Silicide carbide
Class of chemical compounds
Silicide carbides or carbide silicides are compounds containing anions composed of silicide (Si4− ) and carbide (C4− ) or clusters therof. They can be considered as mixed anion compounds or intermetallic compounds , as silicon could be considered as a semimetal.
Related compounds include the germanide carbides , phosphide silicides , boride carbides and nitride carbides . Other related compounds may contain more condensed anion combinations such as the carbidonitridosilicates with C(SiN3 )4 with N bridging between two silicon atoms.[ 1]
Production
Silicide carbide compounds can be made by heating silicon, graphite, and metal together. It is important to exclude oxygen before and during the reaction.[ 2] The flux method involves a reaction in a molten metal. Gallium is suitable, because it dissolves carbon and silicon, but does not react with them.[ 3]
Properties
Silicide carbides are a kind of ceramic , yet they also have metallic properties. They are not as brittle as most ceramics, but are stiffer than metals. They have high melting temperatures.[ 4]
In air silicide carbide compounds are stable, and are hardly affected by water. The appearance is often metallic grey. When powdered the colour is dark grey.[ 5]
When ErFe2 SiC is dissolved in acid, mostly methane is produced, but the products include some hydrocarbons with two and three carbon atoms.[ 5]
The lanthanide contraction is evident with the cell sizes for rare earth element silicide carbides.[ 5]
List
formula
system
space group
unit cell Å, Z
volume
density
comment
ref
Al4 SiC4
hexagonal
P 63 mc
a = 3.2746 c = 21.7081
201.59
band gap 2.2 eV
[ 6]
Ti3 SiC2
hexagonal
P 63 /mmc
a = 3.064 c = 17.65 Z=2
143.5
4.53
mp 2300°C
[ 7]
Ti5 Si3 Cx
[ 4]
Y3 Si2 C2
orthorhombic
Cmmm
a=3.845 b=15.634 c=4.213
253.3
Pauli paramagnetic
grey metallic
air stable
[ 8]
Y5 Si3 C1.8
[ 9]
Y1.8 C2 Si8 (B12 )3
rhombohedral
R 3 m
a=10.101, c=16.441, Z=3
1452.7
1.551
[ 3]
YCr2 Si2 C
tetragonal
P 4/mmm
a=3.998 c=5.289 Z=1
Pauli paramagnetic
grey metallic
[ 10]
YCr3 Si2 C
[ 11]
YMn2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
YFe2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
270
grey metallic
air stable
[ 5]
YRu2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
Ba3 Si4 C2
tetragonal
I 4/mcm
a = 8.7693 c = 12.3885
semiconductor; contains [Si4 ]4− and [C2 ]2−
[ 13]
La3 Si2 C2
orthorhombic
Cmmm
a =4.039,b =16.884, and c =4.506
307.3
grey metallic
air stable
[ 8]
LaCr2 Si2 C
tetragonal
P 4/mmm
a=4.037 c=5.347 Z=1
[ 10]
La2 Fe2 Si2 C
monoclinic
C 2/m
Z=2
[ 14]
Ce3 Si2 C2
orthorhombic
Cmmm
a=3.990 b=16.592 c= 4.434
293.5
grey metallic
air stable
?ferromagnetic (T C =10K
[ 8]
CeCr2 Si2 C
tetragonal
P 4/mmm
a=4.020 c=5.284 Z=1
grey metallic
[ 10]
Ce2 Fe2 Si2 C
monoclinic
C 2/m
Z=2
[ 14]
CeMo2 Si2 C
[ 15]
CeRu2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
Pr3 Si2 C2
orthorhombic
Cmmm
a=3.967 b=16.452 c=4.399
287.1
grey metallic
air stable
ferromagnetic T C =25K
[ 8]
PrCr2 Si2 C
tetragonal
P 4/mmm
a=4.022, c = 5.352 Z=1
86.58
6.00
grey metallic
Si-Si pair bond 2.453 Å
[ 10]
PrMo2 Si2 C
tetragonal
P 4/mmm
a=4.2139 c=5.4093 Z=1
96.1
metallic dark grey
[ 16]
PrRu2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
Nd3 Si2 C2
orthorhombic
Cmmm
a=3.949 b=16.303 c=4.375
281.7
grey metallic
air stable
ferromagnetic T C =30K
[ 8]
NdCr2 Si2 C
tetragonal
P 4/mmm
a=4.026 c=5.336 Z=1
grey metallic
[ 10]
NdRu2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
Sm3 Si2 C2
orthorhombic
Cmmm
a=3.913 b=16.073 c=4.316
271.4
grey metallic
air stable
antiferromagnetic TN =19K
[ 8]
SmCr2 Si2 C
tetragonal
P 4/mmm
a=4.011 c=5.321 Z=1
grey metallic
[ 10]
SmMn2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
SmFe2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
278
grey metallic
air stable
[ 5]
Sm2 Fe2 Si2 C
monoclinic
C 2/m
Z=2
[ 14]
SmRu2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
Gd3 Si2 C2
orthorhombic
Cmmm
a=3.886 b=15.863 c=4.726
grey metallic
air stable
antiferromagnetic TN =50K
[ 8]
GdCr2 Si2 C
tetragonal
P 4/mmm
a=4.007 c=5.324 Z=1
263.6
grey metallic
[ 10]
GdCr3 Si2 C
hexagonal
P 6/mmm
[ 11]
GdMn2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
GdFe2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
273
grey metallic
air stable
[ 5]
GdRu2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
a = 3.830, b = 11.069, c = 7.157 Z=4
303.4
8.745
silvery
air stable
[ 12] [ 17]
Tb3 Si2 C2
orthorhombic
Cmmm
a=3.854 c=15.702 c=4.236
256.3
grey metallic
air stable
antiferromagnetic TN =28K
[ 8]
Tb1.8 C2 Si8 (B12 )3
rhombohedral
R 3 m
a=10.1171, c=16.397, Z=3
1453.4
1.583
[ 3]
TbCr2 Si2 C
tetragonal
P 4/mmm
a=4.002 c=5.314 Z=1
grey metallic
[ 10]
TbCr3 Si2 C
hexagonal
P 6/mmm
[ 11]
TbMn2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
TbFe2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
270
grey metallic
air stable
[ 5]
TbRu2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
Dy3 Si2 C2
orthorhombic
Cmmm
a=3.838 b=15.611 c=4.203
251.8
grey metallic
air stable
antiferromagnetic TN =30K
[ 8]
DyCr2 Si2 C
tetragonal
P 4/mmm
a=3.999 c=5.306 Z=1
grey metallic
[ 10]
DyCr3 Si2 C
hexagonal
P 6/mmm
[ 11]
DyMn2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
Dy2 Fe2 Si2 C
monoclinic
C2/m
grey metallic
air stable
[ 8]
DyFe2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
269
grey metallic
air stable
[ 18]
DyRu2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
Ho3 Si2 C2
orthorhombic
Cmmm
a=3.828 b=15.507 c=4.189
248.7
grey metallic
air stable
metamagnetic TN =14K
[ 8]
HoCr2 Si2 C
tetragonal
P 4/mmm
a=3.996 c=5.274 Z=1
grey metallic
[ 10]
HoCr3 Si2 C
hexagonal
P 6/mmm
[ 11]
HoMn2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
HoFe2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
267
grey metallic
air stable
[ 5]
HoRu2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
Er3 Si2 C2
orthorhombic
Cmmm
a=3.811 b=15.420 c=4.172
245.2
grey metallic
air stable
metamagnetic
[ 8]
Er1.8 C2 Si8 (B12 )3
rhombohedral
R 3 m
a=10.0994, c=16.354, Z=3
1444.6
1.619
[ 3]
ErCr3 Si2 C
hexagonal
P 6/mmm
[ 11]
ErMn2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
ErFe2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
265
grey metallic
air stable
[ 5]
ErRu2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
Tm3 Si2 C2
orthorhombic
Cmmm
a =3.796, b =15.328, c =4.145
grey metallic
air stable
metamagnetic
[ 8]
TmCr3 Si2 C
hexagonal
P 6/mmm
[ 11]
TmMn2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
TmFe2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
263
grey metallic
air stable
[ 5]
Tm2 Fe2 Si2 C
monoclinic
C2/m
a = 10.497, b = 3.882, c = 6.646, β = 128.96°
antiferromagnetic at T N = 2.7 K
metallic
[ 18]
TmRu2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
LuCr3 Si2 C
hexagonal
P 6/mmm
[ 11]
LuMn2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
LuFe2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
261
grey metallic
air stable
[ 5]
Lu2 Fe2 Si2 C
monoclinic
C2/m
Pauli paramagnetic
metallic
[ 18]
YRe2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
superconductor T c ≈ 5.9 K
[ 12] [ 19]
Y2 Re2 Si2 C
monoclinic
C 2/m
Z=2
[ 14]
La2 Re2 Si2 C
monoclinic
C 2/m
Z=2
[ 14]
CeRe2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
Ce2 Re2 Si2 C
monoclinic
C 2/m
Z=2
[ 14]
PrRe2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
NdRe2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
Nd2 Re2 Si2 C
monoclinic
C 2/m
Z=2
[ 14]
SmRe2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
Sm2 Re2 Si2 C
monoclinic
C 2/m
Z=2
[ 14]
GdRe2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
Gd2 Re2 Si2 C
monoclinic
C 2/m
Z=2
[ 14]
TbRe2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
Tb2 Re2 Si2 C
monoclinic
C 2/m
Z=2
[ 14]
DyRe2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
Dy2 Re2 Si2 C
monoclinic
C 2/m
Z=2
[ 14]
HoRe2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
Ho2 Re2 Si2 C
monoclinic
C 2/m
Z=2
[ 14]
ErRe2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
Er2 Re2 Si2 C
monoclinic
C 2/m
Z=2
[ 14]
TmRe2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
YOs2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
LaOs2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
CeOs2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
PrOs2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
a =3.9602,b =11.058,c =7.172 Z=4
[ 12]
NdOs2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
SmOs2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
GdOs2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
TbOs2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
DyOs2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
HoOs2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
ErOs2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
TmOs2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
ThCr2 Si2 C
tetragonal
[ 20]
ThMn2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
ThFe2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
a = 3.8632, b = 10.806, c = 6.950 Z=4
290
8.79
grey metallic
air stable
[ 5]
Th2 Fe2 Si2 C
monoclinic
C 2/m
Z=2
[ 14]
ThFe10 SiC2-x
tetragonal
a = 10.053 and c = 6.516
[ 18]
ThMo2 Si2 C
tetragonal
P 4/mmm
a = 4.2296 c = 5.3571 Z=1
95.84
superconductor Tc=2.2K
[ 21]
ThRu2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
ThRe2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
Th2 Re2 Si2 C
monoclinic
C 2/m
a=11.1782, b =4.1753, c =7.0293, β =128.721° Z=2
[ 14]
ThOs2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
U3 Si2 C2
tetrahedral
I 4/mmm
a=3.5735 c=18.882 Z=2
241.1
10.94
C-Si bond 1.93 Å
Spin glass freeze at 28K
grey metallic
air stable
[ 2] [ 22]
U20 Si16 C3
hexagonal
P 6/mmm
a = 10.377, c = 8.005, Z = 1
746.5
11.67
grey metallic
air stable
[ 2]
UCr2 Si2 C
tetragonal
P 4/mmm
a =3.983 c =5.160 Z=1
81.84
8.32
[ 23]
UCr3 Si2 C
hexagonal
P 6/mmm
[ 11]
UMn2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
UFe2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
268
grey metallic
air stable
[ 5]
U2 MoSi2 C
tetragonal
P 4/mbm
a = 6.67 c = 4.33
[ 24]
UOs2 SiC
orthorhombic
Cmcm
Z=4
[ 12]
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Salts and covalent derivatives of the
carbide ion