Rice v. Collins

Rice v. Collins
Argued December 5, 2005
Decided January 18, 2006
Full case nameRice, Warden, et al. v. Collins
Docket no.04-52
Citations546 U.S. 333 (more)
126 S. Ct. 969; 163 L. Ed. 2d 824; 2006 U.S. LEXIS 913
Case history
PriorSuperior Court of California convicted defendant; California Court of Appeal upheld conviction, People v. Collins, No. B106939 (Dec. 12, 1997); Supreme Court of California denied petition for review; United States District Court for the Central District of California dismissed with prejudice respondent's petition for a writ of habeas corpus; reversed, 348 F.3d 1082 (9th Cir. 2003); cert. granted, 545 U.S. 1151 (2005).
Holding
Habeas corpus relief may not be granted on the basis of debatable inferences used to overturn the trial court's finding.
Court membership
Chief Justice
John Roberts
Associate Justices
John P. Stevens · Sandra Day O'Connor
Antonin Scalia · Anthony Kennedy
David Souter · Clarence Thomas
Ruth Bader Ginsburg · Stephen Breyer
Case opinions
MajorityKennedy, joined by unanimous
ConcurrenceBreyer, joined by Souter
Laws applied
28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(2)

Rice v. Collins, 546 U.S. 333 (2006), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States regarding a prosecutor's use of a peremptory challenge to remove a young African American woman, Juror 16, from a defendant's drug trial jury in a California court case, based on her youth and on her alleged "eye rolling" in answer to a question.[1][2][3] The defendant, Steven Martell Collins, challenged the striking of Juror 16, saying her exclusion was based on race, but the trial judge agreed that the prosecutor's reasons were race-neutral. The California Court of Appeal upheld the trial court's ruling, and the Federal District Court dismissed Collins' habeas corpus petition with prejudice. However, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed and remanded, stating that the dismissal was unreasonable based, among other reasons, on the lack of evidence that the eye rolling had occurred.[4]

History

In Batson v. Kentucky (1986) the Supreme Court ruled that a prosecutor cannot systematically use peremptory challenges to strike jurors based on race. The court set forth a three-step process in evaluating claims of discrimination. First, the defendant must present reasons that support the contention that the prosecutor's peremptory challenges were based on race. Second, the State must produce race-neutral explanations for the peremptory challenge. Third, the trial court must determine if the peremptory challenges were based on race or on other factors. In Georgia v. McCollum (1992) the Court ruled that the three-step procedure applied equally to the defense, and in J.E.B. v. Alabama ex rel. T.B. (1994) to challenges based on gender.[5] However the Court has always held, inter alia, the ultimate burden of proving or disproving racial motivation for the strike always falls on the party challenging the strike.[1]

Facts of the case

Steven Martell Collins, an African American male, was on trial in the superior court of Los Angeles County, California for possession of drugs with intent to distribute. Because he was a habitual criminal, he was eligible for California's Three Strikes sentencing law. During jury selection, the prosecutor removed an African American woman, Juror 16, on a peremptory challenge. When Collins contended that the juror was removed because of her race, the prosecutor listed race-neutral reasons for the challenge. These reasons included that the juror had "rolled her eyes" in response to a question, that because of her youth she may be tolerant of drugs, and that she lacked sufficient ties to the community.[1] The trial court stated that it did not see the rolling of the eyes by Juror 16 but agreed that she was youthful, and while noting that a white male juror was also dismissed for being youthful, ruled it would give the prosecutor "the benefit of the doubt" and allow the juror strike to stand.[1] Collins was convicted and received a 25-year sentence.

Appeals

Collins appealed his case to the California Courts of Appeal claiming his rights had been violated by the trial judge in allowing jury discrimination. The Court of Appeal rejected this claim, using the precedent giving greater deference to the trial court's finding regarding claims of racial bias. After the California Supreme Court denied review, Collins filed a petition for habeas corpus in the Federal District Court. The District Court conducted a full review and found the claim was without merit.

The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals reviewed the evidence and concluded that, since the trial court had not witnessed Juror 16's alleged "eye rolling", that the trial judge erred in accepting the prosecutor's version of the eye rolling incident. It noted that the prosecutor's credibility had been previously undermined by other erroneous statements. For example, the prosecutor said that Juror 19, another prospective African-American juror, was too youthful despite the fact that she was a grandmother and attempted to use gender as a basis for exclusion. On this basis, the court overturned Collins' conviction.

The U.S. Supreme Court granted a writ of certiorari.

Finding

The Supreme Court held that the Ninth Circuit's "attempt to use a set of debatable inferences to set aside the conclusion" fails to satisfy the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996.[1] The Court unanimously reversed and remanded, stating "Reasonable minds reviewing the record might disagree about the prosecutor's credibility, but on habeas review that does not suffice to supersede the trial court's credibility determination."[1]

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b c d e f Rice v. Collins, 546 U.S. 333 (2006). Public domain This article incorporates public domain material from this U.S government document.
  2. ^ "Foot Stomping & Eye Rolling - Effective Ways to Upset Your Parents?". Archived from the original on October 22, 2007. Retrieved October 28, 2007.
  3. ^ "Simon Cowell Defends Himself After Eye-Rolling". The San Francisco Chronicle. April 18, 2007. Retrieved October 28, 2007.
  4. ^ "Rice v. Collins". Duke Law School. Archived from the original on September 3, 2007. Retrieved October 28, 2007.
  5. ^ "Challenging peremptory challenges". American Psychological Association. September 8, 2005. Retrieved October 28, 2007.

Read other articles:

Governing body of association football in Croatia Croatian Football FederationUEFAFounded13 June 1912; 111 years ago (13 June 1912)HeadquartersZagrebFIFA affiliation17 July 1941(as Independent State of Croatia)[1]3 July 1992(as Croatia)[2]UEFA affiliation16 June 1993PresidentMarijan KustićWebsitehns-cff.hr The Croatian Football Federation (Croatian: Hrvatski nogometni savez, HNS) is the national governing body of football in Croatia. It was originally formed in 1...

 

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (مارس 2020) آدم روس معلومات شخصية الميلاد القرن 12[1]  الحياة العملية المهنة كاتب[1]،  وراهب[1]  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   آدم دي روس (بالفرنسية: Adam de Ross) كاتب م

 

 Nota: Para outras acepções, veja Paterno. Paterno Nacionalidade Império Romano Ocupação Oficial Paterno (em latim: Paternus) foi um oficial romano do século III, ativo durante o reinado do imperador Galiano (r. 253–268). Nada se sabe sobre ele, exceto que, em 267, ocupou o ofício de cônsul anterior com Arcesilau. Talvez possa ser identificado com o prefeito urbano de Roma Ovínio Paterno ou com o Paterno descrito numa inscrição fragmentada como cônsul ordinário, h...

El Méniaدائرة المنيعة   Distrito   Localização Localização do distrito dentro da província de GhardaïaLocalização do distrito dentro da província de Ghardaïa País  Argélia El Ménia é um distrito localizado na província de Ghardaïa, Argélia, e cuja capital é a cidade de mesmo nome, El Ménia. A população total do distrito era de 51 383 habitantes, em 2005.[carece de fontes?] Municípios O distrito é composto por dois ...

 

Jodenpoort Detail stadspanorama (ca. 1570) met St-Servaasbrug, 'overhangende' Augustijnenkerk en Jodenpoort (38) Locatie Locatie Maastricht, Jodenstraat - Bokstraat Status en tijdlijn Oorspr. functie stadspoort, Start bouw 13e eeuw? Afgebroken 1894 Eerste middeleeuwse stadswal met Jodenpoort (19) tussen Schuttenpoort (18) en Molenpoort (20) Portaal    Maastricht De Jodenpoort, vroeger ook wel Augustijnenpoort, Kool- of Lage Kolenpoort, Box-, Bakker- of Luchterpoort genoemd,[...

 

Artikel ini membutuhkan rujukan tambahan agar kualitasnya dapat dipastikan. Mohon bantu kami mengembangkan artikel ini dengan cara menambahkan rujukan ke sumber tepercaya. Pernyataan tak bersumber bisa saja dipertentangkan dan dihapus.Cari sumber: Cengkih – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Cengkih Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Plantae Divisi: Angiospermae (tanpa takson): Eudikotils (tanpa takson): Rosids Ordo: Myrtales Famili: Myrtaceae...

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (نوفمبر 2021) تُدار برامج رحلات الفضاء البشرية أو يجري البدء فيها أو التخطيط لها من قبل العديد من البلدان والشركات. حتى بداية القرن الحادي والعشرين، كانت برامج رحلات الف...

 

سريانية الاسم الذاتي ܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܣܘܼܪܝܵܝܵܐ (بالأبجدية السريانية وبخط الأسطرنجيلي) لفظ الاسم /lɛʃɑnɑ suʁijɑjɑ/ انتشار اللغة السريانية في العالم:   لغة إقليمية رسمية   لغة محكية أو/و ليتورجية لتجمعات ذات تواجد تاريخي   لغة محكية أو/و ليتورجية منتشرة بأعداد مهمة بين مها

 

اضغط هنا للاطلاع على كيفية قراءة التصنيف برص قزم   المرتبة التصنيفية جنس[1]  التصنيف العلمي النطاق: حقيقيات النوى المملكة: الحيوانات الشعبة: حبليات الطائفة: زواحف الرتبة: حرشفيات Squamata الفصيلة: برصيات Gekkonidae الجنس: برص قزم الاسم العلمي Tropiocolotes [1] تعديل مصدري - تعدي...

Canadian musician Matt MaysBackground informationBorn (1979-08-10) August 10, 1979 (age 44)Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaOriginDartmouth, Nova Scotia, CanadaGenresIndie rock, folk rock, art rockOccupation(s)Singer-songwriterInstrument(s)Vocals, guitar, harmonica, tenor saxophone, keyboardsYears active1990s–presentLabelsSonic RecordsMembersMatt MaysAdam BaldwinSerge SampsonLeith Fleming-SmithRyan StanleyDamien MoynihanPast membersJarrett MurphyTim Jim BakerMatt HammondAndy PatilRob CrowellLo...

 

American Catholic bishop His Excellency, The Most ReverendFrancis Joseph KaneAuxiliary Bishop Emeritus of ChicagoTitular Bishop of Sault Sainte MarieArchdioceseChicagoAppointedJanuary 24, 2003InstalledMarch 19, 2003RetiredJuly 3, 2018Other post(s)Titular Bishop of Sault Sainte MarieOrdersOrdinationMay 14, 1969by John CodyConsecrationMarch 19, 2003by Francis George, Raymond E. Goedert, and Ricardo Watty UrquidiPersonal detailsBorn (1942-10-30) October 30, 1942 (age 81)Chicago, I...

 

Frankfurt (Main) Taunusanlage Bahnsteig des BahnhofsFrankfurt (Main) TaunusanlageBahnsteig des BahnhofsFrankfurt (Main) Taunusanlage Daten Bauform Tunnelbahnhof Bahnsteiggleise 2 Abkürzung FFTA IBNR 8006691 Preisklasse 3 Eröffnung 1978 bahnhof.de Frankfurt (Main) Taunusanlage-1038946 Lage Stadt/Gemeinde Frankfurt am Main Ort/Ortsteil Westend Land Hessen Staat Deutschland Koordinaten 50° 6′ 50″ N, 8° 40′ 11″ O50.1138898.669722Koordinaten: 50° 6...

Period of Mexican history Not to be confused with Maximator. Plutarco Elías Calles, called the jefe máximo. He was seen as the de facto leader of Mexico during the Maximato. Part of a series on the History of Mexico Pre-Columbian The New Spain Spanish-Aztec War Viceroyalty of New Spain War of Independence First Empire First Republic Centralist Republic Texas Revolution Pastry War Mexican–American War Second Federal Republic La Reforma Reform War French intervention 1864–1928 Second Mexi...

 

Harbour in Northland Region, New Zealand Mangawhai HarbourLocationNorthland Region, New ZealandCoordinates36°06′S 174°35′E / 36.10°S 174.59°E / -36.10; 174.59 (Whangateau Harbour)River sourcesBob Creek, Mangawhai River, Tara CreekOcean/sea sourcesPacific OceanBasin countriesNew ZealandMax. length9.1 km (5.7 mi)Max. width0.94 km (0.58 mi)SettlementsMangawhai, Mangawhai Heads Location and extent of Mangwahai Harbour The Mangawhai ...

 

1976 studio album by The SpinnersHappiness Is Being with the SpinnersStudio album by The SpinnersReleasedJuly 1976StudioSigma Sound Studios(Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)Kaye-Smith Studios(Seattle, Washington)GenreR&BLength35:36LabelAtlanticProducerThom BellThe Spinners chronology Pick of the Litter(1975) Happiness Is Being with the Spinners(1976) Yesterday, Today, & Tomorrow(1977) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllmusic[1]Christgau's Record GuideB−[2&...

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for music. Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merge...

 

Cette page concerne l'année 2006 (MMVI en chiffres romains) du calendrier grégorien. Pour le nombre 2006, voir 2006 (nombre). Chronologies Données clés 2003 2004 2005  2006  2007 2008 2009Décennies :1970 1980 1990  2000  2010 2020 2030Siècles :XIXe XXe  XXIe  XXIIe XXIIIeMillénaires :Ier IIe  IIIe  Chronologies géographiques Afrique Afrique du Sud, Algérie, Angola, Bénin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroun, Cap-Vert, Cent...

 

American hip hop musician Jarobi WhiteWhite performing at Pitchfork Music Festival in 2017Born (1971-07-01) July 1, 1971 (age 52)Queens, New York City, U.S.Occupation(s)Musician, ChefKnown forFounding member of A Tribe Called Quest Jarobi White (born July 1, 1971) is an American hip hop artist, chef, and a founding member of alternative hip hop group A Tribe Called Quest, alongside members Q-Tip, Phife Dawg, and Ali Shaheed Muhammad. He left the group after the release of their debu...

КоммунаШампаньольChampagnolles 45°31′00″ с. ш. 0°38′00″ з. д.HGЯO Страна  Франция Регион Новая Аквитания Департамент Приморская Шаранта Округ Жонзак Кантон Сен-Жени-де-Сентонж История и география Площадь 17,03 км²[1] Часовой пояс UTC+1:00, летом UTC+2:00 Население Населени...

 

Private university in Uganda For the football club, see SC Victoria University. Victoria University UgandaMottoCome prepared to learn, Leave prepared to succeedTypePrivateEstablished2011; 12 years ago (2011)ChancellorMartin Aliker[1]Vice-ChancellorLawrence Muganga[2][3]Students1,500+ (2021)LocationKampala, Uganda00°18′49″N 32°35′21″E / 0.31361°N 32.58917°E / 0.31361; 32.58917CampusUrbanWebsitewww.vu.ac.ug/homeLocati...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!