Royal Canin

Royal Canin SAS
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryPet food
Founded1968; 56 years ago (1968)
Gard, France
HeadquartersAimargues, Gard, France
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Cécile Coutens (CEO)
ProductsDog food and cat food, animal health products, veterinary products
ParentMars, Incorporated
Websiteroyalcanin.com

Royal Canin (French: [ʁwajal kanɛ̃]) is a French manufacturer and global supplier of cat and dog food. The company is a subsidiary of Mars, Incorporated. It undertakes research into the specific nutritional needs of dogs and cats.

The company was established by French veterinary surgeon Jean Cathary, after he successfully treated a number of skin and coat conditions in pets by feeding them a cereal-based diet he prepared in his garage. He realized that nutrition was an important part of pets' health.[1] After importing an extruder from the United States, a process used in this industry for the first time in 1956,[2] the company was the first to manufacture dry pet food in France. Aimed primarily at breeders, production steadily increased and distribution extended further into the European market. Royal Canin was sold to the Guyomarc'h Group in 1972, and underwent a further period of expansion, especially in the area of research and development, before being purchased by the Paribas Bank in 1990. The company was floated on the French stock exchange but removed later after it was sold to Mars, Incorporated in 2002.[3][4]

History

Early history

The company was established by the French veterinary surgeon Jean Cathary in 1968.[5] He had a veterinary practice in a village in the Gard region of France and was concerned many people's pets were being presented with a variety of health problems, especially skin and coat conditions. Convinced the cause was dietary, Cathary devised a cereal–based recipe, which he prepared in an oven in his garage.[6][7]

The diet successfully alleviated the problems pets were presented with, so in 1968, Cathary registered the food with the trademark "Royal Canin". He closed his veterinary practice to concentrate on manufacturing and distributing the feed. An extruder was imported from the U.S. and Royal Canin became the first manufacturer of dry pet food in France and the first European company to use an extruder.[7] The target market was primarily breeders and German Shepherd associations; television advertising was used to promote the product.[7]

French Veterinarian Jean Cathary (left) founded Royal Canin in 1968

Production steadily increased and in 1970, the company was incorporated as "Royal Canin S. A."; a larger factory was opened in Aimargues and began distribution throughout Europe. Forty staff were employed in the annual production of five–thousand five hundred tons of feed. A subsidiary, Royal Canin Iberica, was established in Spain. In March 1972, Cathary sold the company to the Guyomarc'h Group,[6][8][9] a much larger, family-run animal feed business founded by Jean Guyomarc’h in 1954, which specialised in livestock feed.[10][a] The new ownership allowed the company to further undergo a period of expansion, especially in the area of research and development.[11][12] A second factory was inaugurated in 1975 in Cambrai, France.

The period under the ownership of Guyomarc'h saw a marked expansion of the company, particularly in the area of research and development. A dedicated research centre was opened in Saint-Nolff, Brittany, during 1973. Over the ten years up to 1982 additional subsidiaries were also set up in other European countries. These included Italy, Sweden, Belgium, Spain, Germany and Denmark. Another factory was built in northern France to service sales in the countries of the north of Europe.[9] From 1982 onwards, Royal Canin diversified its portfolio to products such as canned food and bird seed and saw its production quadruple to 200,000 tons in 10 years.[12]

The Guyomarc'h group of companies was purchased by the Paribas Bank in 1990.[13] Royal Canin recorded a loss in 1993; the following year the Guyomarc'h group was divided into four separate businesses, one of which remained as Royal Canin. In 1994, a new CEO was appointed and focused on 3 pillars: dry food, health through nutrition and dog-handling expertise.[12][14] The bank wished to sell Royal Canin but its chairman managed to persuade it to list it on the Paris stock exchange instead, which took place in 1997.[15] Forty–three percent of the company was floated on the stock market and it raised the company's valuation to four and half billion francs. The additional revenue raised provided the funding to buy Crown Pet Foods in 1999 and the James Wellbeloved brand in 2000.[6][16][17]

In 1999, Guyomarc'h site was recognized and Royal Canin's activities became autonomous from the other activities of Guyomarc'h site.[18]

Recent history

Paribas Paribas Bank sold its holding in the company to Mars, Incorporated in July 2002 for in excess of one and a half billion euros. The majority of this payment, almost ninety–three percent, was for "goodwill". The European Commission only agreed to the takeover by Mars if Royal Canin disposed of some assets to Agrolimen, a Spanish company.[9][19] Royal Canin was removed from the stock exchange listing after the take over by Mars.[20]

In 2002, Mars acquired 40% of Royal Canin's stakes.[21][22]

In March 2004, Royal Canin acquired the US and Canadian veterinary-grade food brands IVD, Medi–Cal and Techni–Cal from Del Monte Foods for $82.5 million.[23]

The company was one of the many brands affected by the 2007 pet food recalls. As of 30 April 2012, the FDA had reported no subsequent Class I, II, or III recalls by Royal Canin.[24]

In 2012, Royal Canin established a logistics platform in Verdun, France.[25]

In 2018, Royal Canin celebrated its 50th anniversary.[26]

In 2021, Mars announced that it would invest 46 million euros in France, among which 22 million euros dedicated to its French and Global headquarters in Aimargues, France, where the historic plant, a pilot plant and an R&D center are located.[27]

Products and services

Royal Canin cat food

Royal Canin has about 260 different formulas. The food adapted to each animal,[28] physiology and sensitivities[29] and meets the needs of the dog [30] or cat, exactly according to the firm.

The principle of Royal Canin is 'the health of animals through good nutrition'.[31]

Food

In the UK, Royal Canin is a member of the Pet Food Manufacturers Association (PFMA).[32]

The products are adapted for different digestive capacity and divergent growth periods.[33]

Dog products: Dry dog food and Pouch dog food, etc.

Cat products: Sauce canned cat food, dry cat food, gravy canned food, etc.

Veterinary food

The company develops several different diet formulas, also for medical prevention and care [34] such as Renal Feline Special for feline urinary,[35] tract health,[36] suitable kibbles for dogs with allergies[37] or digestive disorders.[38]

Some veterinary foods are available through prescription only, such as the Wet Diet brand.[39]

In 2023, Royal Canin expands its line of hypoallergenic food[40] and launches Dental Care products, kibbles with a specific texture that help clean teeth.[41]

Veterinary products

Pill Assist, a treat designed to help owners to give medication to their cats by masking tablets and capsules.[42] In some countries, Royal Canin has its own Veterinary Channel.[43]

Publications

In collaboration with experts, Royal Canin led in the development of publications such as the Dog's Encyclopedia, Encyclopedia of Canine Clinical Nutrition,[44][45][46] the Royal Canin Cat Encyclopedia, and other books like Nutrition of the pets with the French Veterinary Academia.[47][48][49]

Research

Royal Canin bases the production of its feeds on scientific research[50] and set up its first research centre in St-Nolff in 1973; a subsequent research centre was established in Missouri in the late 1980s, and a research facility was also opened in Brazil. Products are tested non-invasively on a "focus group" of about 500 pets (dogs and cats) selected for the characteristics of their breeds.[51] Daniel Cloche was one of the scientists who first worked at the company's French research facility and was described as "one of the pioneers in researching bone–related disorders and diseases among dogs". Research indicated bone problems in large dogs could be dietary, so different recipes were developed to specifically address this. In 1980, Royal Canin brought out a new feed called AGR, especially for puppies categorised as large breeds. At that time, the company also turned its attention towards producing cat foods to suit specific dietary requirements.[6][9]

Henri Lagarde was chairman of the company during the 1990s, and drove the implementation of three core policies. Firstly, the physiology and biology of pets should be studied to increase the company's knowledge base. Secondly, all products had to address specific needs; this was further endorsed by the Research and Development section having mandatory instructions that "no veterinarian or university should be able to refute any of Royal Canin's nutritional arguments". Finally, animals and their nutritional requirements were to be treated with "knowledge and respect" rather than being humanised.[52] The company theme became "knowledge and respect".[50]

Veterinary and peer-reviewed journals

With the help of academics, the company also produces encyclopedias about dog and cat breeds, which have been translated into fifteen languages. There are also books on breeding, nutrition and publications aimed at breeders and veterinary surgeons. Royal Canin also published the scientific quarterly titled FOCUS which was circulated to over seventy thousand veterinarians worldwide in eleven different languages. FOCUS is now called Veterinary Focus magazine. This is in addition to the 1,450 veterinary literatures produced for the Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition.[53][54]

Studies

In 2012, Royal Canin conducted a study which found that the life expectancy of dogs and cats had increased over the last ten years, in part due to the progress in veterinary medicine and animal food.[55]

Recruitment of specialists and sponsorships

In 1994, Lagarde was determined the company should be seen as dealing with "specialists". He insisted that the word "traditional" must never be used and the word was removed from every document and company computer file being replaced by "specialist" instead.[52]

There are teams of trained veterinary technicians to help and advise breeders and other professionals. The company coined a new description for its teams of trained sales staff as "cynotechnicians", who were already well established and passionate about the canine world; some were show judges or had gained an international reputation for their breeding skills.[56]

In 2019, Royal Canin signed an agreement to partner with MAssey University Foundation by offering a scholarship in health nutrition for cats and dogs veterinary science.[57]

Sponsorships and partnership

Royal Canin at the World Cat Federation Show Philippines

The company sponsors and participates in thousands of cat and dog shows each year around the world, like local and regional Canine Club.[58][59] The company withdrew from sponsoring the UK Contest of Champions event in 2009 but was quoted as stating it was increasing its sponsorship of dog shows.[60] In 2010, Royal Canin financed the Subculture Animal Friends association, animal rights activists linked to punk band Subculture which fight animal cruelty.[61]

In 2011, Royal Canin partnered with Groupe Gascogne, its provider, to replant trees.[62][63]

In 2017, Royal Canin collaborated with an association which promotes the integration of people with disabilities through sport in the context of Para Skiing Championships in Spain.[64]

In 2013, Four Paws, an international animal welfare group, accused Royal Canin of sponsoring events that included illegal bear-baiting in Ukraine.[65] The company confirmed the allegations[66] and promised to take action to put an end to its sponsorship of such events.[67] Subsequently, the company made a commitment to support the rescue of bears used and began negotiations with the group to determine a detailed project plan.[68][69][70] In July, the company announced that it would fund the constructions of a rescue facility for bears.

In 2022, in the field of healthcare, Royal Canin partnered with PDSA, a UK-veterinary charity, to tackle obesity among pets.[71] The same year, Royal Canin and RACE Foundation renewed their collaboration on the theme of the well-being and safety of animals during travel.[72][73][74]

In 2023, at an event dedicated to feilne medicine in Brazil,[75] Royal Canin sponsors the Cat Friendly Programme, a project run by the American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP).[76]

In August 2023, Royal Canin made a cooperation protocol with AKUT Search and Rescue Association to meet the needs of AKUT's search dogs, including nutrition.[77]

Factories and logistics

Royal Canin's head office is in Aimargues, southern France.[78][79] There are sixteen production facilities worldwide,[80][2] in addition to Aimargues including at Cambrai in northern France; Johannesburg, South Africa; Descalvado, Brazil;[78] and González Catán, near Buenos Aires, Argentina.[78]

The plant located in Rolla, Missouri, produces only dry pet feeds.[81] Royal Canin was fined for "violating the Clean Water Act" in 2005 at this site.[82]

In 2004, production facilities at Dmitrov, near Moscow, Russia, opened. Royal Canin committed twelve million euros in the construction of the factory and anticipated annual production of twenty–two thousand tons a year.[78][83]

The Polish government announced construction was to start in February 2006 on a fifty million euro factory in Niepołomice, Poland, which would provide employment for in excess of one hundred fifty staff. At the time of the announcement, it was described as "the ninth and most modern of all of those which belong to the company"; this was because of the laboratory that was to be included in the design.[84][85]

The company's first UK facility, at Castle Cary, near Bristol, opened in December 2007, two years later than expected. Annual production was expected to be two thousand tons, employing eighty staff. Although objections were raised by some local residents, others welcomed the facility.[86] The Environment Agency received complaints of an "unbearable smell" after production started. The company installed carbon filters and a new condenser at a cost of a million pounds in attempts to address the problem.[87][88]

In 2008, the company invested seventy–three million dollars in the construction of a factory at Guelph, Ontario, Canada.[89][90]

A factory at North Sioux City, South Dakota, USA, was originally purchased by Mars in 2007 and worked under the Mars Petcare brand. This was then re-branded to Royal Canin in 2011, where it manufactures wet pet food. [81]

Royal Canin's twelfth production facility was fully built at the end of 2009 and is located in Shanghai, China.[91]

A new plant has been opened in 2017 in South Korea in Gimje, North Jeolla Province.[92]

In 2021, the company announced that it would invest $185 million for its facility in North Sioux City in South Dakota.[93][94] The project aimed at creating 149 new full-time jobs.[95] The same year Royal Canin announced an investment of $200 million to expand its manufacturing facility in Lebanon, Tennessee.[96] The expansion began in 2019.[97]

Corporate information

Governance

Since July 2022, Cécile Coutens has been the new president. She succeeds Loïc Moutault.[98] She is the first woman at the head of Royal Canin.[99][100]

List of chief executive officers

  • 1972-1994: René Gillain[101]
  • 1994-2004: Henri Lagarde
  • 2004-2007: Alain Guillemin
  • 2007-2014: Jean-Christophe Flatin[102]
  • 2014-2022: Loïc Moutault[103]
  • 2022–present: Cécile Coutens[104]

Royal Canin Foundation

Founded in 2020,[105] the Royal Canin Foundation aims to reinforce the positive role that domestic animals play in the health and well-being of people,[106] with topics such as COVID-19 detection, cancer detection, puppy education and children with autism spectrum disorders.[107][108][109] For example, the foundation partners with Dogpoint in Spain to facilitate access to assistance dogs for children with ASD.[110][111] In France, the foundation supports the France Victimes project and has signed an agreement to finance the deployment of three new local assistance dogs per year by 2025.[112] In Mexico, the Foundation uses a brigade of assistant dogs called BREC K-9 to help with natural catastrophes such as earthquakes.[113][114]

ESG

In October 2021, the Royal Canin brand announced its commitment to become carbon neutral certified by 2025[115][116][117] and adhere to the PAS 2060 standard for carbon neutrality.[118] The brand claimed to have begun moving toward carbon neutrality in 2022, by having its first product range carbon-neutral certified.[119][120]

The Royal Canin brand announced that it would carry out the following actions: transitioning to renewable electricity, procuring sustainable ingredients, reducing waste and boosting circularity and implementing climate-smart business transformation.[121][122] For any residual emissions that Royal Canin cannot completely remove or reduce, the brand will invest in high-quality, removal-based certified carbon credits.[119] Royal Canin declares qualifying the carbon footprint of 100% of its raw materials.[123][124] Around 2020, Royal Canin's factories already used 72% of renewable electricity for its factories around the world[125] powered by systems that had been built in the past 20 years.

Events

Royal Canin organizes events related to the pet and industry, such as the Vet Symposium,[126][127] aimed at veterinarians and also veterinary nurses,[128] and the PRO Experts Forum, aimed at breeders.[129]

In December 2023, Royal Canin inaugurated the first edition of its international photography competition, Royal Canin Photography Award (RCPA).[130] The competition is an attempt to celebrate the uniqueness of cats and dogs and their diversity through arts.[131][132]

A Royal Canin advertisement from the 1980s featured a running German Shepherd in slow motion, set to the instrumental theme "Chi Mai" composed by Ennio Morricone.[133][104] Alain Chabat parodied this advertisement by including a slow-motion chase scene (with "Chi Mai" as the background music) between Idéfix and a legionary in the 2002 film Asterix & Obelix: Mission Cleopatra.[134][135]

Controversies

In 2013, following a controversy sparked by the support of dog and bear fights by its Ukrainian subsidiary, the company announced its commitment to assisting in the protection of bears in Ukraine.[136][137]

In 2017, the brand was mentioned in a report by France 5, "What Kind of Kibble for Our Pets?" and in the book "Ce Poison Nommé Croquette" by Jérémy Anso, criticizing the quality of products from Hill's Pet Nutrition and Royal Canin, among others.[138][139][140]

Notes

  1. ^ Guyomarc'h changed its name to Evialis at the beginning of 2001.

References

  1. ^ ""Royal Canin", the manufacturer and distributor of dog and cat food from France". Bangkok Post.
  2. ^ a b "The History of Commercial Pet Food: A Great American Marketing Story". The Farmer's Dog. March 2017. Retrieved 2023-05-26.
  3. ^ "Mars Petcare's Manufacturing Facility Expansion, Arkansas". Food Processing Technology. Retrieved 2023-04-26.
  4. ^ "Bruxelles autorise le rachat de Royal Canin par Mars". Les Echos. 18 February 2002. Retrieved 2023-04-26.
  5. ^ "Gard : Jean Cathary, le génie inventif du fondateur de Royal Canin". Midi Libre. 29 October 2019. Retrieved 2023-03-29.
  6. ^ a b c d Company Histories.
  7. ^ a b c Thoenig & Waldman 2006, p. 25.
  8. ^ Thoenig & Waldman 2006, p. 26.
  9. ^ a b c d Pierce & Hoovers.
  10. ^ List of companies.
  11. ^ "Royal Canin, Afflelou... Ces marques du quotidien dont les entreprises ont quitté la bourse". BFM Bourse. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
  12. ^ a b c "Royal Canin, 50 ans et toujours innovant". Capital. 26 November 2018. Retrieved 2023-03-29.
  13. ^ Thoenig & Waldman 2006, p. 27.
  14. ^ "Royal Canin a retrouvé la forme". Les Echos. 12 July 1994. Retrieved 2023-03-29.
  15. ^ Thoenig & Waldman 2006, p. 28.
  16. ^ This is Dorset 2009.
  17. ^ Crown Pet Foods.
  18. ^ "Guyomarc'h : ses trois sociétés prennent leur autonomie". Le Télégramme. 26 June 1999. Retrieved 2023-05-12.
  19. ^ Just-food.com 2002.
  20. ^ Meller 2002.
  21. ^ "Кормовое предупреждение". Kommersant. 23 July 2007. Retrieved 2023-05-12.
  22. ^ "Royal Canin, la success story française du groupe Mars". Les Echos. 27 June 2018. Retrieved 2023-05-12.
  23. ^ New York Times 2004.
  24. ^ FDA 2012.
  25. ^ Nouvelle, L'Usine (26 April 2012). "Royal Canin s'implante à Verdun". L'Usine Nouvelle. Retrieved 2023-04-20.
  26. ^ "Royal Canin marks a milestone". Veterinary Practice News. 21 September 2018. Retrieved 2023-04-20.
  27. ^ Nouvelle, L'Usine (29 June 2021). "Le spécialiste de la nutrition animale Royal Canin va engager 22 millions d'euros à Aimargues dans le Gard". L'Usine Nouvelle. Retrieved 2023-04-26.
  28. ^ "'For the Dogs' Has a Whole New Meaning". The New York Times. 4 June 2011. Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  29. ^ "Changer l'alimentation de son chien trop souvent est mauvais pour son transit". Wamiz. 31 August 2012. Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  30. ^ "Can the Bulldog Be Saved?". The New York Times. 22 November 2011. Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  31. ^ "C'est aux Rues-des-Vignes que se trouve l'une des plus grandes unités de production de Royal Canin". La Voix du Nord. 4 April 2022. Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  32. ^ "PDSA Vet answers pet owners questions from the public". The Mail. 15 May 2022. Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  33. ^ "Loving your pets through Royal Canin". The News Today. Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  34. ^ "La "pet food" ne connaît pas la crise". Le Figaro. 18 May 2012. Retrieved 2023-05-26.
  35. ^ "Persian cat's genetics increases susceptibility to health issues". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2023-05-26.
  36. ^ "Cachorro 'tatuado' é atração em feira pet em SP". Globo. Retrieved 2023-05-26.
  37. ^ "Quelle alimentation si mon chien est malade ?". Wamiz. 18 May 2010. Retrieved 2023-05-26.
  38. ^ "Croquettes ou pâtée pour chat ?". Wamiz. 9 June 2011. Retrieved 2023-05-26.
  39. ^ "Adecuada alimentación en mascotas prolonga y mejora su calidad de vida". La Segunda. Retrieved 2023-05-31.
  40. ^ "Royal Canin expands hypoallergenic food range". PBW. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  41. ^ "Royal Canin lança alimento com foco na saúde dental de gatos adultos". Cães e Gatos. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  42. ^ "Un 77% de los propietarios reconoce que su gato le ha atacado cuando le daba la medicación". Animalshealth. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
  43. ^ "Giorgio Massoni nuovo Direttore Generale Royal Canin Italia". Business People. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
  44. ^ Pibot, Pascale (2006). Encyclopedia of Canine Clinical Nutrition. Retrieved 2023-06-22 – via Google Books.
  45. ^ Biourge, Vincent; Elliott, Denise; Pibot, Pascale (2012). Encyclopedia of Canine Clinical Nutrition. Retrieved 2023-06-22 – via Google Books.
  46. ^ The Royal Canin Cat Encyclopedia. 2003. Retrieved 2023-06-22 – via Google Books.
  47. ^ Royal Canin (2003). Royal Canin scientific research: innovation in health nutrition. [Cats]. St. Charles, MO: Royal Canin. OCLC 58458849.
  48. ^ Royal Canin (2003). Royal Canin scientific research: innovation in health nutrition. [Dogs]. St. Charles, MO: Royal Canin. OCLC 58458826.
  49. ^ Nutrition of the pets = Nutrition des carnivores domestiques. OCLC 500329122.
  50. ^ a b Thoenig & Waldman 2006, p. 24.
  51. ^ "Royal Canin, la success story française du groupe Mars". Les Echos. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
  52. ^ a b Thoenig & Waldman 2006, p. 30.
  53. ^ Thoenig & Waldman 2006, p. 36.
  54. ^ "Veterinary Focus". International Veterinary Information Service. Archived from the original on 2013-08-07. Retrieved 2013-08-10.
  55. ^ "L'espérance de vie des chiens et chats augmente". Le Figaro. 2 November 2012. Retrieved 2023-04-08.
  56. ^ Thoenig & Waldman 2006, pp. 26–27.
  57. ^ "Royal Canin Health Nutrition for Cats and Dogs Veterinary Science Scholarship – 5th Year BVSc". Massey University of New Zealand. Retrieved 2023-06-03.
  58. ^ "IKCI holds quadruple dog shows". The News Today. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
  59. ^ Thoenig & Waldman 2006, p. 37.
  60. ^ "New sponsor needed for Contest of Champions". Dog World. 10 January 2009. Archived from the original on 2015-06-10. Retrieved 2013-08-05.
  61. ^ "Campaigners unleash cartoon dog Floyd on schoolchildren". Times of Malta. Retrieved 2023-08-19.
  62. ^ "Plus de 15 000 arbres pour " reconstruire " la forêt à Garein dans les Landes". Aqui. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  63. ^ "Ensemble, ils replantent la forêt de Garein (40)". Sud Ouest. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  64. ^ "Irene Villa participará en el Campeonato de España de Esquí para Discapacitados". El País. Retrieved 2023-08-19.
  65. ^ "A pet food company sponsors bear baiting". 20min.ch. 23 July 2013. Retrieved 2013-07-29.
  66. ^ "Illegale Bärenkämpfe in der Ukraine - was ist hier passiert und was hat ROYAL CANIN damit zu tun? (Aktualisierte Stellungnahme)" [Illegal bear fights in Ukraine - what happened here and what does ROYAL CANIN have to do with it? (Updated Statement)] (in German). Royal Canin (Germany). 26 July 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-07-29. Retrieved 2013-07-29.
  67. ^ Durward 2013.
  68. ^ Batt 2013.
  69. ^ "Updated Statement". Royal Canin (UK). 31 July 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-08-02.
  70. ^ "Royal Canin pledges Four Paws full support in rescuing baiting bears". Four Paws. 31 July 2013. Archived from the original on 2014-04-02. Retrieved 2013-08-08.
  71. ^ "PDSA and Royal Canin partner to tackle pet obesity". Pet Gazette. Retrieved 2023-08-19.
  72. ^ "Diez claves para viajar con mascotas de forma segura en verano". Interempresas. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
  73. ^ "10 claves para viajar seguros con mascotas en el coche". 20minutos. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
  74. ^ "El atropello de mascotas registra casi mil accidentes de tráfico con víctimas en los últimos 5 años". Diario Veterinario. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
  75. ^ "Cat In Rio contará com participação da Royal Canin". Cães e Gatos. Retrieved 2023-12-22.
  76. ^ "Les cliniques invitées à rejoindre le "Cat friendly programme"". Le Point Vétérinaire. Retrieved 2023-12-22.
  77. ^ "AKUT ve Royal Canin'den arama köpekleri için iş birliği". DHA. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
  78. ^ a b c d Bloomberg.
  79. ^ Data Monitor 2011, p. 16.
  80. ^ "C'est aux Rues-des-Vignes que se trouve l'une des plus grandes unités de production de Royal Canin". La Voix du Nord. Retrieved 2023-06-03.
  81. ^ a b All About Feed 2013.
  82. ^ Data Monitor 2011, p. 12.
  83. ^ Ziggers 2011.
  84. ^ PALiLZ 2005.
  85. ^ PMR 2006.
  86. ^ All About Feed 2007.
  87. ^ Peek 2009.
  88. ^ BBC 2008.
  89. ^ Royal Canin & Canada.
  90. ^ All About Feed 2008.
  91. ^ Bencer 2010.
  92. ^ "로얄캐닌 50주년에 문을 연 아시아태평양 로얄캐닌 생산허브 '김제공장'". Dailyvet. Retrieved 2023-06-03.
  93. ^ "Royal Canin Expands North Sioux City, South Dakota, Facility". Area Development. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
  94. ^ "PROGRESS: Royal Canin to double size of North Sioux City plant, add 149 new jobs". Sioux City Journal. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
  95. ^ "Royal Canin Invests $185M in New Production Lines". Powder & Bulk Solids. Retrieved 2023-08-19.
  96. ^ "Royal Canin plans $200 million investment to grow operations in Tennessee". Pet Food Processing. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
  97. ^ "Royal Canin To Invest $200M In Tennessee Expansion". Business Facilities. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
  98. ^ "Royal Canin appoints first female president". Pet Business World. 30 June 2022. Retrieved 2023-03-29.
  99. ^ "Cécile Coutens nommée PDG de Royal Canin". Les Echos. 29 June 2022. Retrieved 2023-03-29.
  100. ^ "Une nouvelle PDG à la tête de Royal Canin à Aimargues". France Bleu. 27 June 2022. Retrieved 2023-03-29.
  101. ^ "Royal Canin, 50 ans et toujours innovant". Capital.fr (in French). 26 November 2018. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
  102. ^ Lavabre, Sylvie (29 August 2014). "Le Français Jean-Christophe Flatin nommé Président de Mars Chocolat Monde". LSA (in French).
  103. ^ "Une nouvelle PDG à la tête de Royal Canin à Aimargues". ici, par France Bleu et France 3 (in French). 27 June 2022. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
  104. ^ a b Yvernault, Véronique (28 June 2022). "Royal Canin nomme Cécile Coutens au poste de PDG". LSA (in French).
  105. ^ "Fundación Royal Canin y Dogpoint colaboran para que niños con TEA accedan a perros de asistencia". Animal's Health. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
  106. ^ "Día Mundial del Perro: celébralo apoyando a una buena causa". Diez Minutos. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
  107. ^ "Ogrody Sensoryczne w Dzwonowie. Nowatorska dogoterapia z dziećmi z zaburzeniami autyzmu". gs24.pl. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
  108. ^ "Esenciales los binomios humano-animal para desastres como los sismos". Periodismo y Ambiente. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
  109. ^ "Binomios de rescate, trascendentales para los mexicanos". Imagen CDMX. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
  110. ^ "La Fundación Royal Canin se alía con Dogpoint para facilitar el acceso a perros de asistencia a niños con TEA". Diario Siglo XXI. Retrieved 2023-08-19.
  111. ^ "La Fundación Royal Canin se alía con Dogpoint para facilitar el acceso a perros de asistencia a niños con TEA". StickNoticias. Retrieved 2023-08-19.
  112. ^ "Gard. Rancho : un chien d'assistance judiciaire pour le tribunal de Nîmes". Actu. Retrieved 2023-08-19.
  113. ^ "Esenciales los binomios humano-animal para desastres como los sismos". Periodismo y Ambiente. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
  114. ^ "Binomios de rescate, trascendentales para los mexicanos". ImagenCdMx. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
  115. ^ "M&Ms iconic characters are getting an 'inclusive' new look, but beyond the candy-coated makeover, the company is ramping up sustainability goals to include more diverse suppliers and farmers". Business Insider. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
  116. ^ "Royal Canin aims for carbon neutrality by 2025". Pet Food Processing. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
  117. ^ "Carbon-Neutral Product Labels Are Proliferating. Will They Pay Off?". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
  118. ^ "Royal Canin aims to be carbon neutral by 2025". Pet Gazette. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
  119. ^ a b "Royal Canin Carbon Neutral by 2025?". Global Pet Industry. Retrieved 2023-08-19.
  120. ^ "Royal Canin To Achieve Carbon Neutrality By 2025". European Supermarket Magazine. Retrieved 2023-08-19.
  121. ^ "Royal Canin to achieve carbon neutral footprint". Pet Worldwide. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
  122. ^ "Carbon neutrality goal set by pet food giant". Veterinary Practice News. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
  123. ^ "Envases de papel, sobres reciclados o nutrientes sostenibles aterrizan en el mundo de los animales de compañía". ABC.es. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
  124. ^ "El Día Mundial del Medio Ambiente cumple 50 años: La contribución del sector veterinario". Animal's Health. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
  125. ^ "로얄캐닌, 연세대학교 상남경영원 '펫 비즈니스 최고위 과정' 특강 마쳐". Chosunbiz. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
  126. ^ "Vets invited to Royal Canin's 2022 Vet Symposium". VetSurgeon. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
  127. ^ "Royal Canin is offering its Vet Symposium content for free on demand". Pet Food Processing. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
  128. ^ "Royal Canin to dedicate symposium to VNs for first time". Vet Times. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
  129. ^ "Royal Canin Pro experts forum: breeding and pet ownership". Pet News. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
  130. ^ "AIMARGUES Royal Canin dévoile les lauréats des " Photography Award "". Objectif Gard. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  131. ^ "La griffe d'excellence de Marie Hervé et Elsa Martinez au Royal Canin photography award à Aimargues". Midi Libre. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  132. ^ "Exposition à New-York et 10000 € pour le vainqueur du concours photos organisé par Royal Canin". Le Réveil du Midi. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  133. ^ Guillaume, Ondine (27 December 2021). "Top 5 des publicités des années 80/90 indissociables de la musique classique". Radio Classique (in French). Retrieved 2023-08-16.
  134. ^ "Cyril Casmèze va réveiller l'animal qui est en vous". Retrieved 2023-08-16.
  135. ^ "Royal Canin va investir 46 millions d'euros en France, dont la moitié dans le Gard". La Tribune (in French). 30 June 2021. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
  136. ^ "Combats chiens-ours : Royal Canin prend ses responsabilités". Fondation 30 Millions d'Amis (in French). 1 August 2013. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
  137. ^ "Royal Canin va financer un projet de défense des ours en Ukraine". www.20minutes.fr (in French). 31 July 2013. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
  138. ^ Quelles croquettes pour nos bêtes ? Quelles croquettes pour nos bêtes ? (in French), 6 October 2019, retrieved 2023-08-16
  139. ^ "Thức ăn cho chó". dogily.vn (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 2023-08-16.
  140. ^ "Polémique sur les croquettes : les grandes marques contre attaque en interne | Dur à Avaler" (in French). 22 October 2017. Retrieved 2023-08-16.

Bibliography

Read other articles:

Cimarron (novel)

1930 novel by Edna Ferber First edition (Doubleday, Doran) Cimarron is a novel by Edna Ferber, published in April 1930 and based on development in Oklahoma after the Land Rush. The book was adapted into a critically acclaimed film of the same name, released in 1931 through RKO Pictures. The story was again adapted for the screen by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and was released in 1960, to meager success. Background The Land Rush Main article: Oklahoma Land Race The Oklahoma Land Rush (also called the ...

 

 

徐国安 (上海警備區)

徐國安，男丶中共黨員丶中國人民解放軍少將军階 丶中国大陸政冶丶軍事人物丶中國解放軍陸軍將領。[1] 徐國安军事背景效忠 中国共产党 中华人民共和国服役 中国人民解放军军衔 陸軍少将 生平 曾任南京军区某炮兵旅旅长，自2013年1月起，任南通军分区司令员兼中共南通市市委常委至2020年，其后任上海警备区副司令员 並升為少將[2][3][4] [...

 

 

Медведев, Даниил Сергеевич

В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с такой фамилией, см. Медведев. Даниил Медведев Дата рождения 11 февраля 1996(1996-02-11) (27 лет) Место рождения Москва, Россия Гражданство  Россия Место проживания Монте-Карло, Монако Рост 198 см Вес 83 кг[2] Рабочая рука правая Удар сл

V. N. Khare

33rd Chief Justice of India Vishweshwar Nath KhareChancellor of the Central University of JharkhandIncumbentAssumed office August 2017Appointed byRam Nath KovindJudge of Supreme Court of IndiaIn office21 March 1997 – 01 May 2004Appointed byShankar Dayal Sharma33rd Chief Justice of IndiaAppointed byA. P. J. KalamPreceded byGopal Ballav PattanaikSucceeded byS. Rajendra Babu Personal detailsBorn (1939-05-02) 2 May 1939 (age 84)Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaAlma materAlla...

 

 

Resolusi 1217 Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa

Resolusi 1217Dewan Keamanan PBBPano Lefkara di bagian Yunani dari SiprusTanggal22 Desember 1998Sidang no.3.959KodeS/RES/1217 (Dokumen)TopikSituasi di SiprusRingkasan hasil15 mendukungTidak ada menentangTidak ada abstainHasilDiadopsiKomposisi Dewan KeamananAnggota tetap Tiongkok Prancis Rusia Britania Raya Amerika SerikatAnggota tidak tetap Bahrain Brasil Kosta Rika Gabon Gambia Jepang Kenya Portugal Slovenia ...

 

 

(8989) 1979 XJ

(8989) 1979 XJВідкриттяВідкривач Анрі Дебеонь,Едґар НеттоМісце відкриття Обсерваторія Ла-СільяДата відкриття 15 грудня 1979ПозначенняТимчасові позначення 1979 XJ 1992 WG1Категорія малої планети Астероїд головного поясуОрбітальні характеристики[1] Епоха 4 листопада 2013 (2 456 600,5 ...

Athletics at the 2007 Pan American Games – Women's 200 metres

International sporting eventAthletics at the2007 Pan American GamesTrack events100 mmenwomen200 mmenwomen400 mmenwomen800 mmenwomen1500 mmenwomen5000 mmenwomen10,000 mmenwomen100 m hurdleswomen110 m hurdlesmen400 m hurdlesmenwomen3000 msteeplechasemenwomen4×100 m relaymenwomen4×400 m relaymenwomenRoad eventsMarathonmenwomen20 km walkmenwomen50 km walkmenField eventsHigh jumpmenwomenPole vaultmenwomenLong jumpmenwomenTriple jumpmenwomenShot putmenwomenDiscus throwmenwomenHammer throwmenwomen...

 

 

Workers Defense Union

Free speech activist and union organizer Elizabeth Gurley Flynn was the creator and Secretary of the Workers Defense Union, established in November 1918. The Workers Defense Union (WDU) was a legal defense organization in the United States, established in New York City in November 1918 to lend aid in cases involving trade union and radical political activists. The group was organized by Industrial Workers of the World organizer Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, working closely with radical trade unioni...

 

 

Масьяф

Місто Масьяфараб. مصياف‎ Фортеця в Масьяфі Координати 35°03′55″ пн. ш. 36°20′31″ сх. д.H G O Країна  Сирія Сиріямухафаз ХамаВисота центру 447  мНаселення 37 109[1]  (2009)Часовий пояс UTC+2GeoNames 167046 МасьяфМасьяф (Сирія)  Масьяф у Вікісховищі Масьяф (араб. مص...

Lirich

Lirich ist ein Stadtteil im Westen des Oberhausener Stadtbezirks Alt-Oberhausen, zählte am 31. Dezember 2018 15.196 Einwohner[1] und hat eine Größe von ca. 3,40 km². In Lirich-Süd lag die 1850 abgeteufte Zeche Concordia, auf deren Gelände heute u. a. das Bero-Einkaufszentrum liegt. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Lage 2 Geschichte 3 Statistik 3.1 Statistik Lirich-Süd 3.2 Statistik Lirich-Nord 4 Religion 4.1 Evangelische Kirchengemeinde 4.2 Katholische Kirchengemeinde 5 Infrastru...

 

 

Institut de France

Institut de France Institut de France von der Pont des Arts aus gesehen Eingang zum Institut de France Kuppel des Institut de France Das Institut de France ist eine wissenschaftliche Vereinigung in Frankreich mit Sitz im Collège des Quatre Nations in Paris. Es wurde nach Auflösung der königlichen Akademien während der Französischen Revolution 1795 als Institut National des Sciences et Arts als Dachorganisation und oberstes Organ der neuen, nunmehr staatlichen Akademien gegründet und ver...

 

 

Hillhead High School

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Hillhead High School – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) School in Glasgow, ScotlandHillhead High SchoolThe main building of Hillhead High SchoolAddressOakfield AvenueGlasgow, G12 8LJSc...

Stob Ghabhar

Scottish mountain in Black Mount range Stob GhabharStob Ghabhar seen from the south east across Loch Tulla.Highest pointElevation1,089.2 m (3,573 ft)[1]Prominence392 m (1,286 ft)ListingMunro, MarilynCoordinates56°34′05″N 4°52′56″W / 56.56806°N 4.88222°W / 56.56806; -4.88222NamingEnglish translationgoats' peakLanguage of nameGaelicPronunciationScottish Gaelic: [ˈs̪t̪op ˈɣavəɾ]English approximation: stop-GAV-ər...

 

 

Dovetail Games

British video game developer and publisher Dovetail GamesTypeSubsidiaryIndustryVideo gamesFounded2008; 15 years ago (2008) as Rail Simulator Developments LtdFoundersPaul Jackson, Tim Gatland, Charlie McMickingHeadquartersChatham, Kent, United KingdomKey peoplePaul Jackson, Charlie McMicking, Steve Bainbridge, Jon Rissik, Graham PoydaProductsTrain Simulator (RailWorks)Train Sim WorldEuro FishingFishing Sim WorldNumber of employees170ParentFocus EntertainmentWebsitewww.dovetai...

 

 

Catalan constitutions

Constitutions Constitutions of CataloniaConstitucions de CatalunyaCompilation of 1702Catalan CourtsTerritorial extentPrincipality of CataloniaEnacted byCatalan CourtsEnacted1283 (first), 1706 (last)Effective1283Introduced byCount of BarcelonaRepealed byNueva Planta decrees (1716)Related legislationUsages of Barcelona Catalan / Valencian cultural domain Language History Literature Literature of Andorra Grammar Pronunciation Phonetic history IPA guide Spelling-to-sound charts Orthography A...

Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper

American magazine Frank Leslie's Illustrated NewspaperUSS Governor Milton by Frank Leslie's Illustrated NewspaperCategoriesLiterary and newsPublisherFrank LeslieFirst issue1855Final issue1922CountryUnited StatesFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, later renamed Leslie's Weekly, was an American illustrated literary and news magazine founded in 1855 and published until 1922. It was one of several magazines started by publisher and illustrator Frank Leslie. Throughout its existence, the weekly ...

 

 

Tell the Angels

2004 live album by Vika and LindaTell the AngelsLive album by Vika and LindaReleased3 May 2004 (2004-05-03) [1]RecordedThe Cornish Arms Hotel, (Melbourne) June / July / August 2003Genre Gospel music World music LabelMGM DistributionProducerVika and LindaVika and Linda chronology Love is Mighty Close(2002) Tell the Angels(2004) Between Two Shores(2006) Tell the Angels is the second live album by Australian vocal duo Vika & Linda Bull. The album was recorded a...

 

 

Kasteel van Opleeuw

Het Kasteel van Opleeuw is een kasteel te Gors-Opleeuw, gelegen aan Mettekovenstraat 2-4 en 3-5 aldaar. Het was de zetel van de Heren van Opleeuw. Geschiedenis De oudst bekende Heer was Jan van Opleeuw (2e helft 13e eeuw). De familie Van Opleeuw bleef in bezit van de heerlijkheid tot 1469, waarna ze kwam aan de familie Van Mettekoven, welke tot eind 18e eeuw de eigenaar bleef. Begin 19e eeuw kwam het kasteel, door huwelijk, in bezit van Baron de Woelmont, in 1905 werd het verkocht aan de fami...

The Night Siren

2017 studio album by Steve HackettThe Night SirenStudio album by Steve HackettReleased24 March 2017Recorded2014–2017StudioVariousGenreProgressive rockLength57:40LabelInside Out MusicProducer Steve Hackett Roger King Benedict Fenner Steve Hackett chronology The Total Experience Live In Liverpool(2016) The Night Siren(2017) Wuthering Nights: Live in Birmingham(2018) The Night Siren is the twenty-fourth studio album from English guitarist and singer-songwriter Steve Hackett, released o...

 

 

List of serving heads of state and government that have visited Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine

A number of foreign leaders have visited Russia during the after its invasion of Ukraine, meeting with the president of Russia, Vladimir Putin, and other officials, and visiting areas around the country. This list only includes heads of state and government that visited Russia while serving as the head of state or government. Map of Serving heads who visited Russia since the invasion of Ukraine State Head of state and/or government Date(s) of visit(s) Details of visit(s) References  Alge...

 

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!