Rhinantheae

Rhinantheae
Rhinanthus minor
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Orobanchaceae
Tribe:	Rhinantheae
Genera[1]
See text.
Synonyms[2]
Pedicularidae Duby 1828 Euphrasieae Benth. 1846 Euphrasiaceae Martynov 1820 Melampyraceae Rich. ex Hook. & Lindl. 1821

Rhinantheae is a tribe with fewer than 20 genera of herbaceous plants in the family Orobanchaceae.^[1]

Phylogeny

The phylogeny of the genera of Rhinantheae has been explored using DNA markers.^[3][4] Three assemblages can be distinguished in this tribe:

• Rhinanthus is the sister genus to Lathraea, and then to Rhynchocorys. These taxa are closely related to the core Rhinanteae.
• In the core Rhinantheae, Odontites sensu lato, including Bornmuellerantha and Bartsiella, is the sister genus to Bellardia, including Parentucellia and Bartsia canescens + B. mutica. These taxa are closely related to Hedbergia (including Bartsia decurva + B. longiflora) and Tozzia. In turn, these genera share phylogenetic affinities with Euphrasia, and then with Bartsia sensu stricto (Bartsia alpina).
• Melampyrum occupies an isolated, deep-branching position.

Genus-level cladogram of the Rhinantheae.

Rhinantheae               Melampyrum               Rhynchocorys               Lathraea   Rhinanthus   Core Rhinantheae               Bartsia sensu stricto (Bartsia alpina)             Euphrasia             Hedbergia   (including Bartsia decurva + B. longiflora)   Tozzia   Odontites sensu lato   (including Bartsiella   and Bornmuellerantha)             Bellardia             Neobartsia (New World Bartsia)   Parentucellia

The cladogram has been reconstructed from nuclear and plastid DNA molecular characters (ITS, rps16 intron and trnK region).[4][3]

The median crown age of Rhinantheae was estimated to be ca. 30 Myr.^[5]

Systematics

Rhinantheae is defined as the least inclusive crown clade that includes Pterygiella nigrescens, Rhinanthus cristagalli, Melampyrum pratense, and Tozzia alpina.^[1] It comprises 19 genera.

• Bartsia
• Bartsiella
• Bellardia
• Bornmuellerantha
• Euphrasia
• Hedbergia
• Lathraea
• Macrosyringion
• Melampyrum
• Nothobartsia
• Odontitella
• Odontites
• Parentucellia
• Pseuodbartsia
• Pterygiella
• Rhinanthus
• Rhynchocorys
• Tozzia
• Xizangia

References

1. McNeal, J. R.; Bennett, J. R.; Wolfe, A. D.; Mathews, S. (2013). "Phylogeny and origins of holoparasitism in Orobanchaceae". American Journal of Botany. 100 (5): 971–983. doi:10.3732/ajb.1200448. ISSN 0002-9122. PMID 23608647.
2. Kadereit, Joachim W. (2012-12-06). Flowering Plants · Dicotyledons: Lamiales (except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae). Springer Science & Business Media. p. 421. ISBN 978-3-642-18617-2.
3. Těšitel, Jakub; Říha, Pavel; Svobodová, Šárka; Malinová, Tamara; Štech, Milan (2010-10-28). "Phylogeny, Life History Evolution and Biogeography of the Rhinanthoid Orobanchaceae". Folia Geobotanica. 45 (4): 347–367. doi:10.1007/s12224-010-9089-y. ISSN 1211-9520. S2CID 39873516.
4. Scheunert, Agnes; Fleischmann, Andreas; Olano-Marín, Catalina; Bräuchler, Christian; Heubl, Günther (2012-12-14). "Phylogeny of tribe Rhinantheae (Orobanchaceae) with a focus on biogeography, cytology and re-examination of generic concepts". Taxon. 61 (6): 1269–1285. doi:10.1002/tax.616008.
5. Uribe-Convers, Simon; Tank, David C. (2015-11-01). "Shifts in diversification rates linked to biogeographic movement into new areas: An example of a recent radiation in the Andes" (PDF). American Journal of Botany. 102 (11): 1854–1869. doi:10.3732/ajb.1500229. ISSN 0002-9122. PMID 26542843.