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Serpent of the Nile
Serpent of the Nile
Directed by	William Castle
Written by	Robert E. Kent
Produced by	Sam Katzman
Starring	Rhonda Fleming; William Lundigan; Raymond Burr
Narrated by	Fred F. Sears
Cinematography	Henry Freulich
Edited by	Gene Havlick
Music by	Mischa Bakaleinikoff
Production; companies	Sam Katzman Productions; Esskay Productions
Distributed by	Columbia Pictures
Release date	8 May 1953;
Running time	81 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English

Serpent of the Nile is a 1953 American Technicolor historical adventure film produced by Sam Katzman and directed by William Castle. The film starred Rhonda Fleming, Raymond Burr, William Lundigan and Michael Ansara. In an early role, actress Julie Newmar (listed as Julie Newmeyer) appears as an exotic dancer clad only in gold paint (and a gold fabric bikini of early 1950s style).^[1] It also stars William Lundigan as Lucilius and Michael Fox as Octavius.

Plot

The film opens in 44 BC, just after the assassination of Julius Caesar, and tells the story of the Egyptian Queen Cleopatra (Fleming) and her relationship with the Roman general Mark Antony (Burr) from that time until their mutual suicide in 30 BC. Lucilius, having previously accompanied Julius Caesar to Egypt and having been a close witness to Caesar's romance with Cleopatra, believes that Cleopatra is a woman highly skilled in besotting men to promote her own agenda, in this case to bind Mark Antony to her desire to become queen of Rome and to make her son by Caesar the eventual ruler of the Roman Empire. In the meantime, as Lucilius becomes aware, Cleopatra is beguiling Antony with continuous showings of feasting and luxury while the vast population of Egypt is suffering in hunger and poverty. When Lucilius reveals his concerns to Cleopatra, she makes an unsuccessful attempt to seduce him, in order to win him to her side. Cleopatra persuades Antony that all this disaffection is the work of her younger half-sister, Arsinoe, and Lucilius is sent on an expedition against her in which she is (unhistorically) killed. Lucilius returns from this trip wounded by Cleopatra's own soldiers and even more distrustful of her, and is confined to his apartments as an honored prisoner, while Antony continues to have his judgment clouded with constant feasting and drinking (and, although this is not mentioned, some sort of physical contact with Cleopatra's person). But Antony dimly realizes that he has failed in his duties to Rome, most specifically in his role as a member of the ruling triumvirate, and that Cleopatra is scheming to use him to conquer Rome to make him king and herself queen and Caesar's son the next absolute ruler of Rome, but he knows that Romans will never accept such a development; so he enables Lucilius to escape, with instructions to return to Rome and warn Octavius of what is happening in Egypt. (Unlike the Elizabeth Taylor version, this Cleopatra is not madly in love with Antony, but is merely using him as a stepping stone). Soon enough Octavius brings Roman armies to Egypt to subdue this incipient mutiny. In this movie it would appear that a conscience-stricken Antony stays in Cleopatra's palace, refusing to lead an Egyptian army against his beloved Rome. As Octavius closes in, Antony stabs himself, Lucilius breaches the palace gates in time to bring a dying Antony to Cleopatra's chamber, and Cleopatra, in despair of the complete frustration of her ambitions, uses a snake to kill herself. This brings the movie to its end before we see Cleopatra die.

Cast

Rhonda Fleming as Cleopatra
William Lundigan as Lucilius
Raymond Burr as Marcus Antonius
Jean Byron as Charmian
Michael Ansara as Captain Florus
Michael Fox as Octavius
Conrad Wolfe as elderly assassin
John Crawford as Captain Domitius
Jane Easton as Cytheris
Robert Griffin as Brutus
Frederic Berest as Marculius
Julie Newmar as the gilded girl
Ted Hecht as Serapian, viceroy of Cypress
Steven Ritch
Fred F. Sears as off-screen narrator

Production

In November 1951 Katzman announced he would make the movie based on Cleopatra by H. Rider Haggard. It was part of an eight-film slate he was making at Columbia, others including Prince of Pirates with Paul Henreid, Slaves of Babylon, Cairo to Suez, Jack McCall, Desperado, The Pathfinder, Siren of Bagdad and Flame of Calcutta.^[2]

In May 1952 Katzman said the film would start in August.^[3] It was not made until 1953, when it was William Castle's first film at Columbia after a number of years at Universal. According to Castle, Katzman told the director this was Katzman's most ambitious film to date. Castle says the film was sold to the public as "2 years in the making" when Katzman had in reality only been talking about making it for two years. Castle said the correct ad copy should have been "2 Years in The Talking. Fifteen days in the making."^[4] By July Rhonda Fleming and William Lundigan were attached to star.^[5]

The title was apparently adapted from Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra, Act I, scene 5.^{[citation needed]}

The film had a very low budget. It was shot on the sets left over from Rita Hayworth's Salome.^[6] One sequence depicts a chariot racing through the sands of Egypt towards a sand dune in the distance, behind which looms a pyramid. It is extremely obvious that this composition (like many others) is a matte shot: the pyramid in the background is a superimposed painting, with the sand dune concealing the join between the live action and the matte. Elsewhere in the film, Rhonda Fleming as Cleopatra is clearly wearing a "bullet bra" of the style that was fashionable in the 1950s, and the Egyptian dancing girls are wearing bikinis of the same era.

References

^ p.47 Dixon, Wheeler W. Lost in the Fifties: Recovering Phantom Hollywood 2005 SIU Press
^ Drama: Dunne and MacMurray Reunion Hinted; Sam Katzman Slate Notable Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times 21 Nov 1951: A7.
^ Drama: Minnelli Will Guide Astaire, Fabray; Big Oriental Fete Slated Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times 31 May 1952: A7.
^ Castle, William (1976). Step right up! : ... I'm gonna scare the pants off America. Putnam. p. 123.
^ Drama: Garson in 'Interrupted Melody;' Bacon-Bergman and Bjork Deals on Fire Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times 11 July 1952: B9.
^ p. 25 Parla, Paul & Mitchell, Charles P. Screen Sirens Scream!: Interviews with 20 Actresses from Science Fiction 2009 McFarland