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Peter Marler
Peter Marler
Born	February 24, 1928; Slough, England
Died	July 5, 2014 (aged 86); Davis, California
Alma mater	University College London (PhD); University of Cambridge;
Awards	ForMemRS (2008); Guggenheim Fellow (1964);
	Scientific career
Institutions	University of California, Davis
Theses	A preliminary study of the post-glacial history of the Esthwaite Valley (1952); Studies on the behaviour of the chaffinch (1955);

Peter Robert Marler ForMemRS (February 24, 1928 – July 5, 2014)^[1] was a British-born American ethologist and zoosemiotician known for his research on animal sign communication and the science of bird song. A 1964 Guggenheim Fellow,^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] he was emeritus professor of neurobiology, physiology and ethology at the University of California, Davis.^[6]

Education

Born in Slough, England,^[7] Marler graduated from University College London with a BSc in 1948, and a Ph.D. in botany in 1952. In 1954, he graduated from the University of Cambridge with a second Ph.D. in zoology.^{[citation needed]}

Career

From 1954 to 1956, he worked as a research assistant to William Homan Thorpe and Robert Hinde at Jesus College, Cambridge. In 1957, he became a professor at the University of California, Berkeley. In 1966, he became a professor at Rockefeller University, in 1969 became director of the Institute for Research in Animal Behavior, a collaboration between the New York Zoological Society (now the Wildlife Conservation Society) and Rockefeller University and in 1972 became director of the Field Research Center for Ethology and Ecology.

In 1989, Marler became a professor at the University of California, Davis. He retired in 1994, but took over the management of the local Center for Animal Behavior from 1996 to 2000. He died on July 5, 2014, of pneumonia while his family was evacuated from his Winters home because of the nearby Monticello wildfire.^[8]

Research

Marler was an internationally recognized researcher in the field of bird song.^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12] Through his work with songbirds, he helped gain fundamental insights into the acquisition of song. He also studied the development of communication skills in several primate species: chimpanzees and gorillas, along with Jane Goodall and Hugo van Lawick, and the southern green monkey, in collaboration with Tom Struhsaker, Dorothy Cheney and Robert Seyfarth. Peter Marler developed the first properly semiotic approach to animal communication.^[13] His work greatly informed our understanding of memory, learning, and the importance of auditory and social experience. His work group included many well-known ornithologist and behavioral scientists, including Masakazu Konishi, Fernando Nottebohm, Susan Peters, Don Kroodsma, Christopher Clark, Bill Searcy, Steve Nowicki, Ken Yasukawa, and John Wingfield.

Awards and honours

Marler was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1970,^[14] the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1971,^[15] and the American Philosophical Society in 1983.^[16] Marler was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 2008. His nomination reads:

Peter Marler is an extraordinarily distinguished behavioural biologist. He and his many graduate students, post doctoral workers and colleagues have played a central role in elucidating mechanisms of development of behaviour and the brain. In particular, Marler is known for his work on the development of bird song, showing the subtle interactions between environmental influences and an individual's predispositions. This work has had a far reaching impact on studies of development in behaviour, linguistics, and psychology. Marler's outstanding contributions have been recognized by many prizes, memberships of acaedemies and other awards.^[17]

Selected publications

Palleroni, A., M. Hauser & P. Marler (2005). "Do responses of galliform birds vary adaptively with predator size?" Animal Cognition. (8): 200–210.
Partan, S.R.; P. Marler (2005) "Issues in the classification of multimodal communication signals". American Naturalist. (166): 231–245.
Palleroni, A., C.T. Miller, M. Hauser, & P. Marler (2005). "Prey plumage adaptation against falcon attack". Nature. (434): 973–974.
Nelson, D.A. & P. Marler (2005). "Do bird nestmates learn the same songs?" Animal Behaviour. (69): 1007–1010.
Marler, P. (2005). "Ethology and the origins of behavioral endocrinology". Hormones and Behavior. (47): 493–502.
Marler, P. (2004). "Science and birdsong: The good old days". In: Nature's Music: The Science of Birdsong, P. Marler & H. Slabbekoorn (eds.). Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 1–38.
Marler, P. (2000). "Origins of music and speech: insights from animals". In: The Origins of Music, N. Wallin, B. Merker, and S. Brown (eds.). Cambridge: The MIT Press, 31–48.
Marler P. (1999). "How much does a human environment humanize a chimp". American Anthropologist. (101): 432–436.
Marler P. and DF Sherry (1999). "The nature and nurture of developmental plasticity". Proceedings of the 22nd International Ornithological Congress. Durban South Africa: University of Natal Press.
Marler, P. (1978). Affective and symbolic meaning: Some zoosemiotic speculations. In Thomas A. Sebeok (ed.): Sight, Sound and Sense. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 113–123.
Marler, P (1970). "Birdsong and speech development: could there be parallels?". American Scientist. 58 (6): 669–673. JSTOR 27829317. PMID 5480089.

References

^ ^a ^b Nottebohm, Fernando (2014). "Peter Marler (1928–2014) Pioneering interpreter of animal language". Nature. 512 (372): 372. doi:10.1038/512372a. PMID 25164741.
^ "Peter Robert Marler - John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation". Gf.org. Archived from the original on 26 February 2014. Retrieved 9 July 2014.
^ Peter Marler Papers Archived 8 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine at Special Collections Dept., University Library, University of California, Davis
^ "Article on the Monticello Fire and Peter Marler's Passing". Archived from the original on 8 July 2014. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
^ Peter Marler's publications indexed by the Scopus bibliographic database. (subscription required)
^ "Peter Marler". Biosci3.ucdavis.edu. 21 May 2010. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 9 July 2014.
^ Vitello, Paul (27 July 2014). "Peter Marler, Graphic Decoder of Birdsong, Dies at 86". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
^ "Obituary: UC Davis scientist Peter Marler, 86, pioneered research on how birds 'talk' - Obituaries - The Sacramento Bee". Sacbee.com. 8 July 2014. Archived from the original on 10 July 2014. Retrieved 9 July 2014.
^ Seyfarth, R. M.; Cheney, D. L.; Marler, P (1980). "Monkey responses to three different alarm calls: Evidence of predator classification and semantic communication". Science. 210 (4471): 801–3. Bibcode:1980Sci...210..801S. doi:10.1126/science.7433999. PMID 7433999.
^ Partan, S; Marler, P (1999). "Communication goes multimodal". Science. 283 (5406): 1272–3. doi:10.1126/science.283.5406.1272. PMID 10084931. S2CID 39412136.
^ Seyfarth, R. M.; Cheney, D. L.; Marler, P. (1980). "Vervet monkey alarm calls: Semantic communication in a free-ranging primate". Animal Behaviour. 28 (4): 1070–1094. doi:10.1016/S0003-3472(80)80097-2. S2CID 53165940.
^ Marler, P. (1955). "Characteristics of Some Animal Calls". Nature. 176 (4470): 6–8. Bibcode:1955Natur.176....6M. doi:10.1038/176006a0. S2CID 4199385.
^ Timo Maran, Morten Tønnessen, Kristin Armstrong Oma, Laura Kiiroja, Riin Magnus, Nelly Mäekivi, Silver Rattasepp, Paul Thibault, Kadri Tüür 2016. Animal Umwelten in a Changing world: Zoosemiotic Perspectives (Tartu Semiotics Library 19). Tartu: University of Tartu Press, p. 18.
^ "Peter Robert Marler". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
^ "Peter Marler". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
^ "EC/2008/49: Marler, Peter Robert". London: The Royal Society. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022.