Pierre Chambon (French pronunciation:[pjɛʁʃɑ̃bɔ̃]; born 7 February 1931 in Mulhouse, France) was the founder of the Institute for Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology [fr] in Strasbourg, France.[2] He was one of the leading molecular biologists who utilized gene cloning and sequencing technology to first decipher the structure of eukaryotic genes and their modes of regulation. His major contributions to science include the identification of RNA polymerase II (B)[nb 1], the identification of transcriptional control elements, the cloning and dissection of nuclear hormone receptors, revealing their structure and showing how they contribute to human physiology. His group was also one of the first to demonstrate, biochemically and electron-microscopically, that the nucleosome is the smallest unit of chromatin (Cell, Vol. 4, 281–300, 1975). He accomplished much of his work in the 1970s – 1990s.
^Chambon named his three polymerases A, B, C. The now-more-common designations I, II, III were the nomenclature used by Robert G. Roeder and William J. Rutter.
