A variety of meta-analyses have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of paroxetine in depression. They have variously concluded that paroxetine is superior or equivalent to placebo and that it is equivalent to other antidepressants.[26][27][28] Despite this, there was no clear evidence that paroxetine was better or worse compared with other antidepressants at increasing response to treatment at any point in time.[29]
Anxiety disorders
Paroxetine was the first antidepressant approved in the United States for the treatment of panic disorder.[30][page needed] Several studies have concluded that paroxetine is superior to placebo in the treatment of panic disorder.[28][31]
Paroxetine has demonstrated efficacy for the treatment of social anxiety disorder in adults and children.[32][33] It is also beneficial for people with co-occurring social anxiety disorder and alcohol use disorder.[34] It appears to be similar to a number of other SSRIs.[35]
Paroxetine is used in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.[36] Comparative efficacy of paroxetine is equivalent to that of clomipramine and venlafaxine.[37][38] Paroxetine is also effective for children with obsessive-compulsive disorder.[39]
Paroxetine is approved for treatment of PTSD in the United States, Japan, and Europe.[40][41][42] In the United States, it is approved for short-term use.[41]
Paroxetine is also FDA-approved for generalized anxiety disorder.[43]
Menopausal hot flashes
In 2013, low-dose paroxetine was approved in the US for the treatment of moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms such as hot flashes and night sweats associated with menopause.[8] At the low dose used for menopausal hot flashes, side effects are similar to placebo and dose tapering is not required for discontinuation.[44]
Fibromyalgia
Studies have also shown paroxetine "appears to be well-tolerated and improve the overall symptomatology in patients with fibromyalgia", but is less robust in helping with the pain involved.[45][46]
Common side effects include drowsiness, dry mouth, loss of appetite, sweating, insomnia, and sexual dysfunction.[7] Serious side effects may include suicide in those under the age of 25, serotonin syndrome, and mania.[7] While the rate of side effects appears similar compared to other SSRIs and SNRIs, antidepressant discontinuation syndromes may occur more often.[9][10] Use in pregnancy is not recommended, while use during breastfeeding is relatively safe.[11]
Paroxetine shares many of the common adverse effects of SSRIs, including (with the corresponding rates seen in people treated with placebo in parentheses):
Most of these adverse effects are transient and go away with continued treatment. Central and peripheral 5-HT3 receptor stimulation is believed to result in the gastrointestinal effects observed with SSRI treatment.[47] Compared to other SSRIs, it has a lower incidence of diarrhea, but a higher incidence of anticholinergic effects (e.g., dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, etc.), sedation/somnolence/drowsiness, sexual side effects, and weight gain.[48]
Mania or hypomania may occur in 1% of patients with depression and up to 12% of patients with bipolar disorder.[50] This side effect can occur in individuals with no history of mania, but it may be more likely to occur in those with bipolar disorder or with a family history of mania.[51]
Suicide
Like other antidepressants, paroxetine may increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behaviour in people under the age of 25.[52][53] The FDA conducted a statistical analysis of paroxetine clinical trials in children and adolescents in 2004 and found an increase in suicidality and ideation as compared to placebo, which was observed in trials for both depression and anxiety disorders.[54] In 2015 a paper published in The BMJ that reanalysed the original case notes argued that in Study 329,[55] assessing paroxetine and imipramine against placebo in adolescents with depression, the incidence of suicidal behavior had been under-reported and the efficacy exaggerated for paroxetine.[56][57][58][59][60]
Sexual dysfunction, including loss of libido, anorgasmia, lack of vaginal lubrication, and erectile dysfunction, is one of the most commonly encountered adverse effects of treatment with paroxetine and other SSRIs. While early clinical trials suggested a relatively low rate of sexual dysfunction, more recent studies in which the investigator actively inquires about sexual problems suggest that the incidence is higher than 70%.[61] Symptoms of sexual dysfunction have been reported to persist after discontinuing SSRIs, although this is thought to be occasional.[62][63][64]
Pregnancy
Antidepressant exposure (including paroxetine) is associated with shorter duration of pregnancy (by three days), increased risk of preterm delivery (by 55%), lower birth weight (by 75 g or 2.6 oz), and lower Apgar scores (by <0.4 points).[65][66] The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that for pregnant women and women planning to become pregnant, paroxetine "be avoided, if possible", as it may be associated with increased risk of birth defects.[67][68]
Babies born to women who used paroxetine during the first trimester have an increased risk of cardiovascular malformations, primarily ventricular and atrial septal defects. Unless the benefits of paroxetine justify continuing treatment, consideration should be given to stopping or switching to another antidepressant.[69] Paroxetine use during pregnancy is associated with about 1.5– to 1.7-fold increase in congenital birth defects, in particular, heart defects, cleft lip and palate, clubbed feet, or any birth defects.[70][71][72][73][74]
Many psychoactive medications can cause withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation from administration. Paroxetine has among the highest incidence rates and severity of withdrawal syndrome of any medication of its class.[75] Common withdrawal symptoms for paroxetine include nausea, dizziness, lightheadedness and vertigo; insomnia, nightmares and vivid dreams; feelings of electricity in the body, as well as rebound depression and anxiety. Liquid formulation of paroxetine is available and allows a very gradual decrease of the dose, which may prevent discontinuation syndrome. Another recommendation is to temporarily switch to fluoxetine, which has a longer half-life and thus decreases the severity of discontinuation syndrome.[76][77][78]
In 2002, the U.S. FDA published a warning regarding "severe" discontinuation symptoms among those terminating paroxetine treatment, including paraesthesia, nightmares, and dizziness. The agency also warned of case reports describing agitation, sweating, and nausea. In connection with a Glaxo spokesperson's statement that withdrawal reactions occur only in 0.2% of patients and are "mild and short-lived", the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Associations said GSK had breached two of the federation's codes of practice.[79]
Paroxetine prescribing information posted at GlaxoSmithKline has been updated related to the occurrence of a discontinuation syndrome, including serious discontinuation symptoms.[69]
Overdose
Acute overdosage is often manifested by emesis, lethargy, ataxia, tachycardia, and seizures. Plasma, serum, or blood concentrations of paroxetine may be measured to monitor therapeutic administration, confirm a diagnosis of poisoning in hospitalized patients or to aid in the medicolegal investigation of fatalities. Plasma paroxetine concentrations are generally in a range of 40–400 μg/L in persons receiving daily therapeutic doses and 200–2,000 μg/L in poisoned patients. Postmortem blood levels have ranged from 1–4 mg/L in acute lethal overdose situations.[80][81] Along with the other SSRIs, sertraline and fluoxetine, paroxetine is considered a low-risk drug in cases of overdose.[82]
Interactions
Interactions with other drugs acting on the serotonin system or impairing the metabolism of serotonin may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)-like reaction. Such reactions have been observed with SNRIs and SSRIs alone, but particularly with concurrent use of triptans, MAO inhibitors, antipsychotics, or other dopamine antagonists.
The prescribing information states that paroxetine should "not be used in combination with an MAOI (including linezolid, an antibiotic which is a reversible non-selective MAOI), or within 14 days of discontinuing treatment with an MAOI", and should not be used in combination with pimozide, thioridazine, tryptophan, or warfarin.[69]
Paroxetine is the most potent and one of the most specific selective serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).[87] It also binds to the allosteric site of the serotonin transporter, similarly to escitalopram, though less potently so.[88] Paroxetine also inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine to a lesser extent (<50 nmol/L).[89] Based on evidence from four weeks of administration in rats, the equivalent of 20 mg paroxetine taken once daily occupies approximately 88% of serotonin transporters in the prefrontal cortex.[83]
Paroxetine is well-absorbed following oral administration.[83] It has an absolute bioavailability of about 50%, with evidence of a saturable first pass effect.[93] When taken orally, it achieves maximum concentration in about 6–10 hours[83] and reaches steady-state in 7–14 days.[93] Paroxetine exhibits significant interindividual variations in volume of distribution and clearance.[93] Less than 2% of an oral dose is excreted in urine unchanged.[93]
Paroxetine is a mechanism-based inhibitor of CYP2D6.[86][94]
Society and culture
Paroxetine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1992 and initially sold by GlaxoSmithKline.[7][95] It is available as a generic medication.[14] In 2021, it was the 95th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 7million prescriptions.[15][16]
GlaxoSmithKline has paid substantial fines, paid settlements in class-action lawsuits, and become the subject of several highly critical books about its marketing of paroxetine, in particular the off-label marketing of paroxetine for children, the suppression of negative research results relating to its use in children, and allegations that it failed to warn consumers of substantial withdrawal effects associated with use of the drug.[18][19]
In early 2004, GSK agreed to settle charges of consumer fraud for $2.5 million.[96] The legal discovery process also uncovered evidence of deliberate, systematic suppression of unfavorable Paxil research results. One of GSK's internal documents read, "It would be commercially unacceptable to include a statement that efficacy [in children] had not been demonstrated, as this would undermine the profile of paroxetine".[97]
The United States Department of Justice fined GlaxoSmithKline $3 billion in 2012, for withholding data, unlawfully promoting use in those under 18, and preparing an article that misleadingly reported the effects of paroxetine in adolescents with depression following its clinical trial study 329.[18][19][20]
In February 2016, the UK Competition and Markets Authority imposed record fines of £45 million on companies which were found to have infringed European Union and UK Competition law by entering into agreements to delay the market entry of generic versions of the drug in the UK. GlaxoSmithKline received the bulk of the fines, being fined £37,600,757. Other companies, which produce generics, were issued fines which collectively total £7,384,146. UK public health services are likely to claim damages for being overcharged in the period where the generic versions of the drug were illegally blocked from the market, as the generics are over 70% less expensive. GlaxoSmithKline may also face actions from other generics manufacturers who incurred loss as a result of the anticompetitive conduct.[98] On 18 April 2016, appeals were lodged with the Competition Appeal Tribunal by the companies which were fined.[99][100][101][102][103]
GSK marketed paroxetine through television advertisements throughout the late 1990s and early 2000s. Commercials also aired for the CR version of the drug beginning in 2003.[104]
Economics
In 2007, paroxetine was ranked 94th on the list of bestselling drugs, with over $1 billion in sales. In 2006, paroxetine was the fifth-most prescribed antidepressant in the U.S. retail market, with more than 19.7 million prescriptions.[105] In 2007, sales had dropped slightly to 18.1 million but paroxetine remained the fifth-most prescribed antidepressant in the U.S.[106][107]
Brand names
Brand names include Aropax, Paretin, Brisdelle, Deroxat, Paxil,[108][109] Pexeva, Paxtine, Paxetin, Paroxat, Paraxyl,[110] Sereupin, Daparox and Seroxat.
Research
Several studies have suggested that paroxetine can be used in the treatment of premature ejaculation. In particular, intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) was found to increase with 6- to 13-fold, which was somewhat longer than the delay achieved by the treatment with other SSRIs (fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, sertraline, and citalopram).[111][112][113] However, paroxetine taken acutely ("on demand") 3–10 hours before coitus resulted only in a "clinically irrelevant and sexually unsatisfactory" 1.5-fold delay of ejaculation and was inferior to clomipramine, which induced a fourfold delay.[113]
Although the evidence is conflicting, paroxetine may be effective for the treatment of dysthymia, a chronic disorder involving depressive symptoms for most days of the year.[118]
There is evidence to support that paroxetine selectively binds to and inhibits G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) in mice with heart failure. Since GRK2 regulates the activity of the beta adrenergic receptor, which becomes desensitized in cases of heart failure, paroxetine (or a paroxetine derivative) could be used as a heart failure treatment in the future.[84][85][119]
Paroxetine is a common finding in waste water.[121] It is highly toxic to the alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (syn. Raphidocelis subcapitata).[121]
^World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
^ abBritish national formulary: BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. p. 363. ISBN9780857113382.
^ abcUnited States ex rel. Greg Thorpe, et al. v. GlaxoSmithKline PLC, and GlaxoSmithKline LLC, pp. 3–19 (D. Mass. 26 October 2011), Text, archived from the original on 19 October 2014.
^Cipriani A, Furukawa TA, Salanti G, Geddes JR, Higgins JP, Churchill R, et al. (February 2009). "Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 12 new-generation antidepressants: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis". Lancet. 373 (9665): 746–758. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60046-5. PMID19185342. S2CID35858125.
^Fava M, Amsterdam JD, Deltito JA, Salzman C, Schwaller M, Dunner DL (December 1998). "A double-blind study of paroxetine, fluoxetine, and placebo in outpatients with major depression". Annals of Clinical Psychiatry. 10 (4): 145–150. doi:10.3109/10401239809147030. PMID9988054.
^Zohar J, Judge R (October 1996). "Paroxetine versus clomipramine in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. OCD Paroxetine Study Investigators". The British Journal of Psychiatry. 169 (4): 468–474. doi:10.1192/bjp.169.4.468. PMID8894198. S2CID19698156.
^Denys D, van der Wee N, van Megen HJ, Westenberg HG (December 2003). "A double blind comparison of venlafaxine and paroxetine in obsessive-compulsive disorder". Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 23 (6): 568–575. doi:10.1097/01.jcp.0000095342.32154.54. PMID14624187. S2CID23260081.
^Ipser JC, Stein DJ, Hawkridge S, Hoppe L (July 2009). "Pharmacotherapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3): CD005170. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005170.pub2. PMID19588367.
^Giordano N, Geraci S, Santacroce C, Mattii G, Battisti E, Gennari C (December 1999). "Efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: a single-blind study". Current Therapeutic Research. 60 (12): 696–702. doi:10.1016/S0011-393X(99)90008-5.
^ abBrunton L, Chabner B, Knollman B (2010). Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (12th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN978-0-07-162442-8.
^Morishita S, Arita S (October 2003). "Induction of mania in depression by paroxetine". Human Psychopharmacology. 18 (7): 565–568. doi:10.1002/hup.531. PMID14533140. S2CID32168369.
^Keller MB, Ryan ND, Strober M, Klein RG, Kutcher SP, Birmaher B, et al. (July 2001). "Efficacy of paroxetine in the treatment of adolescent major depression: a randomized, controlled trial". Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 40 (7): 762–772. doi:10.1097/00004583-200107000-00010. PMID11437014. S2CID2125130.
^Doshi P (September 2015). "No correction, no retraction, no apology, no comment: paroxetine trial reanalysis raises questions about institutional responsibility". BMJ. 351: h4629. doi:10.1136/bmj.h4629. PMID26377109. S2CID44921667.
^Clark MS, Jansen K, Bresnahan M (November 2013). "Clinical inquiry: How do antidepressants affect sexual function?". The Journal of Family Practice. 62 (11): 660–661. PMID24288712.
^Csoka AB, Csoka A, Bahrick A, Mehtonen OP (January 2008). "Persistent sexual dysfunction after discontinuation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 5 (1): 227–233. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00630.x. PMID18173768.
^Bellantuono C, Migliarese G, Gentile S (April 2007). "Serotonin reuptake inhibitors in pregnancy and the risk of major malformations: a systematic review". Human Psychopharmacology. 22 (3): 121–128. doi:10.1002/hup.836. PMID17397101. S2CID21279773.
^Goeringer KE, Raymon L, Christian GD, Logan BK (May 2000). "Postmortem forensic toxicology of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a review of pharmacology and report of 168 cases". Journal of Forensic Sciences. 45 (3): 633–648. doi:10.1520/JFS14740J. PMID10855970.
^R. Baselt,Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man, 8th edition, Biomedical Publications, Foster City, CA, 2008, pp. 1190–1193.
^ abStepan AF, Mascitti V, Beaumont K, Kalgutkar AS (2013). "Metabolism-guided drug design". MedChemComm. 4 (4): 631. doi:10.1039/C2MD20317K.
^Mellerup ET, Plenge P (July 1986). "High affinity binding of 3H-paroxetine and 3H-imipramine to rat neuronal membranes". Psychopharmacology. 89 (4): 436–439. doi:10.1007/BF02412117. PMID2944152. S2CID6037759.
^Owens JM, Knight DL, Nemeroff CB (1 August 2002). "[Second generation SSRIS: human monoamine transporter binding profile of escitalopram and R-fluoxetine]". L'Encephale. 28 (4): 350–355. PMID12232544.
^Owens MJ, Knight DL, Nemeroff CB (September 2001). "Second-generation SSRIs: human monoamine transporter binding profile of escitalopram and R-fluoxetine". Biological Psychiatry. 50 (5): 345–350. doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01145-3. PMID11543737. S2CID11247427.
^Roth BL, Driscol J (12 January 2011). "PDSP Ki Database". Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (PDSP). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the United States National Institute of Mental Health. Archived from the original on 8 November 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
^ abcdKaye CM, Haddock RE, Langley PF, Mellows G, Tasker TC, Zussman BD, Greb WH (1989). "A review of the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of paroxetine in man". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum. 350: 60–75. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb07176.x. PMID2530793. S2CID23769424.
^ abJornil J, Jensen KG, Larsen F, Linnet K (March 2010). "Identification of cytochrome P450 isoforms involved in the metabolism of paroxetine and estimation of their importance for human paroxetine metabolism using a population-based simulator". Drug Metabolism and Disposition. 38 (3): 376–385. doi:10.1124/dmd.109.030551. PMID20007670. S2CID1795852.
^The paroxetine prescriptions were calculated as a total of prescriptions for Paxil CR and generic paroxetine using data from the charts for generic and brand-name drugs."Top 200 generic drugs by units in 2007". Drug Topics. 18 February 2008. Archived from the original on 18 July 2009. Retrieved 23 October 2008.
^Coleman A (2006). Dictionary of Psychology (Second ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 552.
^Coleman A (2006). Dictionary of Psychology (Second ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 161.
^Waldinger MD, Hengeveld MW, Zwinderman AH, Olivier B (August 1998). "Effect of SSRI antidepressants on ejaculation: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study with fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline". Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 18 (4): 274–281. doi:10.1097/00004714-199808000-00004. PMID9690692.
^Waldinger MD, Zwinderman AH, Olivier B (December 2001). "SSRIs and ejaculation: a double-blind, randomized, fixed-dose study with paroxetine and citalopram". Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 21 (6): 556–560. doi:10.1097/00004714-200112000-00003. PMID11763001. S2CID36888042.
^ abWaldinger MD, Zwinderman AH, Olivier B (October 2004). "On-demand treatment of premature ejaculation with clomipramine and paroxetine: a randomized, double-blind fixed-dose study with stopwatch assessment". European Urology. 46 (4): 510–5, discussion 516. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2004.05.005. PMID15363569.
^Kim SW, Grant JE, Adson DE, Shin YC, Zaninelli R (June 2002). "A double-blind placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of paroxetine in the treatment of pathological gambling". The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 63 (6): 501–507. doi:10.4088/JCP.v63n0606. PMID12088161.
^Sindrup SH, Gram LF, Brøsen K, Eshøj O, Mogensen EF (August 1990). "The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine is effective in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy symptoms". Pain. 42 (2): 135–144. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(90)91157-E. PMID2147235. S2CID42327989.
^Carlson EL, Karuppagounder V, Pinamont WJ, Yoshioka NK, Ahmad A, Schott EM, et al. (February 2021). "Paroxetine-mediated GRK2 inhibition is a disease-modifying treatment for osteoarthritis". Science Translational Medicine. 13 (580): eaau8491. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aau8491. PMID33568523. S2CID231875553.
^ abc
Andrade-Neto VV, Cunha-Junior EF, Dos Santos Faioes V, Pereira TM, Silva RL, Leon LL, Torres-Santos EC (January 2018). "Leishmaniasis treatment: update of possibilities for drug repurposing". Frontiers in Bioscience. 23 (5). IMR Press: 967–996. doi:10.2741/4629. PMID28930585.
This review cites this research.
Alberca LN, Sbaraglini ML, Balcazar D, Fraccaroli L, Carrillo C, Medeiros A, et al. (April 2016). "Discovery of novel polyamine analogs with anti-protozoal activity by computer guided drug repositioning". Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design. 30 (4). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 305–321. Bibcode:2016JCAMD..30..305A. doi:10.1007/s10822-016-9903-6. PMID26891837. S2CID25677082.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Paroxetine.
Keuskupan QuerétaroDioecesis QueretarensisDiócesis de QuerétaroKatolik Catedral de San Felipe NeriLokasiNegaraMeksikoProvinsi gerejawiProvinsi LeónStatistikLuas5.919 sq mi (15.330 km2)Populasi- Total- Katolik(per 2004)1.730.0341,643,532 (95%)Paroki94InformasiDenominasiKatolik RomaRitusRitus RomaPendirian26 Januari 1863 (160 tahun lalu)KatedralKatedral Santo Filipus NeriKepemimpinan kiniPausFransiskusUskuplowongEmeritusMario de Gasperín GasperínPetaSitus w…
GolfoGulf Province Provincia Bandera Coordenadas 7°20′00″S 145°00′00″E / -7.3333333333333, 145Capital KeremaEntidad Provincia • País Papúa Nueva GuineaSubdivisiones 2 DistritosSuperficie • Total 34472 km²Población (2012) • Total 158 197 hab. • Densidad 4,59 hab/km²[editar datos en Wikidata] Provincia del Golfo es una de las 19 provincias de Papúa Nueva Guinea, situada en la costa sur de Nueva…
Юрий Дядюк Полное имя Юрий Степанович Дядюк Родился 13 марта 1970(1970-03-13)[1] (53 года)Таганрог, СССР Гражданство СССР Россия Позиция защитник, полузащитник Клубная карьера[* 1] 1987—1989 Торпедо (Таганрог) 84 (5) 1990—1991 СКА (Ростов-на-Дону) 77 (5) 1992—2000 Ростсельмаш 204 (4) 2001 → Локом…
مكتب إحصاءات النقل (بالإنجليزية: Bureau of Transportation Statistics) تفاصيل الوكالة الحكومية البلد الولايات المتحدة تأسست 1992 المركز واشنطن الإدارة موقع الويب http://www.rita.dot.gov/bts تعديل مصدري - تعديل مكتب إحصاءات النقل (بالإنجليزية:Bureau of Transportation Statistics) هو مكتب يتبع وزارة النقل …
سفارة السويد في الصين السويد الصين الإحداثيات 39°56′30″N 116°27′33″E / 39.94177°N 116.45927°E / 39.94177; 116.45927 البلد الصين المكان بكين الموقع الالكتروني الموقع الرسمي تعديل مصدري - تعديل سفارة السويد في الصين هي أرفع تمثيل دبلوماسي[1] لدولة السويد لدى الصين.[2][3]…
1925 All-Pro Team All-Pro 1925 NFL season Selectors Green Bay Press-Gazette (poll)Collyer's Eye (E.G. Brands)Joseph Carr (NFL Commissioner)Ohio State Journal 1923 1924 ← → 1926 1927 The 1925 All-Pro Team consists of American football players chosen by various selectors as the best players at their positions for the All-Pro team of the National Football League (NFL) for the 1925 NFL season.[1] Selectors and key For the 1925 season, there are four known selectors of All-Pro Teams. They…
Опис файлу Опис Реверсивна дробарка Джерело Мала гірнича енциклопедія : у 3 т. / за ред. В. С. Білецького. — Донецьк : Донбас, 2004. — ISBN 966-7804-14-3. Автор зображення Невідомий Ліцензія Дозволено копіювати, розповсюджувати та/або модифікувати цей документ на ум…
Поет Овідій переживав за свою кохану, Корінну. Вона зробила аборт, ризикуючи власним життям: Плоду, що в лоні вже зрів, позбувшись так нерозважно, Зблідла Корінна лежить - бореться смерть із життям. Рішення те, небезпечний свій намір, ховала від мене; Гнівом по праву киплю, та …
This article is part of a series aboutBarack Obama Pre-presidency Early life and career Illinois State Senator 2004 DNC keynote address U.S. Senator from Illinois 2004 election sponsored bills 44th President of the United States Presidency timeline Transition Inaugurations Trips international Policies Economy Energy Foreign policy Arctic Europe East Asia Middle East South Asia Obama Doctrine Pardons Social Space Appointments Cabinet Judiciary Sotomayor Kagan Garland Supreme Court candidates Firs…
Aerolíneas Argentinas IATA ICAO Kode panggil AR ARG ARGENTINA Didirikan14 Mei 1949Mulai beroperasi7 Desember 1950PenghubungBandar Udara Internasional Ministro PistariniPenghubung sekunderAeroparque Jorge NewberyKota fokusBandar Udara Internasional Ingeniero Ambrosio L.V. TaravellaProgram penumpang setiaAerolíneas PlusLounge bandaraSalón CondórAliansiSkyTeamAnak perusahaan Aerohandling Aerolíneas Argentinas Cargo Air Austral JetPaq S.A Optra S.A Armada46 (+35 Dalam Pesanan)Tujuan46SloganAlta…
Рольф Мюцельбургнім. Rolf Mützelburg Народився 23 червня 1913(1913-06-23)[1]Кіль, Німеччина[1]Помер 11 вересня 1942(1942-09-11) (29 років)Атлантичний океан, міжнародні води·intracranial hemorrhaged[2]Поховання Атлантичний океан[3]Країна Третій Рейх Веймарська республікаДіяльність підво…
الجمهوريانية الأيرلندية (بالأيرلندية: poblachtánachas Éireannach) هي حركة سياسية هدفت إلى توحيد أيرلندا واستقلالها. اعتبر الجمهوريون الأيرلنديون الحكم البريطاني في أي جزء من أجزاء أيرلندا غير شرعي من الأساس. انعكس نمو الحس القومي والديمقراطي المنتشر في أوروبا خلال القرنين الثامن عشر …
متنزه جزر القناة الوطني IUCN التصنيف V (منظر طبيعي أو بحري محمي) البلد الولايات المتحدة[1] الموقع الرسمي الموقع الرسمي معرض صور متنزه جزر القناة الوطني - ويكيميديا كومنز تعديل مصدري - تعديل متنزه جزر القناة الوطني (بالإنجليزية: Channel Islands National Park)…
Place in GreeceAno Pogoni Άνω ΠωγώνιAno PogoniLocation within the regional unit Coordinates: 40°1′N 20°34′E / 40.017°N 20.567°E / 40.017; 20.567CountryGreeceAdministrative regionEpirusRegional unitIoanninaMunicipalityPogoni • Municipal unit137.084 km2 (52.928 sq mi)Elevation650 m (2,130 ft)Population (2011)[1] • Municipal unit1,490 • Municipal unit density11/km2 (28/sq mi)Time …
Orang Serbia di KroasiaСрби у ХрватскојSrbi u HrvatskojJumlah populasi186.633 (2011)[1]BahasaSerbo-KroasiaAgamaGereja Ortodoks SerbiaKelompok etnik terkaitSerbia Bosnia, Serbia Montenegro, Serbia Kosovo Orang Serbia di Kroasia (bahasa Serbia: Срби у Хрватској / Srbi u Hrvatskoj) atau Serbia Kroasia (bahasa Serbia: хрватски Срби / hrvatski Srbi) merupakan etnis minoritas terbesar di Kroasia. Mereka sebagian besar beragama Kristen Ortodoks Ti…
Cyperus pennatiformis Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Plantae Divisi: Tracheophyta Kelas: Liliopsida Ordo: Poales Famili: Cyperaceae Genus: Cyperus Spesies: Cyperus pennatiformis Nama binomial Cyperus pennatiformisKük. Cyperus pennatiformis adalah spesies tumbuhan yang tergolong ke dalam famili Cyperaceae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Poales. Spesies Cyperus pennatiformis sendiri merupakan bagian dari genus Cyperus.[1] Nama ilmiah dari spesies ini pertama kali diterbitkan ol…
Indo-Canadian mathematician Kumar Murty Vijaya Kumar Murty FRSC (born 20 May 1956) is an Indo-Canadian mathematician working primarily in number theory. He is a professor at the University of Toronto and is the Director of the Fields Institute. Early life and education V. Kumar Murty is the brother of mathematician M. Ram Murty.[1] Murty obtained his BSc in 1977 from Carleton University[2] and his PhD in mathematics in 1982 from Harvard University under John Tate.[3] Care…
SK TiranaFull nameSport Klub TiranaNicknameBardheblutë (The White and Blues)Founded15 August 1920;[1] 96 years agoBased inTirana, AlbaniaColors Blue and whiteWebsitehttp://www.kftirana.al/ Active branches of KF Tirana Football(Men's) Football(Women's) Football(B team) Football(Youth) Futsal Basketball(Men's) Basketball(Women's) Volleyball(Men's) Volleyball(Women's) Sport Klub Tirana, is an Albanian sports club based in the country's capital Tirana, most notable for its asso…
I. V. Chalapati RaoBornIyyanki Venkata Chalapati Rao(1923-04-25)25 April 1923Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaDied27 April 2016(2016-04-27) (aged 93)Hyderabad, IndiaOccupation(s)Educationist, writer, editorAwardsPratibha Rajiv Award – 2009 for Outstanding Contribution to the Field of Education Iyyanki Venkata Chalapati Rao, better known as I. V. Chalapati Rao, (25 April 1923 – 27 April 2016) was an Indian scholar, public speaker, teacher and editor.[1] He authored over 25 books on…
بطولة ويمبلدون 1967 رقم الفعالية 81 البلد المملكة المتحدة التاريخ 1967 الرياضة كرة المضرب بطولة ويمبلدون 1966 بطولة ويمبلدون 1968 تعديل مصدري - تعديل قائمة ببطولات ويمبلدون لسنة 1967: فردي رجال المقالة الرئيسية: بطولة ويمبلدون 1967 - فردي رجال جون نيوكومب هزم والي…
Sakarya MuseumSakarya MüzesiLocation of the Sakarya Museum in TurkeyEstablished1993; 30 years ago (1993)Coordinates40°46′26″N 30°24′06″E / 40.77389°N 30.40167°E / 40.77389; 30.40167TypeArchaeology, EthnographyOwnerMinistry of Culture Sakarya Museum (a.k.a. Adapazarı Museum Turkish: Sakarya Müzesi) is a museum in Adapazarı, Turkey. It is on Milli Egemenlik Street. The museum building was constructed in 1915 as a residence by Major Baha Bey…
For the American progressive metal band, see No More Pain (band). For the album by Doom, see No More Pain (Doom album). 2010 studio album by KAT-TUNNo More PainStudio album by KAT-TUNReleasedJune 16, 2010 (2010-06-16)Recorded2010GenrePop rockLabelJ-OneProducerJohnny H. Kitagawa (executive)KAT-TUN chronology Break the Records: By You & for You(2009) No More Pain(2010) Chain(2012) Singles from No More Pain Love Yourself (Kimi ga Kirai na Kimi ga Suki)Released: February 1…
Gereja Baptist Pisgah, sebuah gereja Protestan yang khas di pedesaan Amerika Gedung gereja atau bangunan gereja adalah bangunan atau struktur yang tujuan utamanya adalah untuk memfasilitasi pertemuan sebuah gereja. Awalnya, orang Kristen Yahudi bertemu di rumah-rumah ibadat, seperti senakel, dan di rumah-rumah, yang dikenal sebagai gereja rumah. Ketika Kekristenan tumbuh dan diterima oleh pemerintah, khususnya dengan Maklumat Milano, ruangan dan akhirnya, seluruh bangunan dikhususkan untuk tujua…
Gran Premio de Malasia de 2009Detalles de carrera 16.ª prueba de 17de la Temporada 2009 del Campeonato. Datos generalesFecha 25 de octubre de 2009Sede Circuito Internacional de SepangCircuitoTipo ylongitud Instalaciones permanentes5.548 km / 3.447 miMotoGP Pole position Vuelta rápida Valentino Rossi2:00.518 Valentino Rossi2:13.694 Podio Casey Stoner Dani Pedrosa Valentino Rossi 250 cc Pole position Vuelta rápida Hiroshi Aoyama2:06.767 Hiroshi Aoyama2:07.597 Podio Hirosh…
Species of fish Zu cristatus Conservation status Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Lampriformes Family: Trachipteridae Genus: Zu Species: Z. cristatus Binomial name Zu cristatus(Bonelli, 1819) Zu cristatus, the scalloped ribbonfish, is a ribbonfish of the family Trachipteridae found circumglobally in all oceans at tropical latitudes, at depths down to 90 m. Its length is up to …
1983 studio album by Tommy Flanagan, Ron Carter and Tony WilliamsThe Master TrioStudio album by Tommy Flanagan, Ron Carter and Tony WilliamsReleased1983RecordedJune 16–17, 1983StudioA&R Recording Studio, New York CityGenreJazzLabelBaybridgeProducerKiyoshi KoyamaTommy Flanagan chronology I'm All Smiles(1983) The Master Trio(1983) Blues in the Closet(1983) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllMusic[1]The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings[2] The Master Trio i…
Co-founder of Roedean School, Brighton Penelope LawrencePenelope Lawrence (in 1926) by William OrpenBorn10 November 1856Hyde Park, LondonDied3 July 1932BoxmoorNationalityBritishEducationNewnham CollegeOccupationteacherKnown forco-founder of Roedean School Penelope P.L. Lawrence aka Nelly (10 November 1856 – 3 July 1932) was a British co-founder of Roedean School in Brighton with her half sisters, Dorothy Lawrence and Millicent Lawrence. Life Lawrence was born in Hyde Park, London. Her mot…
Freedom Tower beralih ke halaman ini. Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Freedom Tower (disambiguasi). Untuk komplek bangunan yang hancur pada serangan 11 September, lihat World Trade Center. Untuk gedung One World Trade Center lama, lihat Daftar penyewa tempat di One World Trade Center. One World Trade CenterBerkas:One World Trade Center logo.svgOne World Trade Center, pencakar langit tertinggi di Belahan Bumi BaratInformasi umumStatusSelesaiJenisPerkantoranObservasiKomunikasiGaya arsitekturModernLokas…
Hebbal LakeHebbal LakeLocationMysore, Karnataka, IndiaCoordinates12°21′30.2″N 76°36′37.7″E / 12.358389°N 76.610472°E / 12.358389; 76.610472Primary outflowsDevarakereBasin countriesIndiaMax. length550 m (1,800 ft)Max. width600 m (2,000 ft)Surface area48 acres (19 ha)[1]SettlementsMysore Hebbal Lake is a lake in the city of Mysore, India.[2] Flora and Fauna The lake is host to many migratory birds. Many bird watching…
1925 American film This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Moonlight and Noses – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Moonlight And NosesFilm posterDirected byStan LaurelWritten byCarl HarbaughStan LaurelRob WagnerH. M. WalkerPr…