&W Russian. Black powder/smokeless handgun cartridge developed from .44 S&W American; developed into .44 Special.[3]
.44 S&W American 1869[3] US 0[3] H[3] 11×23mmR 765[3] 259[3] 0.677 5.5[3] 0.434[3] 23mm Obsolete black powder/smokeless handgun cartridge.[3]
.44 Special 1907[3] US 4[4][6][7][12] H[3] 10.9×29mmR 1000[4] 400[4] 0.8 15.0[10] 0.430[10] 0.138[5] 29mm
.44-40 Winchester 1873[3] US 2[6][12] H[3] 10.8×33.3mmR 1117[10] 656[8] 1.175 7.3[10] 0.428[10] 0.123[5] 33.3mm First developed for lever-action, later used in revolver.[3]
.444 Marlin 1964 US 2[4][12] R[5] 10.9×57.2mmR 2400[4] 3389[4] 2.824 56.0[10] 0.429[10] 0.225[5] 57.2mm Lengthened .44 Magnum case, but a lever-action rifle cartridge.
.45 ACP 1905 US 6[4][6][7][12][13][21] H[5] 11.43×23mm 850[4] 369[4] 0.868 10[10] 0.451[10] 0.188[5] 23mm Automatic Colt Pistol, first self-loading U.S. Army pistol round.
.45 Colt 1873 US 4[4][6][7][12] H[5] 11.58×32mm 960[4] 460[4] 0.958 13[10] 0.452[10] 0.140[5] 32mm a.k.a. .45 Long Colt or .45 LC. Used in both handgun and rifle.
.45 GAP 2003 Austria 3[6][7][12] H 11.5×19.2mm 1152[10] 543 9.0[10] 0.451[10] 19.2mm Glock Automatic Pistol.
.45 Winchester Magnum 1979[3] US 1[6] H[3] 11.5×30.4mm 1472[10] 1406[3] 1.91 18.0[10] 0.451[10] 30.4mm a.k.a. .45 Winchester Magnum. Lengthened and strengthened .45 ACP.
.45 Raptor 2014 US 2 R 11.5×58mm 3000 3197 48.5 0.452 0.151 58mm Hybrid of the .460 S&W Magnum and the .308 Winchester. Designed to provide a .45 caliber capability to the AR-10 platform.
.45-70 1873 US 5[4][6][7][12][13] R[5] 11.6×53.5mmR 2394[10] 2518[8] 2.104 63[10] 0.458[10] 0.230[5] 53.5mm a.k.a. .45-70 Government. One of the oldest centerfire cartridges still in commercial production.
.450 Adams 1868[3] UK 0[3] H[3] 11.6×18mmR 700[3] 245[3] 0.7 13[3] 0.455[3] 18mm a.k.a. .450 Boxer and .450 Revolver. Obsolete black powder handgun cartridge.[3]
.450 Bushmaster 2007 US R 11.5×43.2mm 2180 2744 2.517 0.452 43.2mm Developed by hornady as a straight walled rifle round similar to .460 S&W Magnum
.450 Marlin 2000 US 1[4] R[5] 11.6×53mmR 2225[4] 3572[4] 3.211 59.0[10] 0.458[10] 0.230[5] 53mm Lever action round. Shortened .458 Winchester Magnum case, designed to match .45-70 performance.
.450 Nitro Express 1895 UK 1[4] R[5] 12.1×83mmR 2150[4] 4927[4] 4.583 157 0.458[3] 0.325[5] 83mm J. Rigby smokeless cartridge based upon .450 Black Powder Express.
.454 Casull 1959 US 4[4][6][7][12] H[5] 11.5×35.1mmR 1900[4] 1924[4] 2.025 38.2[10] 0.452[10] 0.180[5] 35.1mm Lengthened .45 Colt, most powerful handgun round until the 1990s.
.455 Webley 1897[3] UK H[3] 11.5×19.6mmR 700[3] 285[3] 0.814 5.0[3] 0.455[3] 19.6mm Originally a black powder handgun cartridge.[3]
.458 Lott 1971[3] US[8] 3[2][4][7] R[11] 11.66×71.12mm [8] 2300[4] 5873[4] 5.107 79.0[11] 0.458[11] 0.389[11] 71.12mm Belted.[8]
.458 U.S. Silent Sniper 1969 US 4[2][4][6][7] R[5] 11.66×33mm 2140[4] 5084[4] 4.751 81.0[10] 0.458[10] 0.295[5] 55mm Developed for the Silent Sniper System
.458 Winchester Magnum 1956 US 4[2][4][6][7] R[5] 11.66×64mm 2140[4] 5084[4] 4.751 81.0[10] 0.458[10] 0.295[5] 64mm
.46 rimfire 1870[3] US H 11.6×21.2mmR 20[3] 0.456 21.2mm a.k.a. .46 Short, .46 Remington Carbine. First large-caliber metallic handgun cartridge. Black powder.[3]
.460 S&W Magnum 2005 US 3[4][6][7] H[5] 11.5×46mmR 2200[4] 2149[4] 1.954 48.5[10] 0.452[10] 0.151[5] 46mm Revolver cartridge for handgun hunting.
.460 Weatherby 1958 US R 11.6×74mm 2808[10] 7504 5.345 128.0[10] 0.458[10] 74mm aka 460 Weatherby Magnum
.465 H&H Magnum 2003 UK R 11.9×73.5mm 2375 6121[8] 134 0.468 73.5mm Belted magnum.[8]
.470 Nitro Express 1907 UK 3[2][4][7] R[5] 12.1×83mmR 1885[4] 5132[4] 5.445 125[10] 0.475[10] 0.290[5] 83mm Designed by Joseph Lang.
.475 Linebaugh 1988 US H 12.1×36mmR 1400 1741 2.487 0.475 36mm
.476 Enfield 1881[3] UK H[3] 11.6m×22mR 5.5[3] 0.472[3] 22mm a.k.a. .476 Eley. Black powder/smokeless handgun cartridge.[3]
.480 Ruger 2001 US 2[4][7] H[5] 12.1×32.6mmR 1539[10] 1315 1.709 26.5[10] 0.475[10] 0.150[5] 32.6mm Shortened .475 Linebaugh case.
.50 Action Express 1988 US 2[4][7] H[5] 12.7×32.6mm 1475[4] 1449[4] 1.965 32.5[10] 0.500[10] 0.120[5] 32.6mm For IMI Desert Eagle handgun.
.50 Alaskan 1950s US R 13×53mmR 1694 3346 3.95 0.510 53mm
.50 Beowulf 2001 US R 12.7×42mm 1800 2878 3.198 0.500 42mm
.50 BMG 1921 US 2[4][13] R[5] 12.7×99mm 2815[4] 13196[4] 9.375 265[10] 0.510[10] 1.050[5] 99mm Used in Heavy Machine Guns and anti-materiel rifles.
.50 GI 2004 US H 12.7x22.8mm 1200 591 0.985 0.500 22.8mm Designed to have significantly less recoil than other 50 caliber handguns
.50 Remington Navy 1867[3] US 0[3] H[3] 13×21.8mm 750[3] 330[3] 0.88 7.0[3] 0.508[3] 21.8mm a.k.a. 50 Remington Pistol Navy Model 1867 and 50 Remington (M71 Army). Rimmed case 0.875" in length. Obsolete black powder/smokeless handgun cartridge.[3]
.50-90 Sharps 1872[3] US R[3] 13×64mmR 1652[3] 2210[3] 2.676 37.0[3] 0.509[3] 64mm The mainstay of the American bison (buffalo) hunter. Black powder/smokeless.[3]
.500 Auto Max 2003 US 3[4][6][7] H[5] 12.7×57.2mm 1950[4] 2533[4] 2.598 45.3[10] 0.500[10] 0.185[5] 57.2mm Rimmless variant of .500
.500 Linebaugh 1986 US H 13×35.7mmR 1300 1632 2.511 0.510 35.7mm
.500 S&W Magnum 2003 US 3[4][6][7] H[5] 12.7×57.2mmR 1950[4] 2533[4] 2.598 45.3[10] 0.500[10] 0.185[5] 57.2mm One of the most powerful handgun-specific cartridges.
.505 Gibbs 1910 UK R 12.8×80mm 2300 6180 5.374 0.505[3] 80mm
.577 Snider 1867[3] UK R 14.5×51mmR 1380[3] 1689[8] 2.448 30[3] 0.570[3] 51mm The first black powder cartridge for British military use. Later loaded smokeless.[3]
.577/450 Martini–Henry 1871 UK R 11.43×61mmR 1600[3] 1870[8] 2.338 38[3] 0.455[3] 61mm Rimmed.[8] The second black powder (later smokeless) cartridge for British military use. Evolved from the .577 Snider case, lengthened and necked down to .45 (nominal) caliber. Used in the Martini rifles from 1871 to the present.
.600 Nitro Express 1899[3] UK R[3] 15.7×76mmR 2050[3] 7614[8] 7.428 120[3] 0.622[3] 76mm Rimmed.[8] Jeffrey, 900-grain (58 g) bullet.[3]
.700 Nitro Express 1988 UK R[3] 17.8×89mmR 2000[3] 10566[8] 10.566 0.700[3] 89mm Big game cartridge.
.950 JDJ 2014 US 1 R 24.1x70mm 2200 38685 35.168 3600 0.950 70mm Largest centerfire rifle cartridge as of 2018

See also

References

  1. ^ NIST Special Publication 1038: The International System of Units (SI) – Conversion Factors for General Use (PDF), US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Weights and Measures Division, STOP2600, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899-2600, May 2006, retrieved 2015-02-17
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