Rangaswamy Dhruvanarayana started his political journey as a student leader. In 1983, he joined the Congress as a party worker. In 1984, he held the position of president of the students’ union of Agriculture College, Hebbal, Bangalore. In the same year, he was also president of the National Students Union of India, Bangalore City. In 1986, he went on to serve as general secretary of the Karnataka State Youth Congress.
In 1999, he contested his first Vidhan Sabha elections from Santhemarahalli Constituency, which he lost. In 2004, he contested from the same constituency and won by a margin of a single vote defeating JD (secular) candidate A. R. Krishnamurthy.[4] In 2008, he contested the Vidhan Sabha elections from Kollegal constituency and won by a margin of 11,800 votes. Subsequently, he was elected to the 15th Lok Sabha from Chamarajanagara constituency with a margin of 4,020 votes.[2] Once again in 2014, he was elected to the 16th Lok Sabha as member of Parliament with a margin of 141,182 votes.[5] In 2019, Dhruvanarayan lost to Srinivasa Prasad in the 17th Lok Sabha elections by 12,716 votes.[6][7]