Richard Butler, 1st Earl of Arran

Not to be confused with Charles Butler, 1st Earl of Arran.

The Right Honorable The Earl of Arran
Detail from the portrait below
Tenure	1662–1686
Born	15 July 1639
Died	25 January 1686(1686-01-25) (aged 46) London
Spouse(s)	1. Mary Stuart 2. Dorothy Ferrers
Issue Detail	Charlotte & others
Father	James, 1st Duke of Ormond
Mother	Elizabeth Preston

Richard Butler, 1st Earl of Arran (1639–1686) was Lord Deputy of Ireland from 1682 to 1684 while James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, his father, the Lord Lieutenant, was absent in England. He sat in the Irish House of Lords as Earl of Arran and in the English one as Baron Butler of Weston. When William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford was accused of treason during the Popish Plot, Arran braved the anti-Catholic hysteria and voted not guilty.

Birth and origins

Family tree

Richard Butler with his two wives, his parents, and other selected relatives.[a] Elizabeth Butler c. 1585 – 1628 Richard Preston 1st Earl Desmond d. 1628) Thomas Viscount Thurles bef. 1596 – 1619 Elizabeth Pointz 1587–1673 Elizabeth Preston 1615–1684 James 1st Duke 1610–1688 Richard of Kilcash 1615–1701 Thomas 6th Earl Ossory 1633–1680 Mary Stuart d. 1668 Richard 1st Earl Arran 1639–1684 Dorothy Ferrers d. 1716 Walter of Garryricken d. 1700 James 2nd Duke Ormond 1665–1745 Charles 1st Earl Arran 1671–1758 Charles 4th Baron 1675–1722 Charlotte Butler 1679–1725 Thomas of Garryricken d. 1738 Charles 1st Earl 1700–1762 Elizabeth Townshend d. 1785 John de jure 15th Earl d. 1766 Legend XXX Subject of the article XXX Earls & dukes of Ormond XXX Barons and Earls of Cornwallis

Richard was born on 15 July 1639,^[2] probably in Ireland.^[3] He was the fifth son of James Butler and his wife Elizabeth Preston. His father was then the 12th Earl of Ormond but would be elevated to marquess and duke. His father's family, the Butler dynasty, was Old English and descended from Theobald Walter, who had been appointed Chief Butler of Ireland by King Henry II in 1177.^[4]

Richard's mother was a second cousin once removed of his father as she was the granddaughter of Black Tom, the 10th Earl of Ormond. Her father, however, was Scottish, Richard Preston, 1st Earl of Desmond, a favourite of James I. Both his parents were Protestants. They had married on Christmas Day 1629.^[5]

Richard was one of ten siblings, but five of his brothers died in early childhood. He, his three surviving brothers and two sisters,^[6] are listed in his father's article.

Early life

In June 1647 Richard, together with James Dillon, 3rd Earl of Roscommon, was given as hostage to the English Parliament by his father.^[7] On 13 May 1662 he was created Baron Butler of Cloughgrennan, Viscount Tullogh and Earl of Arran (having purchased the Aran Islands) in the Peerage of Ireland, with a special remainder to his younger brother John, should his own male line fail.^[8] This precaution would prove inefficient as his younger brother died before him.

Richard Butler, 1st Earl of Arran, attributed to Godfrey Kneller

Marriages and children

Arran, as he was now, married twice. Both brides were rich heiresses.^[9] In September 1664 he married Mary Stuart, Baroness Clifton in her own right, daughter of James Stuart, 1st Duke of Richmond and 4th Duke of Lennox.^[10] She died in 1668 childless at the age of 16^[11] and was buried in St Canice's Cathedral, Kilkenny.^[12]

He married secondly Dorothy, daughter of John Ferrers of Tamworth Castle and his wife Anne, daughter of Sir Dudley Carleton.^[13]

Richard and Dorothy had four children:

1. James (1674–1676), died in infancy
2. Thomas (1675–1681), died in infancy
3. Charlotte (1679–1725), his only surviving child and heiress, who married Charles, 4th Baron Cornwallis^[14]
4. Thomas (1681–1685), died in infancy

Later life

On 27 August 1673, as a reward for his bravery in the sea fights against the Dutch in the Third Anglo-Dutch War, Arran was also created Baron Butler of Weston in the Peerage of England.^[15]

In 1680, when the Catholic William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford was tried for high treason in the bogus Popish Plot, Arran was one of 31 peers who voted not guilty. As the most junior English peer, Arran was the first to cast his vote; his vote of "not guilty" took some courage, given the prevailing hysteria whipped up against anyone who cast doubt on the veracity of the supposed plot. However, 55 peers voted guilty and Stafford was executed.

Arran was made Lord Deputy of Ireland in April 1682 when his father, the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, travelled to England, and held the post until August 1684 when his father returned.^[16] This honour came to him because his elder brother Ossory, who had been deputy from 1668 to 1669^[17] had died in 1680.^[18]

Death and timeline

Arran died of pleurisy in London on 25 January 1686^[19] and was buried in Westminster Abbey.^[20] As he died without surviving male issue, and his brother John had died before him, his titles became extinct. His only daughter, Charlotte, inherited the estate, which she brought her husband when she married Lord Cornwallis in 1699.

However, his three Irish titles would be recreated in 1693 for his nephew Charles Butler, who would be created Baron Butler of Cloughgrenan, Viscount Tullough, and Earl of Arran of the 1693 creation.

Timeline
Age	Date	Event
0	1639, 15 Jul	Born, probably at Kilkenny Castle[2]
3	1642, 30 Aug	Father created Marquess of Ormond[21]
7	1647, 19 Jun	Given as hostage to the English Parliament by his father[7]
9	1649, 30 Jan	King Charles I beheaded.[22]
20	1660, 29 May	Restoration of King Charles II[23]
22	1662, 13 May	Created Baron Butler of Cloughgrennan, Viscount Tullogh and Earl of Arran.[2]
25	1664, Sep	Married 1st Mary Stuart, Baroness Clifton[10]
28	1668, 4 Jul	First wife died childless.[11][12]
33–34	1673, before 7 Jun	Married 2ndly Elizabeth Ferrers[13]
34	1673, 27 Aug	Created Baron Butler of Weston in the Peerage of England[15]
37–38	1677	Brother John, Earl of Gowran, died.[24]
41	1680, 21 Jul	Eldest brother Thomas, Earl of Ossory, died.[18]
42	1682, Apr	Appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland to rule Ireland during his father's absence.[16]
45	1685, 6 Feb	Accession of King James II, succeeding King Charles II[25]
46	1686, 25 Jan	Died in London.[19]

Notes and references

Notes

1. This family tree is partly derived from the condensed Butler family tree pictured in Dunboyne.^[1] Also see the lists of siblings and children in the text.

Citations

1. Dunboyne 1968, pp. 16–17. "Butler Family Tree condensed"
2. Lodge 1789, p. 55, line 23. "Richard, born 15 June 1639 was created 13 May 1662 Baron Butler of Cloughgrennan, Viscount Tullogh, and Earl of Arran ..."
3. Murtagh 2004, p. 197, right column, bottom. "Butler, Richard, 1st Earl of Arran (1639–1686), army officer, was born 15 June 1639, probably in Ireland."
4. Debrett 1828b, p. 640. "Theobald le Boteler on whom that office [Chief Butler of Ireland] was conferred by King Henry II., 1177 ..."
5. Airy 1886, p. 53, line 2. "... the marriage took place on Christmas of the same year [1629] ..."
6. Perceval-Maxwell 2004, p. 130, right column, line 33. "... between 1632 and 1646 Elizabeth ... gave birth to eight sons including Richard Butler, five of whom died as children, and two daughters."
7. Meehan 1882, p. 211. "... his [Ormond's] second son, lord Richard Butler, with the earl of Roscommon, and Sir James Ware, had been sent to England as hostages for his performance of the articles in consideration of which he was to surrender Dublin to the English rebels."
8. Cokayne 1910, p. 225, line 3. "... was cr. [created] 13 May 1662, Baron Butler of Cloughgrennan, Viscount Tullogh, and Earl of Arran [I. [Ireland]], with a spec. rem. [special remainder], failing the heirs male of his body, to his younger br. [brother] John Butler."
9. Murtagh 2004, p. 198, left column, line 50. "His financial position was strengthened by his two marriages to substantial heiresses."
10. Lodge 1789, p. 56, line 10. "He first married in September 1664, the Lady Mary Steuart, only surviving child of James, Duke of Richmond and Lennox ..."
11. Murtagh 2004, p. 198, left column, line 52. "The first [marriage], in September 1664, was to Mary, Baroness Clifton of Leighton Bromswold in her own right (bap. 1651, d. 1668)."
12. Cokayne 1910, p. 225, line 21. "She [Mary] d. s.p. [died without issue] 4 July, and was bur. [buried] 19 Aug. 1668 at Kilkenny cathedral, aged 16."
13. Cokayne 1910, p. 225, line 22. "He m. [married], secondly, before 7 June 1673, Dorothy, da. [daughter] of John Ferrers, of Tamworth castle by Anne, da. of Sir Dudley Carleton."
14. Debrett 1828a, p. 174. "Charles, 4th lord [Cornwallis], m. [married] 1 June 1699 Charlotte, da. [daughter] and sole heiress of Richard Butler, Earl of Arran ..."
15. Cokayne 1910, p. 225, line 8. "In 1673 he distinguished himself in the sea fight with the Dutch., for which he was cr. [created], 27 Aug. 1673, Baron Butler of Weston, co. Huntingdon [E.]."
16. Bagwell 1916, p. 144. "Ormonde was in England from the end of April 1682 until August 1684, leaving his son Arran as Deputy ..."
17. Davies 2004, p. 227, bottom of right & top of left column. "Ossory spent much of 1668 and the first months of 1669 as his father's deputy in Ireland."
18. Cokayne 1895, p. 150, line 28. "He [Ossory} d. v.p. [predeceased his father] of a violent fever, after four days illness, 30 July 1680 ..."
19. Cokayne 1910, p. 225, line 24. "He [Richard] d. [died] in London, s.p.m.s. [without surviving male issue] 25, and was bur. [buried] 27 Jan. 1685/6 ..."
20. Chester 1876, p. 215. "1685/6 Jan. 27 Richard, Earl of Arran; [in the Abbey]"
21. Cokayne 1895, p. 149, line 27. "He was cr. [created] 30 Aug 1642 Marquess of Ormonde [I. [Ireland]];"
22. Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 17. "Charles I. ... exec. 30 Jan. 1649 ..."
23. Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 39. "Charles II. ... acc. 29 May 1660 ..."
24. Burke & Burke 1915, p. 1550, right column, line 31. "John, created Earl of Gowran 1676, m. [married] Lady Anne Chichester, dau. [daughter] of 1st Earl of Donegal, but d.s.p. [died without issue] 1677, when the dignity expired."
25. Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 46. "James II. ... acc. 6 Feb. 1685 ..."

Sources

• Airy, Osmund (1886). "Butler, James, twelfth Earl and first Duke of Ormonde (1610–1688)". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. VIII. New York: MacMillan and Co. pp. 52–60. OCLC 8544105.
• Bagwell, Richard (1916). Ireland under the Stuarts and under the Interregnum. Vol. III. London: Longmans, Green, and Co. OCLC 458582656. – 1660 to 1690
• Burke, Bernard; Burke, Ashworth Peter (1915). A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage and Baronetage, the Privy Council, Knightage and Companionage (77th ed.). London: Harrison. OCLC 1155471554.
• Chester, Joseph Lemuel (1876). Registers of Westminster Abbey. London: Private Edition. OCLC 1140248. – Marriages, baptisms and burials from about 1660 to 1875
• Cokayne, George Edward (1895). Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, or Dormant. Vol. VI (1st ed.). London: George Bell and Sons. OCLC 1180818801. – N to R (for Ossory under Ormond)
• Cokayne, George Edward (1910). Gibbs, Vicary (ed.). The complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant. Vol. I (2nd ed.). London: St Catherine Press. OCLC 228661424. – Ab-Adam to Basing (for Arran)
• Davies, J. D. (2004). "Butler, Thomas, sixth earl of Ossory (1634–1680)". In Matthew, Henry Colin Gray.; Harrison, Brian (eds.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 9. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 226–229. ISBN 0-19-861359-8.
• Debrett, John (1828a). Peerage of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. I (17th ed.). London: F. C. and J. Rivington. OCLC 54499602. – England
• Debrett, John (1828b). Peerage of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. II (17th ed.). London: F. C. and J. Rivington. OCLC 54499602. – Scotland and Ireland
• Dunboyne, Patrick Theobald Tower Butler, Baron (1968). Butler Family History (2nd ed.). Kilkenny: Rothe House.
• Fryde, Edmund Boleslaw; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I., eds. (1986). Handbook of British Chronology. Royal Historical Society Guides and Handbooks, No. 2 (3rd ed.). London: Offices of the Royal Historical Society. ISBN 0-86193-106-8. – (for timeline)
• Lodge, John (1789). Archdall, Mervyn (ed.). The Peerage of Ireland or, A Genealogical History of the Present Nobility of that Kingdom. Vol. IV. Dublin: James Moore. OCLC 264906028. – Viscounts (for Butler, Viscount Mountgarrett)
• Meehan, Rev. Charles Patrick (1882). The Confederation of Kilkenny (New revised and enlarged ed.). Dublin: James Duffy. OCLC 224157081.
• Murtagh, Harman (2004). "Butler, Richard, first earl of Arran (1639–1686)". In Matthew, Henry Colin Gray.; Harrison, Brian (eds.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 9. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 197–198. ISBN 0-19-861359-8.
• Perceval-Maxwell, Michael (2004). "Butler [née Preston] Elizabeth, duchess of Ormond and suo jure Lady Dingwall (1615–1684)". In Matthew, Henry Colin Gray.; Harrison, Brian (eds.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 9. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 130–131. ISBN 0-19-861359-8.

External links

• http://www.pepysdiary.com/p/5826.php

Peerage of Ireland
New creation	Earl of Arran (Ireland) 1662–1686	Extinct