Polyphagia

For the ecological concept, see Hyperphagia (ecology).

Polyphagia
Other names	Hyperphagia
Specialty	Endocrinology, Psychiatry

Polyphagia or hyperphagia is an abnormally strong, incessant sensation of hunger or desire to eat often leading to overeating.^[1] In contrast to an increase in appetite following exercise, polyphagia does not subside after eating and often leads to rapid intake of excessive quantities of food. Polyphagia is not a disorder by itself; rather, it is a symptom indicating an underlying medical condition. It is frequently a result of abnormal blood glucose levels (both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia), and, along with polydipsia and polyuria, it is one of the "3 Ps" commonly associated with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.^[2]

Etymology

The word polyphagia (/ˌpɒliˈfeɪdʒiə/) uses combining forms of poly- + -phagia, from the Greek words πολύς (polys), "very much" or "many", and φᾰ́γω (phago), "eating" or "devouring".

Underlying conditions and possible causes

Polyphagia is one of the most common symptoms of diabetes mellitus. It is associated with hyperthyroidism and endocrine diseases, e.g., Graves' disease, and it has also been noted in Prader–Willi syndrome and other genetic conditions caused by chromosomal anomalies. It is only one of several diagnostic criteria for bulimia and is not by itself classified as an eating disorder. As a symptom of Kleine–Levin syndrome, it is sometimes termed megaphagia.^[3]

Knocking out vagal nerve receptors has been shown to cause hyperphagia.^[4]

Changes in hormones associated with the female menstrual cycle can lead to extreme hunger right before the period. Spikes in estrogen and progesterone and decreased serotonin can lead to cravings for carbohydrates and fats.^[5]

Polyphagia is found in the following conditions:^[6]

• Chromosome 22q13 duplication syndrome
• Chromosome 2p25.3 deletion (MYT1L Syndrome)
• Chromosome Xq26.3 duplication syndrome
• Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1
• Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2
• Diabetes mellitus type 1
• Familial renal glucosuria
• Frontotemporal dementia
• Frontotemporal dementia, ubiquitin-positive
• Graves' disease
• Hypotonia-cystinuria syndrome
• Kleine–Levin syndrome
• Leptin deficiency or dysfunction
• Leptin receptor deficiency
• Luscan-Lumish syndrome
• Macrosomia adiposa congenita
• Mental retardation, autosomal dominant 1
• Obesity, hyperphagia, and developmental delay (OBHD)
• Pick's disease
• Prader–Willi syndrome
• Proopiomelanocortin deficiency
• Schaaf-yang syndrome

Polyphagia in diabetes

Diabetes mellitus causes a disruption in the body's ability to transfer glucose from food into energy.^{[clarification needed]} Polyphagia in type 2 diabetes is usually not as apparent as the polyphagia in type 1 diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, it probably results from cellular starvation and the depletion of cellular stores of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.^[5][7]

See also

• Anorexia
• Binge eating
• Charles Domery
• Compulsive overeating
• Counterregulatory eating
• Eating disorder
• Effects of cannabis
• Erysichthon of Thessaly
• Hedonic hunger
• Tarrare

References

1. "Polyphagia". Human Phenotype Ontology. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
2. Diabetes.co.uk
3. Critchley M (December 1962). "Periodic hypersomnia and megaphagia in adolescent males". Brain. 85 (4): 627–56. doi:10.1093/brain/85.4.627. PMID 14023898.
4. de Lartigue G, Ronveaux CC, Raybould HE (2014). "Deletion of leptin signaling in vagal afferent neurons results in hyperphagia and obesity". Molecular Metabolism. 3 (6): 595–607. doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2014.06.003. PMC 4142400. PMID 25161883.
5. "Polyphagia". Cleveland Clinic. 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
6. "Polyphagia (Concept Id: C0020505) - MedGen - NCBI".
7. Grossman, Sheila (2014). Porth's Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States (9th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1314. ISBN 978-1-4698-8829-3.

External links

• Diseases and conditions associated with Polyphagia