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Stelvio Pass
Stelvio Pass
Italian: Passo dello Stelvio / Giogo dello Stelvio; German: Stilfser Joch
	Some of the 48 hairpin turns near the top of the eastern ramp of the Stelvio Pass
Elevation	2,757 m (9,045 ft)
Traversed by	Strada Statale 38
Location	Border of South Tyrol; and Sondrio provinces,; Italy
Range	Eastern Alps
Coordinates	46°31′43″N 10°27′10″E / 46.52861°N 10.45278°E
	Stelvio Pass Location of Stelvio Pass in the Alps.

The Stelvio Pass (Italian: Passo dello Stelvio [ˈpasso dello ˈstɛlvjo, - ˈstelvjo] or Giogo dello Stelvio [ˈdʒoːɡo dello ˈstɛlvjo, - ˈstelvjo]; German: Stilfser Joch [ˈʃtɪlfsɐ ˈjɔx])^[1] is a mountain pass in northern Italy bordering Switzerland at an elevation of 2,757 m (9,045 ft) above sea level. It is the highest paved mountain pass in the Eastern Alps, and the second highest in the Alps, 7 m (23 ft) below France's Col de l'Iseran (2,764 m (9,068 ft)).

Location

The pass is located in the Ortler Alps in Italy between Stilfs (Italian: Stelvio) in South Tyrol to the north-east and Bormio to the south-west in the province of Sondrio. It lies right at the border of Switzerland and is connected to Sta. Maria Val Müstair in the north by the Umbrail Pass on Stelvio's western ramp. The "Three Languages Peak" (Dreisprachenspitze) above the pass is so named because this is where the Italian, German, and Romansh language-speaking areas meet.

The road connects the Valtellina with the Vinschgau valley and the town of Meran. Adjacent to the pass road there is a large summer skiing area. Nearby mountains include Thurwieserspitze, Piz Umbrail, Piz Cotschen, and to the east, the mighty Ortler.^{[citation needed]}

History

The original road was built in 1820–25 by the Austrian Empire to connect the former Habsburg possession of Lombardy with Austria, covering a climb of 1,871 m (6,138 ft). The engineer and project manager was Carlo Donegani [it] (1775–1845). Since then, the route has changed very little. Its seventy-five ^{[citation needed]} hairpin turns, 48 of them on the northern side numbered with stones, are a challenge to motorists. Stirling Moss went off the road here during a vintage car event in the 1990s, with an onboard video of his incident being shown on satellite TV.^{[citation needed]}

Before the end of World War I, it formed the border between the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Italian Kingdom. The Swiss had an outpost and a hotel (which was destroyed) on the Dreisprachenspitze (literally, Three-Language-Peak). During World War I, fierce battles were fought in the ice and snow of the area, with gunfire even crossing the Swiss area at times. The three nations made an agreement not to fire over Swiss territory, which jutted out in between Austria (to the north) and Italy (to the south). Instead, they could fire down the pass, as Swiss territory was up and around the peak.^[2]^[3]^{[self-published source?]} After 1919, with the expansion of Italy, the pass lost its strategic importance.

The Stelvio Pass remains important for sport when it is open from May through November.^[4] Countless cyclists and motorcyclists struggle to get to the highest stretch of road in the Eastern Alps. It is the highest finish of any Grand Tour.^[5] The Giro d'Italia often crosses the Stelvio Pass (it was crossed by the Giro for the first time in 1953, when Fausto Coppi beat Hugo Koblet). As the highest peak, it has been named the Cima Coppi in each edition. Every year, the pass is closed to motor vehicles on one day in late August when about 8,000 cyclists ride and around 25 runners run to the top of the Stelvio.

Bormio regularly hosts World Cup ski racing, usually in late December for a men's downhill event; its Pista Stelvio is among the most challenging courses on the circuit.

The Stelvio Pass was also picked by the British car show Top Gear as its choice for the "greatest driving road in the world".^[6] This conclusion was reached in the first episode of the show's 10th series after the team went in search of a road that would satisfy every "petrolhead's" driving fantasies. Top Gear later decided that the Transfăgărășan Highway in Romania was a superior driving road.

In 2008, Moto Guzzi started selling a Stelvio model, named after the pass. Alfa Romeo debuted its Stelvio crossover SUV at the 2016 Los Angeles Motor Show.

The Stelvio Pass Glacier in Italy, at an altitude of 3,450 metres (11,320 ft), normally permits skiing year-round, but was closed to skiing for the first time in 90 years in August 2017 due to a heatwave.^{[citation needed]}

Stelvio National Park

Stelvio National Park is the largest in the Italian Alps. It was established in 1935, and covers the Ortles-Cevedale massif, as well as some minor chains that flank it. Wildlife in the park include deer, chamois, ibex, and wolves.^{[citation needed]} Hiking in the park is possible with numerous trails and mountain huts and hiking trails.

Stelvio Bike Day

Each year on the last Saturday of August or the first Saturday of September the Stelvio National Park administration organizes the Stelvio Bike Day. On that day the roads from Bormio and Prad to the pass, as well as the road from Santa Maria Val Müstair to the Umbrail Pass are closed to all traffic except for bicycles. On average, around 12,000 cyclists participate in the Bike Day, with the majority taking the road from Prad to the pass and the descent over the Umbrail pass to Val Müstair.

Since 2017 there has also been a Stelvio Marathon for runners, from Prad to Glurns, back to Prad and thence through Stilfs (Stelvio village) to the pass. The first was held on 17 June 2017, with over 300 participants. The second was held on 16 June 2018 and the third on 31 August 2019.^[7]

Appearances in Giro d'Italia (since 1953)

Year	Stage	Category	Start	Finish	Leader at the summit	Winner of the stage
1953	20	-	Bolzano	Bormio	Fausto Coppi (ITA)	Fausto Coppi (ITA)
1956	20	-	Sondrio	Merano	Aurelio Del Rio (ITA)	Charly Gaul (LUX)
1961	20	-	Trento	Bormio	Charly Gaul (LUX)	Charly Gaul (LUX)
1965	20	Cima Coppi	Madesimo	Passo dello Stelvio	Graziano Battistini (ITA)	Graziano Battistini (ITA)
1972	17	Cima Coppi	Livigno	Passo dello Stelvio	José Manuel Fuente (ESP)	José Manuel Fuente (ESP)
1975	21	Cima Coppi	Alleghe	Passo dello Stelvio	Francisco Galdós (ESP)	Francisco Galdós (ESP)
1980	20	Cima Coppi	Cles	Sondrio	Jean-René Bernaudeau (FRA)	Jean-René Bernaudeau (FRA)
1994	15	Cima Coppi	Merano	Aprica	Franco Vona (ITA)	Marco Pantani (ITA)
2005	14	Cima Coppi	Neumarkt	Livigno	José Rujano (VEN)^[8]	Iván Parra (COL)
2012	20	Cima Coppi	Val di Sole	Passo dello Stelvio	Thomas de Gendt (BEL)	Thomas de Gendt (BEL)
2014	16	Cima Coppi	Ponte di Legno	Val Martello (Martelltal)	Dario Cataldo (ITA)	Nairo Quintana (COL)
2017	16	Cima Coppi	Rovetta	Bormio	Mikel Landa Meana (ESP)	Vincenzo Nibali (ITA)
2020	18	Cima Coppi	Pinzolo	Laghi di Cancano	Rohan Dennis (AUS)	Jai Hindley (AUS)