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Prehistoric Trackways National Monument
Prehistoric Trackways National Monument
	Location of Prehistoric Trackways National Monument within the United States
Location	Doña Ana County, NM, USA
Nearest city	Las Cruces, New Mexico
Coordinates	32°21′0″N 106°54′0″W / 32.35000°N 106.90000°W
Area	5,255 acres (2,127 ha)
Established	March 30, 2009
Governing body	Bureau of Land Management
Website	Prehistoric Trackways National Monument
U.S. National Monument

Prehistoric Trackways National Monument is a national monument in the Robledo Mountains of Doña Ana County, New Mexico, United States, near the city of Las Cruces. The monument's Paleozoic Era fossils are on 5,255 acres (2,127 ha)^[1] of land administered by the Bureau of Land Management.^[2] It became the 100th active U.S. national monument when it was designated on March 30, 2009.

Fossils

The Prehistoric Trackways National Monument site includes a major deposit of Paleozoic Era fossilized footprints in fossil mega-trackways of land animals, sea creatures, and insects. These are known as trace fossils or ichnofossils. There are also fossilized plants and petrified wood present, as well as plenty of marine invertebrate fossils including brachiopods, gastropods, cephalopods, bivalves, and echinoderms.^[3] Much of the fossilized material originated during the Permian Period and is around 280 million years old.^[2]

Some of the animals who may have left tracks in the Robledo Mountains include Dimetrodon, Eryops, Edaphosaurus, and multiple other pelycosaurs.^[4] There are at least 13 major trace fossils found at the monument, including Selenichnites (sel-EEN-ick-NIGHT eez) or moon-shaped trace, Kouphichnium (koof-ICK-nee-um) or light trace, Palmichnium (pal-ICK-nee-um) or palm [frond] trace, Octopodichnus (oct-toe-pod-ICK-nuss) or eight-footed trace, Lithographus (lith-oh-GRAFF-us) or rock writing, Tonganoxichnus (tong-a-nox-ICK-nuss) or Tonganoxie [Kansas] trace, Augerinoichnus (aw-gurr-EE-no-ICK-nuss) or Augerino trace, Undichna (und-ICK-nuh) or wave-shaped trace, Serpentichnus (serpent-ICK-nuss) or snake-like trace, Batrachichnus (baa-track ICK-nuss) or frog trace, Dromopus (dro-MOE-puss) or running foot, and Dimetropus (die-MEET-row-puss) or Dimetrodon foot.^[5]

The trackways can be difficult for the general public to find, as the monument is largely undeveloped with few facilities yet existing to aid fossil hunters. Many of the slabs pulled out by Jerry MacDonald are housed at the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, although they are not on display at this time. Guided hikes are periodically offered by BLM interpretive staff.^[2]

Geology

The monument lies along the western portion of the Rio Grande rift and is within part of the Robledo Mountains. It is made up of Cenozoic alluvium and intrusive rock and Paleozoic (Hueco Formation) sediments. The Hueco Formation is Early Permian strata. Most of the monument is Permian and would have been underwater or along the coast of what was once the Hueco Seaway. The tracks can be found in the red rock of the Robledo Mountains Member of the Hueco Formation.^[6]

Flora and fauna

The monument is situated at the northern tip of the Chihuahuan Desert. Some examples of plants within the monument are ocotillo, mesquite, creosote bush, prickly-pear cactus, Torrey yucca, barrel cactus, sotol, agave and snakeweed. A few of the animals that you may see are mule deer, rattlesnakes, desert cottontail, many species of lizards, and several species of birds.^[7]

Climate

On average the coolest month in the monument is January with an average high of 57 °F (14 °C), the hottest month is June with an average high temperature of 94 °F (34 °C), and the wettest month is August with about 2.52 inches (64 mm) of precipitation.^[8]

Discovery

In situ Paleozoic Era tracks were discovered on June 6, 1987 by Jerry Paul MacDonald. Scattered footprints had been found in the Robledos for almost fifty years prior to MacDonald starting his search. He used the recollections of local hikers, quarrymen, and fossil hunters to concentrate his search. This initial site was named the "Discovery Site". It is one of the best places in the monument for visitors to see fossilized tracks. Jerry MacDonald excavated three long trackways, carrying over 2500 slabs out from the site on his back. The majority of the slabs are housed in the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science in the Jerry MacDonald Paleozoic Trackways Collection. Two other continuous trackways are held in the Carnegie Museum of Natural History and Smithsonian.^[9]

Monument designation

Prehistoric Trackways National Monument was sponsored by Senators Jeff Bingaman (D-NM) and Pete Domenici (R-NM) and was part of the National Landscape Conservation System of the United States of America under the Omnibus Public Land Management Act, signed into law on March 30, 2009.^[10] It was the first national monument established under the Barack Obama administration, and the fourth established in 2009. At the time of its establishment, it was the 100th active national monument in the United States (not the 100th national monument ever designated, since some monuments were previously designated and later dissolved, but the 100th national monument still in operation).

Recreation

The Bureau of Land Management is in the process of writing a resource management plan for the monument to be completed in 2012. In the meantime, there are no developed hiking or equestrian trails, and only one interpretive sign. Roads are not maintained and there are no facilities. There are OHV and mountain bike trails, which are rugged and require appropriate skills and equipment.^[2]

References

^ ^a ^b "National Monument detail table as of April 2012" (PDF). Bureau of Land Management. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Prehistoric Trackways National Monument". Bureau of Land Management. May 31, 2011. Archived from the original on August 31, 2011. Retrieved August 4, 2011.
^ Kozur, Heinz W.; LeMone, David V. (1995). "The Shalem colony Section of the Abo and Upper Hueco Members of the Hueco formation of the Robledo Mountains, Dona Ana County, New Mexico: Stratigraphy and New Conodont Based Age Determinations". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 6: 39–55.
^ Lockley, M. (1995). Dinosaur tracks: and other fossil footprints of the western United States. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0231079266.
^ Lucas, S. (2011). Traces of a Permian Seacoast. Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of Natural History. ISBN 978-0615471709.
^ Lucas, S. G.; et al. (1995). "Geology of Early Permian tracksites, Robledo Mountains, south-central New Mexico". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 6: 13–32. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
^ "Chihuahuan Desert Field Guide - Plants". Chihuahuan Desert Education Coalition. Archived from the original on 2013-02-21. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
^ "Overview for Robledo Mountains". The Weather Channel. Archived from the original on 2012-10-24. Retrieved 2011-08-06.
^ MacDonald, J. (1994). Earths First Steps. Boulder Co.: Johnson Printing. ISBN 978-0585036632.
^ United States Congress (October 3, 2009). "Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009, Title II". Retrieved 2012-12-27.