Hammond was born in 1963 in Detroit, Michigan[11] as Paula Therese Goodwin to parents Jesse Francis and Della Mae Goodwin (née McGraw). Her father has a Ph.D in Biochemistry and her mother has a master's degree in nursing.[12]
In 1988, she returned to MIT to earn her Ph.D. in chemical engineering (granted in 1993).[12] At MIT she worked under the supervision of Michael F. Rubner. Her Ph.D. thesis research focused on synthesizing polymers with mechanochromic properties.[11] After completing her Ph.D., Hammond was a NSF Postdoctoral Fellow with George M. Whitesides in the chemistry department at Harvard University.
Research and career
In 1995 Hammond was appointed to Massachusetts Institute of Technology as an Assistant Professor.[11] Hammond and her lab uses understanding of secondary interactions to guide materials assembly at surfaces and in solution to design polymers and nanoparticles for applications in drug delivery; wound healing; and energy and fuel cells.[17][18] Her work involves Layer by layer (LbL) assembly, which builds films of alternating positively and negatively charged molecules.[19] Additionally, her lab works with nanoparticle drug carriers for targeted nanoparticle drug, gene, and siRNA delivery for cancer treatment as well as artificial polypeptides and polymeric nucleic acids to engage biology and build novel drug systems.
Medical applications
Hammond has developed "stealth polymers" to disguise cancer chemotherapeutics contained in nanoparticles so that they can reach tumors.[20] She also works on ways to transport RNA into cells to either increase[21] or decrease the expression of specific genes.[22]
Hammond cofounded MIT's Institute for Soldier Nanotechnology, a partnership between MIT, the Army, and industry partners to develop nanotechnology to improve soldier "protection and survivability."[23][14] As part of this program, Hammond designed a spray that helps blood clot to prevent blood loss.[14]
Hammond developed LayerForm™️ technology to build drug delivery films with alternating drug and polymer layers. In 2013, she co-founded a biotechnology company, LayerBio Inc. to commercialize LayerForm™️ for regenerative medicine applications.[24][18]
Hammond is a member of the board of directors for Alector, a biotech company focusing on immuno-neurology.[25] She is also a member of the board of director for Burroughs Wellcome Fund.[26]
Energy and fuel cells
Hammond also works on the development of polymers for use in batteries thin films of carbon microtubules that can be used in batteries, solar cells, and fuel cells.[4] She presented research on virus-based batteries to Barack Obama in 2009.[14]
Honors and recognitions
Hammond has received multiple honors and awards throughout her career. As a graduate student in 1992, she was awarded a Ford Foundation Dissertation Fellowship from the National Academy of Sciences.[27] Her postdoc was supported by an NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Chemistry, awarded in 1994. Since joining the faculty at MIT, Hammond has amassed several plaudits, with early career highlights including an Environmental Protection Agency Early Career Research Award[28] in 1996 and an NSF CAREER Award for Young Investigators[29] in 1997. In 2013, Hammond was one of three African-American female fellows to be elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She was elected to the National Academy of Medicine[30] and the National Academy of Engineering[31] in rapid succession in 2016 and 2017, respectively, the National Academy of Sciences[32] in 2019 and finally the National Academy of Inventors[8] in 2021.
Hammond, Paula T (1999). "Recent explorations in electrostatic multilayer thin film assembly". Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science. 4 (6): 430–442. doi:10.1016/S1359-0294(00)00022-4.
