Its charter was drafted in 1975,[2] and its first President was the American sociologist Robert K. Merton.[3] 4S is governed by a nine-person council as well as its president.[4]
It gives out the Ludwik Fleck Prize annually for "best book in the area of science and technology studies", the Rachel Carson Prize for "a work of social or political relevance", the John Desmond Bernal Prize for an individual who made "a distinguished contribution to the field", and the Nicholas C. Mullins Award for "outstanding scholarship in science and technology studies" by a graduate student.[5]