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Rastosuchus; Temporal range: Guadalupian–Lopingian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Order:	†Temnospondyli
Suborder:	†Stereospondyli
Family:	†Rhinesuchidae
Genus:	†Rastosuchus; Dias et al., 2020
Species:	†R. hammeri
Binomial name
	†Rastosuchus hammeri; Dias et al., 2020

Rastosuchus is an extinct genus of stereospondyl temnospondyl within the family Rhinesuchidae. It contains one species, Rastosuchus hammeri, found in the Permian Rio do Rasto Formation of Brazil.

History of study

The name Rastosuchus hammeri was used as early as 1980 and then on several other instances,^[1]^[2]^[3] but because none of these usages formalized the name via a formal description, the name was considered to be a nomen nudum until formally described by Dias et al. (2020).^{[citation needed]} Some of the material was also previously mentioned without nomenclatural assignment.^[4]^[5] A partial description of a nearly complete skull now assigned to this taxon was presented by Barberena & Dias (1998),^[6] and the phylogenetic position (as the "Serra do Cadeado short-snouted rhinesuchid") was assessed by Eltink et al. (2016).^[7] The holotype is a pair of lower jaws because this was the first material informally associated with the name. The genus name refers to the Rio do Rasto Formation, with the common suffix -suchus for 'crocodile.' The species name honors William R. Hammer, who is best known for his work on Gondwanan fossil tetrapods.

Anatomy

In addition to the holotype and previously described complete skull, additional material includes fragmentary lower jaws and one partial postcranial skeleton including the pectoral girdle, hindlimb, vertebrae, and ribs. Specimens were collected from several localities and over a number of years. Based on the holotype, R. hammeri is diagnosed by many features, such as the presence of large teeth on all three coronoid bones, rather than denticles as in other rhinesuchids; a short symphysis; and various contacts between different mandibular bones.

Phylogenetic position

Below is the topology recovered by Eltink et al. (2016):^[7]

Eryops

	Konzhukovia

	Tryphosuchus

Stereospondyli

	Lapillopsis

	Peltobatrachus

Lydekkerina

	Mastodonsaurus

	Benthosuchus

Rhinesuchidae

Rhinesuchinae

	Rhineceps

	Rhinesuchus

Uranocentrodon

Australerpetinae

Broomistega

	Australerpeton

	Rastosuchus (Serra do Cadeado short-snouted)

Laccosaurus

BP-1-4473

	"Rhinesuchus" capensis

	Rhinesuchoides

References

^ Barberena, Mario C.; Dos Reis Correia, Norberto; Aumond, Juarez J. (1980). "Contribuição à estratigrafia e bioestratigrafia do Grupo Passa Dois na Serra do Cadeado (Nordeste do Paraná, Brasil)". Revista Brasileira de Geociências. 10: 268–275. doi:10.25249/0375-7536.1980268275 (inactive 1 November 2024).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
^ "The Gai-As Lake System, Northern Namibia and Brazil", Lake Basins Through Space and Time, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, pp. 87–108, 2000, doi:10.1306/st46706c6, ISBN 978-0-89181-052-0, retrieved 2022-03-13
^ Eltink, Estevan; Dias, Eliseu V. (2012). Gallo, V.; Silva, H.M.A.; Brito, P.M.; Figueiredo, F.J. (eds.). Temnospôndilos do Brasil: uma breve revisão e aspectos paleobiogeográficos. Editora Interciência. pp. 69–89. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
^ Dias, Eliseu V.; Kroeff, T. (2002). The lower jaw of the short-snouted amphibian from the Rio do Rasto Formation (Upper Permian) Brazil. Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia. p. 40.
^ Souza, Adriana S.; Vega, Cristina S. (2011). "Short-snouted skull, mandible, axial and apendicular skeleton materials of Temnospondyli amphibians (Rio do Rasto Formation, Paraná Basin, Brazil)". Ameghiniana. 48: R212.
^ Barberena, Mario C.; Dias, Eliseu V. (1998). "On the presence of a short- snouted rhinesuchoid amphibian in the Rio do Rasto Formation (Late Permian of Paraná Basin, Brazil)". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 70: 465–468.
^ ^a ^b Eltink, Estevan; Dias, Eliseu V.; Dias-da-Silva, Sérgio; Schultz, Cesar L.; Langer, Max C. (2015-10-15). "The cranial morphology of the temnospondylAustralerpeton cosgriffi(Tetrapoda: Stereospondyli) from the Middle-Late Permian of Paraná Basin and the phylogenetic relationships of Rhinesuchidae". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 176 (4): 835–860. doi:10.1111/zoj.12339. ISSN 0024-4082.