Sura (river)

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Sura
The Sura in Penza
Map of the Sura River watershed
Location
Country	Russia
Physical characteristics

Source
• elevation	301 m (988 ft)

Mouth
• location	Cheboksary Reservoir
• coordinates	56°07′21″N 45°58′16″E / 56.12250°N 45.97111°E / 56.12250; 45.97111
• elevation	60 m (200 ft)
Length	841 km (523 mi)
Basin size	67,500 km² (26,100 sq mi)

Discharge
• average	260 m³/s (9,200 cu ft/s)

Basin features
Progression	Cheboksary Reservoir→ Volga→ Caspian Sea
Tributaries
• left	Kadada, Uza, Alatyr, Pyana
• right	Inza, Barysh, Bezdna

The Sura (Russian: Сура́, Chuvash: Сăр, Săr) is a river in Russia, a north-flowing right tributary of the Volga. Its mouth on the Volga is about halfway between Nizhny Novgorod and Kazan. It flows through Penza Oblast, Mordovia, Ulyanovsk Oblast, Chuvashia and Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. It is 841 kilometres (523 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 67,500 square kilometres (26,100 sq mi).^[1] It is navigable for 394 km from the mouth.^[2]

The city of Penza, and smaller towns Alatyr, Shumerlya, Yadrin lie along the Sura. At the confluence with the Volga lies the settlement of Vasilsursk.

The principal tributaries of the Sura are the Penza, the Pyana, and the Alatyr.

Names

Sura is an epithet of the gods in Sanskrit, as well as a divine drink. In addition, Sura is the Hindu goddess of wine. The exact translation from Sanskrit is "God". "Su" - "having power", "Ra" - "The Supreme Lord". "Suras" - "having power from the Supreme Lord" Sura - so named two rivers, in the area of Simbirsk and in the basin of the Northern Dvina and two cities in the Arkhangelsk and Penza regions have such names.^[3]

References

^ «Река СУРА», Russian State Water Registry
^ "Перевод sura с санскрита на русский".
^ Завалинка, Спроси Алену. "Санскритские (ведические) названия России и ближнего зарубежья". tunnel.ru.

External links

v t e Volga River
Tributaries	Selizharovka Tudovka Vazuza Tvertsa Shosha Dubna Medveditsa Nerl Kashinka Sit Mologa Suda Sheksna Sogozha Korozhechna Kotorosl Kostroma Nyomda Unzha Uzola Oka Kudma Kerzhenets Sura Vetluga Rutka Tsivil Great Kokshaga Little Kokshaga Anish Ilet Sviyaga Sumka Kazanka Kama Aktay Bezdna Bolshoy Cheremshan Sok Samara Chapayevka Little Irgiz Irgiz Tereshka Yeruslan Akhtuba (distributary)
Reservoirs	Lake Volgo Ivankovo Uglich Rybinsk Gorky Cheboksary Kuybyshev Saratov Volgograd
Hydroelectric stations	Ivankovo Uglich Rybinsk Nizhny Novgorod Cheboksary Zhiguli Saratov Volga
Canals	Moscow Canal Volga–Baltic Waterway Volga–Don Canal
Cities	Astrakhan Volgograd Saratov Samara Kazan Ulyanovsk Nizhny Novgorod Yaroslavl Tver

v t e Rivers of Russia by drainage basin
Barents Sea and White Sea (Arctic Ocean)	Iokanga Kem Malaya Belaya Mezen Nautsiyoki Niva Northern Dvina Pinega Sukhona Uftyuga Vaga Vychegda Yomtsa Yug Onega Pechora Usa Ponoy Varzuga Voronya
Baltic Sea	Luga Oredezh Narva Plyussa Neman Šešupė Neva Izhora Mga Okhta Tosna Pregolya Angrapa Instruch Lava Sestra Western Dvina Polota Kasplya Mezha
Lake Peipus	Velikaya Kukhva
Lake Ladoga	Svir Pasha Oyat Syas Volkhov Tigoda Vishera Vuoksi Volchya
Lake Ilmen	Lovat Polist Kunya Msta Berezayka Peretna Uver Pola Shelon
Lake Onega	Andoma Suna Vodla Vytegra
Black Sea	Dnieper Desna Vyazma Don Temernik Manych Sal Donets Khopyor Osered Bityug Voronezh Kuban Bolshaya Laba Mius Mzymta Yeya
Caspian Sea	Kuma Podkumok Sulak Andi Koysu Terek Malka Sunzha Ural Ilek Sakmara Volga Aktay Anish Bolshaya Kokshaga Bolshoy Cheremshan Bolshoy Irgiz Bezdna Chapayevka Dubna Ilet Kama Kashinka Kazanka Kerzhenets Kostroma Kotorosl Kudma Malaya Kokshaga Maly Irgiz Medveditsa Mologa Nerl Nyomda Oka Rutka Samara Selizharovka Sheksna Shosha Sogozha Sok Suda Sura Sviyaga Tereshka Tsivil Tvertsa Unzha Uzola Vetluga Vazuza Yeruslan
Arctic Ocean, east of the Urals	Alazeya Buor-Yuryakh Rassokha Amguema Anabar Bolshaya Kuonamka Malaya Kuonamka Suolama Udya Bogdashkina Chaun Chegitun Chondon Buor-Yuryakh Nuchcha Gusinaya Indigirka Allaikha Badyarikha Bolshaya Ercha Byoryolyokh Chibagalakh Druzhina Elgi Khastakh Kuydusun Kyuyente Moma Nera Selennyakh Shandrin Shangina Uyandina Ioniveyem Khatanga Kheta Kotuy Khroma Uryung-Ulakh Kolyma Anyuy Ayan-Yuryakh Bakhapcha Balygychan Beryozovka Buyunda Debin Korkodon Kulu Omolon Popovka Ozhogina Sededema Seymchan Sugoy Taskan Tenka Yasachnaya Zyryanka Kyuyol-Yuryakh Lena Aldan Batamay Begidyan Belyanka Biryuk Bolshoy Patom Buotama Byosyuke Chaya Chechuy Cherendey Chuya Derba Dzhardzhan Dyanyshka Eyekit Ichera Ilga Khanchaly Khoruongka Kenkeme Kirenga Kuta Kyuelenke Kyundyudey Linde Lungkha Lyapiske Lyutenge Markha Markhachan Menda Menkere Molodo Motorchuna Muna Myla Namana Natara Nuora Nyuya Olyokma Peleduy Pilyuda Sinyaya Sitte Sobolokh-Mayan Suola Tamma Tayura Tikyan Tuolba Tutura Tympylykan Tyugyuene Uel-Siktyakh Undyulyung Ura Vilyuy Vitim Nadym Ob Aley Barnaulka Biya Chaya Chulym Irtysh Kazym Kasmala Katun Ket Kievsky Yogan Parabel Sob Synya Tom Tromyogan Tym Vasyugan Vakh Vatinsky Yogan Olenyok Alakit Arga-Sala Beyenchime Birekte Buolkalakh Bur Khorbusuonka Kelimyar Kuoyka Kyuyutingde Merchimden Siligir Ukukit Omoloy Arga-Yuryakh Kuranakh-Yuryakh Ulakhan-Kyuegyulyur Palyavaam Pegtymel Pur Pyasina Sellyakh Sundrun Maly Khomus-Yuryakh Taz Khudosey Tolka Uele Volchya Yana Abyrabyt Adycha Baky Bytantay Dulgalakh Oldzho Sartang Tykakh Yenisey Abakan Angara Bakhta Bazaikha Bolshaya Kheta Bolshoy Pit Kacha Kan Kem Khantayka Khemchik Kureyka Mana Nizhnyaya Tunguska Podkamennaya Tunguska Sym Tanama Turukhan Yeloguy
Pacific Ocean/Sea of Okhotsk	Amur Amazar Amgun Anyuy Argun Bureya Gorin Gur Shilka Ussuri Zeya Anadyr Belaya Mayn Tanyurer Yablon Yeropol Arman Avacha Khasyn Bolshaya Gizhiga Inya Kamchatka Khatyrka Iomrautvaam Kikhchik Kukhtuy Okhota Ola Paren Penzhina Belaya Oklan Taui Chyolomdzha Tumen Uda Maya Ukelayat Ulbeya Urak Velikaya Yama Yana
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