The Phoenicia was built by the Lebanese businessman Najib Salha, who founded La Société des Grands Hotels du Liban (SGHL) in 1953. It was designed by the noted American architect Edward Durell Stone, working with American architect Joseph Salerno[2] and local architects Ferdinand Dagher and Rodolphe Elias. The design showed Levantine influences in its high ceilings, sweeping staircases and palatial pillars.[3] The hotel's interiors and furniture were contracted to the New York firm of William M. Ballard[4] and were designed by Neal Prince, who was responsible for the interior decoration of most Intercontinental Hotels at the time.[2]
The hotel opened to the public on 23 December 1961, as the Phoenicia Intercontinental, managed by the American Intercontinental Hotels chain. However its grand opening was not celebrated until three months later, on 31 March 1962, when Lebanese Prime Minister Rashid Karami presided over the ribbon-cutting ceremony and actress Dorothy Dandridge sang in the Le Paon Rouge nightclub as the guest of honour. The hotel had 310 rooms and suites, shops, restaurants and a swimming pool with a bar.[5] In 1966, Intercontinental Hotels added a hyphen to its name, and the hotel was slightly renamed, becoming the Hotel Phoenicia Inter-Continental.[6]
The hotel was an immediate success, operating at near constant 100 percent occupancy. As a result, plans were made to expand it. An adjacent property was purchased by SGHL in 1963. Local architect Joseph Philippe Karam was commissioned to design a 22-story, 270-room addition, which opened on 19 April 1968, increasing the number of rooms at the hotel to 600.[7]
The hotel became a battlefield in the Lebanese Civil War in 1975–6, during fighting known as the Battle of the Hotels between the Lebanese National Movement and the Lebanese Front, and was left a burnt-out ruin. It was abandoned for nearly twenty-five years until the late 1990s, when Mazen and Marwan Salha, Najib Salha's sons and members of the board of directors of SGHL, decided to restore the hotel.
It reopened on 22 March 2000, as the Phoenicia Inter-Continental Beirut, following a $100 million restoration project to designs by architects Hellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum. Inter-Continental Hotels was reorganized as InterContinental Hotels Group in 2003, and the hotel's name was modified slightly, losing the hyphen and becoming the Phoenicia InterContinental Beirut. In July 2003, a third tower, the Phoenicia Residence, consisting of 35 luxury apartments, was opened. The Phoenicia was damaged in the 2005 bombing assassination of Rafik Hariri in the street out front and closed for three months for repairs. In 2011, it underwent a US$50 million revamp that coincided with its 50-year anniversary.[8] In 2012, it was rebranded as the Phoenicia Hotel Beirut, dropping the use of the InterContinental name, though it remained a part of the worldwide chain.[9]
The hotel closed on 5 August 2020, due to damage from the 2020 Beirut explosion the previous day.[10] The Phoenicia Residences tower, containing 35 luxury apartments, reopened in July 2022. The hotel reopened on 3 October 2022 as InterContinental Phoenicia Beirut,[11] with 193 rooms in the original 1961 Phoenician tower, as well as the hotel's restaurants and banquet facilities. On the occasion of the grand reopening, Mazen and Marwan Salha were awarded the National Order of the Cedar, the highest state order in Lebanon, by Prime MinisterNajib Mikati.[12] The 1968 Roman Tower, with 253 rooms, reopened in June 2023.[13]
