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South Penghu Marine National Park
South Penghu Marine National Park
IUCN category II (national park)
	Dongji Island
Location	Wang'an, Penghu, Taiwan
Nearest city	Magong
Coordinates	23°15′N 119°40′E / 23.250°N 119.667°E
Area	358.44 km2 (138.39 sq mi)
Established	2014
Visitors	8403 (in 2017)
Governing body	Marine National Park Headquarters, Ministry of the Interior
Website	www.marine.gov.tw

South Penghu Marine National Park (Chinese: 澎湖南方四島國家公園; pinyin: Pēnghú Nánfāng Sìdǎo Guójiā Gōngyuán) is a national park of Taiwan in the south of Penghu Islands. The marine park includes the islands of Dongjiyu, Xijiyu, Dongyupingyu, Xiyupingyu, other smaller islets and surrounding waters.^[3] It is managed by the Marine National Park Headquarters.^[4]

History

There were once thousands of people living on the islands.^[5] Because the area has little transportation and few jobs, the population has decreased, and there are now only about 50 people.^[6]

In 2008, cold weather in Penghu killed a lot of marine life. The southern part of Penghu was less affected because it is at a lower latitude and was warmer. One of the reasons that the national park was established was that it could support a lot of marine life and become a "germplasm bank" of Penghu.^[5]^[7] The Penghu Columnar Basalt Nature Reserve Nanhai, containing Dongjiyu, Xijiyu and a few smaller islands, was established in 2008.^[7] South Penghu Marine National Park was established on 8 June 2014 and opened on 18 October 2014.^[8]

Fishing is restricted in parts of the park. Some fishermen are concerned that the restrictions will affect fishing. The Marine National Park Headquarters says that the restrictions will make the fishing more sustainable.^[7]

Description

South Penghu Marine National Park is between 23°14' and 23°17' N, and between 119°30' and 119°40' E.^[1] It is in Wangan Township.^[7] Its total area is about 358.44 km², with 354.73 km² of water and 3.70 km² of land.^[9] The islands have basalt landforms, including columnar basalt. There are abandoned houses and a few temples on the islands.^[7] There are also walls built of stone, called "cai zhai", that were used to protect vegetables from strong winds. There is a lighthouse on Dongjiyu.^[5] The "Blue Cave" is a sea cave on Xijiyu.^[7]

Ecology

Many species of migratory birds, such as terns, visit the islands.^[7] Small numbers of dolphins and smaller whales^[10] have recently returned to the waters^[11]^[12] while large baleen whales may still be in serious peril or became regionally extinct such as gray whales as the fossils discovered from here became the first records of the species from Taiwanese waters.^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16] There are coral reefs and many kinds of marine animals in the sea.^[17] 254 species of fish, including 28 newly discovered species, have been recorded. There are 154 species of coral.^[5] There are also aquatic plants.^[5] Part of the warm Kuroshio Current flows to Penghu, supporting the marine life.^[7]

Since 2010, the Marine National Park Headquarters and some other organizations have inspected the coral reefs and removed crown-of-thorns starfish, which eat coral.^[5] No large populations of crown-of-thorns starfish were found in 2014 and 2015. It is unclear if this was caused by the removal of the crown-of-thorns starfish or the life cycle of the starfish.^[18]

References

^ ^a ^b "澎湖南方四島國家公園". Marine National Park Headquarters (in Chinese). Marine National Park Headquarters. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
^ "各國家公園遊憩據點遊客人數統計表" (PDF). National Parks of Taiwan. Construction and Planning Agency, Ministry of the Interior, R.O.C.(Taiwan). Retrieved 10 March 2018.
^ "Description". Marine National Park Headquarters. Marine National Park Headquarters. 17 September 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
^ "澎湖南方四島國家公園". Penghu Tour Web Site (in Chinese). Tourism Department, Penghu County Government. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f 潘佳修 (9 October 2014). "南方有四島". National Geographic (in Chinese). Boulder Media/National Geographic. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
^ Lin, Sean (13 October 2014). "Nation's ninth national park to open in Penghu". Taipei Times. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Chung, Oscar (1 October 2014). "Where Marine Life Thrives". Taiwan Today. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). Retrieved 1 September 2016.
^ "The Inauguration of South Penghu Marine National Park". Marine National Park Headquarters. Marine National Park Headquarters. 31 October 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
^ "各國家公園與其他保護區面積統計表" (PDF). National Parks of Taiwan (in Chinese). Construction and Planning Agency, Ministry of the Interior, R.O.C.(Taiwan). Retrieved 28 August 2016.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ Kaiya, Zhou; Leatherwood, Stephen; Jefferson, Thomas A. (1995). "Records of Small Cetaceans in Chinese Waters: A Review" (PDF). Asian Marine Biology. 12: 119–39.
^ Endoparasites of Cetaceans Stranded Along Coasts of Taiwan and Penghu
^ 澎湖海豚回來了？網友表示，太讚啦！
^ Tsai, Cheng-Hsiu; Fordyce, R. Ewan; Chang, Chun-Hsiang; Lin, Liang-Kong (2014). "Quaternary Fossil Gray Whales from Taiwan". Paleontological Research. 18 (2): 82. doi:10.2517/2014PR009.
^ Brownell, R.L., Donovan, G.P., Kato, H., Larsen, F., Mattila, D., Reeves, R.R., Rock, Y., Vladimirov, V., Weller, D. & Zhu, Q. (2010) Conservation Plan for Western North Pacific Gray Whales (Eschrichtius robustus). IUCN
^ 澎湖發現鯨豚擱淺死亡送成大學術研究
^ 2017. 台湾发现的灰鲸化石告诉了我们什么？
^ Hsieh, Chia-chen; Hsu, Elizabeth (18 October 2014). "Beauty of south Penghu islets on display at new national park". Focus Taiwan. Central News Agency. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
^ "Overall Inspection of Coral Reefs in South Penghu Marine National Park". Marine National Park Headquarters. Marine National Park Headquarters. 19 June 2015. Retrieved 4 September 2016.