José Reyes, a switch hitter, batting left-handed in 2012
Reyes batting right-handed in 2015
In baseball, a switch hitter is a player who bats both right-handed and left-handed, usually right-handed against left-handed pitchers and left-handed against right-handed pitchers, although there are some exceptions.[citation needed]
Characteristics
Right-handed batters generally hit better against left-handed pitchers and vice versa. Most curveballs break away from batters hitting from the same side as the opposing pitcher, making them harder to hit with the barrel (or "sweet spot") of the bat. Additionally, the pitcher's release is further from the batter's center of vision. In the words of Pat Venditte, one of the few ambidextrous pitchers in major-league history, "If I'm pitching right-handed and they're hitting right-handed, it's tougher for them to see. And then, your breaking pitches are going away from their barrel rather than into their barrel."[1] Even so, many switch-hitters perform better from one side of the plate than the other.
Numerous switch-hitters have achieved a higher batting average on one side of the plate, but hit with more power from the other. For instance, New York Yankees great Mickey Mantle always considered himself a better right-handed hitter, but hit home runs at a higher rate from the left side of the plate.[2] However, many of Mantle's left-handed home runs were struck at Yankee Stadium, a park notorious for being very friendly to left-handed power hitters due to its short right field porch, and Mantle batted left-handed much more often than right-handed, simply because there have always been more right-handed than left-handed pitchers. Mantle's longest home run, a 565-foot clout in 1953 at Washington's Griffith Stadium, came batting right-handed.
The first switch-hitter in baseball history was Bob Ferguson. His switch-hitting was different that of today's baseball game, as he switched sides simply based on his feeling at a particular moment or certain situational reasons (such as an elite fielder on one side of the diamond). Ferguson took a notable at-bat in 1870, where he walked off the game while batting from the left side, when he had typically batted right-handed.[4]
Switch hitters were not productive in the dead-ball era or the early live-ball era. Since the advent of the live-ball era, switch hitters have served to produce a high on-base percentage.[5]
Joaquín Andújar sometimes hit right-handed against lefties, sometimes left-handed. Tomo Ohka batted left-handed against right-handed pitchers in three games in 2006, but otherwise batted exclusively right-handed. Left-handed reliever Steve Kline was primarily a switch hitter, but batted right-handed against right-handed pitchers several times throughout his career.[7] Management also had a say in the switch-hitting careers of Bob Gibson and Dwight Gooden. Both Gibson and Gooden (each right-handed and capable batters) had reached the major leagues as a switch hitter, but their teams required them to bat only right-handed to reduce the possibility of their pitching arms being hit by a pitch.
Switch-hitting pitchers should not be confused with the term "switch pitcher" referring to a player who can pitch both right-handed and left-handed, which is very uncommon.
Chipper Jones – Also a first-ballot Hall of Famer, and the most recent of only two switch-hitters with extended MLB careers (5,000 at-bats or more) to have a career batting average of .300 from each side of home plate.
Eddie Murray – Hall of Famer and the only other switch-hitter (apart from Mantle) with 500 career homers. Also, is one of two switch hitters (Pete Rose being the other) with 3,000 or more hits.
Frankie Frisch – Another Hall of Famer, and the only other switch-hitter with an extended career to hit .300 from each side of home plate.
Pete Rose – The all-time career hits leader in MLB. Currently barred from Hall of Fame consideration due to his betting on baseball.
Bill Mueller – Only player in MLB history to hit a grand slam from each side of the plate in the same game.
Jimmy Rollins – Phillies all-time career leader in hits and doubles, 2007 National League MVP and Silver Slugger, 3 time All-Star and 4 time Gold Glover.
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