Patuxent Formation

Patuxent Formation
Stratigraphic range: Aptian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
. View at School House Hill, Baltimore County, Maryland showing the Patuxent Formation overlain by the Arundel Formation
Type	Sedimentary
Unit of	Potomac Group
Underlies	Arundel Formation
Overlies	Basement
Thickness	up to 250 feet (80 m)
Lithology
Primary	Sand, Gravel
Other	Clay
Location
Region	Atlantic coastal plain
Country	U.S.A.
Extent	Maryland, Washington D. C., Delaware, Virginia
Type section
Named for	Patuxent River
Named by	W. B. Clark, 1897[1]

Outcrop along railroad cut in Harford County

The Patuxent Formation is a Cretaceous geologic formation of the Atlantic coastal plain.

Description

The Patuxent formation was first described by William Bullock Clark in 1897.^[1] The formation is primarily unconsolidated white-grey or orange-brown sand and gravel, with minor clay and silt. The sand often contains kaolinized feldspar, making it an arkose. Clay lumps are common, and sand beds gradually transition to clay. Sandy beds may be crossbedded, which is evidence of shallow water origin.

The Patuxent is the basal unit of the Coastal Plain sedimentary formations and unconformably overlies the crystalline basement rocks. This underlying unconformity is the subsurface equivalent of the Atlantic Seaboard Fall Line.

Fossils

Propanoplosaurus, a nodosaurid known from a single natural cast and mold of a hatchling, was found recovered from rocks belonging to the Patuxent Formation in Maryland.^[2]

Fossil stegosaur tracks have been reported from the formation.^[3]

E. Dorf (1952)^[4] compared the flora identified in the Patuxent to that of the Wealden Flora in England studied by Albert Seward.^[5]

Pollen spores have been identified in the formation by G. J. Brenner (1963).^[6][7]

Notable exposures

The type locality is the upper and lower valleys of the Little Patuxent River and Big Patuxent River in Maryland.

Economic value

The Patuxent is a notable aquifer in southern Maryland.^[8]

Age

Biostratigraphic dating by Dorf (1952) confirmed Early Cretaceous (Neocomian) age.^[4]

See also

• List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
  • List of stratigraphic units with ornithischian tracks
    • Stegosaur tracks

Footnotes

1. Clark, W.B. (1897). Outline of present knowledge of the physical features of Maryland (Report). Volume Series. Vol. 1. Maryland Geological Survey. pp. 172–188.
2. Stanford, Ray; Weishampel, David B.; Deleon, Valerie B. (2011). "The First Hatchling Dinosaur Reported from the Eastern United States: Propanoplosaurus marylandicus (Dinosauria: Ankylosauria) from the Early Cretaceous of Maryland, U.S.A." Journal of Paleontology. 85 (5): 916–924. doi:10.1666/10-113.1.
3. Weishampel, et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution." Pp. 517-607.
4. Dorf, Erling (1952-11-01). "Critical Analysis of Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Paleobotany of Atlantic Coastal Plain". American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin. 36 (11): 2161–2184. doi:10.1306/5CEADBC6-16BB-11D7-8645000102C1865D.
5. Seward, A. C., The Wealden Flora, 2 vols, 1894-95.
6. Brenner, Gilbert J. (1963). "The spores and pollen of the Potomac Group of Maryland" (PDF). Maryland Geological Survey Bulletin. 27: 215.
7. Brenner, Gilbert J. (1963-02-21). The Spores and Pollen of the Potomac Group of Maryland. Science. Vol. 143, no. 3608. p. 795. doi:10.1126/science.143.3608.795.a.
8. Curtin, Stephen E.; Andreasen, David C.; Staley, Andrew W. (2009). Potentiometric surface of the Patuxent aquifer in Southern Maryland, September 2007 (Map). U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report. U.S. Geological Survey.

References

• Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. 861 pp. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.