Philip Knight Wrigley (December 5, 1894 – April 12, 1977) was an American chewing gum manufacturer and a Major League Baseball executive, inheriting both of those roles as the quiet son of his much more flamboyant father, William Wrigley Jr.
While the gum industry prospered, the Cubs grew less competitive over the decades. After an appearance in the 1945 World Series, they only had seven winning seasons in the next 32 years, including 16 straight non-winning seasons from 1947 to 1962. They did have a brief flurry of success (although no pennant-winning season) in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Although resisting installing lights at Wrigley Field, in order to donate the light standards to the military during wartime,[3] Wrigley was innovative in other ways. In 1961, he abolished the traditional field manager and coaches structure and instead established a "College of Coaches".[4] This anticipated the specialization of coaches, which later became standard practice. His one mistake, however, was not having a manager. Instead, he opted to have the various coaches as a "head coach." Without firm and consistent leadership, the Cubs continued to languish in the standings, despite having Cubs greats Ernie Banks, Ron Santo, and Billy Williams on the roster. Amid constant ridicule from the media and players, Wrigley dropped the head coach idea and hired Leo Durocher as the Cubs' manager in 1966.
Like his father, Wrigley was a strong believer in maximizing media coverage. He hired Otis Shepard and Dorothy Shepard to assist him with his advertising needs.[8] Starting in the 1920s, the Cubs' games were covered extensively on the radio, sometimes by competing stations at the same time, for minimal fees. In the post-World War II era, when baseball was booming, Wrigley continued this practice, allowing WGN-TV to carry all the home games as well as a significant number of road games. Some owners were aghast at Wrigley's "giving away the product", but it paid manifold dividends in the long run, as the evolution of WGN-TV into a superstation developed a truly nationwide fan base for the Cubs, resulting in nearly constant sellout crowds at "Beautiful Wrigley Field", regardless of the fortunes of the team at a given time.
Wrigley was a fairly visible presence with the Cubs in his younger years, but was seldom seen attending games during his final few decades of ownership, making his presence known mostly through memos and sometimes full-page newspaper ads. The Sporting News once reported that utility playerPete LaCock—best known for being the son of TV personality Peter Marshall and for his unique sense of humor—had made a trip to the Wrigley Building and asked for an audience with Wrigley. Wrigley asked LaCock what he wanted, and he answered, "Nothing. I just wanted to see if you really exist!"[9]
Continuing the environmental stewardship of his father, Wrigley established the Catalina Island Conservancy in 1972, and donated his family's ownership of most of Santa Catalina Island, 26 miles (42 km) off the coast of Los Angeles, to the conservancy.[10]
After Wrigley died, his son William III became president of the Cubs.[11] Only a few months later, Wrigley's widow died as well, saddling William III with massive estate taxes. William III was forced to sell the Cubs to the Tribune Company in 1981, ending over 60 years of Wrigley association with the team, except for the name of the ballpark itself, which remains Wrigley Field.
