Pahiatua

Pahiatua
Māori: Pahīatua
Map
Coordinates: 40°27′12″S 175°50′27″E / 40.45333°S 175.84083°E / -40.45333; 175.84083
CountryNew Zealand
RegionManawatū-Whanganui
Territorial authorityTararua
Ward
  • South Tararua General Ward
  • Tamaki nui-a Rua Maori Ward
Founded1881
Settled28 February 1882
Incorporated (borough)25 July 1892
Founded byW. W. McCardle
Electorates
Government
 • Territorial AuthorityTararua District Council
 • Regional councilHorizons Regional Council
 • Tararua MayorTracey Collis
 • Wairarapa MPMike Butterick
 • Ikaroa-Rāwhiti MPCushla Tangaere-Manuel
Area
 • Total
3.88 km2 (1.50 sq mi)
Elevation
103 m (341 ft)
Population
 (June 2024)[2]
 • Total
2,860
 • Density740/km2 (1,900/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+12 (NZST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+13 (NZDT)
Postcode(s)
4910
Area code06

Pahiatua (Māori: Pahīatua)[3] is a rural service town in the south-eastern North Island of New Zealand with a population of 2,860. It is between Masterton and Woodville on State Highway 2 and along the Wairarapa Line railway, 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of Masterton and 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Palmerston North. It is usually regarded as being in the Northern Wairarapa. For local government purposes, since 1989 it has been in the Tararua District, which encompasses Eketāhuna, Pahiatua, Woodvillle, Dannevirke, Norsewood and the far east of the Manawatū-Whanganui region.

History and culture

19th century

The Wellington Land Board decided in December 1880 to offer land in the Pahiatua Block for settlement. This consisted of 12,000 acres (4,900 ha), of which 3,000 acres (1,200 ha) was offered on a deferred payment basis. Applications for the land closed in February the following year, but there seems to have been little interest at first. Sales of land from the original offer continued over the next few years.

The Pahiatua village was not a settlement initiated by the government, but rather one that had its origin in land speculation. Several subdivisions were established by private landholders including W. W. McCardle, H. Manns, A. W. and Henry Sedcole, and W. Wakeman. It is claimed that the first settlers were John Hall, who arrived on 28 February 1881, followed by John Hughes the next day. These men, plus the brothers of Hughes and their families, comprised Pahiatua's population the first summer. Precisely when the town of Pahiatua came into being is not clear, as it has not been established when McCardle's first land sale took place. However, by the summer of 1883 he was advertising grassed suburban sections, "improved" acres, and other unimproved lots. In November 1885, he sought to dispose of a large portion of one of his subdivisions at an auction in Napier.

Main Street and the Club Hotel in 1929

Development of the land quickly produced results, and by August 1883, 5,000 acres (2,000 ha) had been cleared, several hundred heads of cattle were being grazed, and the population stood at 150. The efforts of the early settlers were sufficient to attract storekeepers and even a hotel.

The government belatedly decided to get involved and agreed to survey a township reserve in December 1882. They later changed their minds and postponed any decision, citing the need to wait for the final determination of the route of the railway. The settlers, also desirous of being close to the railway to improve land values, made strenuous efforts to have the line run through the town, but like their southern counterparts in Greytown, were ultimately unsuccessful. The legacy of this plan can be seen today in the unusual width of Pahiatua's Main Street, which was designed to accommodate the railway down the centre. The intended railway reserve became a grassed median after it was decided to build the railway line to the west of the town.

In 1981, Pahiatua celebrated its centennial with a weekend full of historical events, and in 2006 its 125th anniversary with a grand parade of 125 floats, vehicles and horses.

Naming of the town

The town was named by its founder, William Wilson McCardle.[4][5] Pahiatua was already the name of the wider Pahiatua Block.[6] When translated from Māori, Pahiatua can mean "god's resting place". The explanation accompanying this translation is that a chief fleeing from his enemies was led by his war god to this hill to seek refuge.[4]

20th century

Historical population counts show a steady increase in the size of the town throughout most of the 20th century.

Population 1886 1896 1906 1926 1945 1961 1975
Pahiatua 473 1158 1370 1477 1749 2578 2630

Pahiatua was the location of one of New Zealand's most powerful earthquakes when on 5 March 1934 a magnitude 7.6 quake struck at Horoeka. The 1934 Pahiatua earthquake was felt as far away as Auckland and Dunedin.[7][8]

Formerly the racecourse,
the camp in 1944

On 1 November 1944, 838 Polish refugees, of which 733 were children, were sent to a refugee camp about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of the town. The camp had been used as an internment camp for foreigners at the start of World War II. The camp even had a Polish elementary school (until 1949) and a Polish gymnasium (until 1946).[9] The settlement was expected to be a temporary measure, but with the occupation of Central Europe, including Poland, by the Soviet Union and its subsequent imposition of communist regimes after the end of the war, the refugees stayed on at the camp until 1949 at which point they were naturalised.[10][11][12]

In 1951, the camp was used for over 900 refugees from Central and Eastern Europe.

In 2004, the New Zealand Polish community celebrated its 60th anniversary and the 65th anniversary celebrations were held in 2009 at which former Polish president Lech Wałęsa was to have been the guest of honour.[13][14] The local museum opened a new exhibit in 2017 to tell the story of the refugees' experience in New Zealand.[15]

21st century

The 2007 Pahiatua Christmas Parade.

The estimated population of Pahiatua reached 2,760 in 1996, 2,660 in 2001, 2,547 in 2006, 2,403 in 2013, and 2,682 in 2018.[16]

Average residential property prices increased 43% between 2005 and 2008.[17]

Geography

Pahiatua covers an area of 3.86 km², all of it land.[1]

Climate

Climate data for Pahiatua (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1928–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 32.8
(91.0)
32.2
(90.0)
33.0
(91.4)
28.1
(82.6)
23.5
(74.3)
20.1
(68.2)
19.4
(66.9)
19.1
(66.4)
22.3
(72.1)
25.2
(77.4)
27.9
(82.2)
29.9
(85.8)
33.0
(91.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 21.8
(71.2)
22.4
(72.3)
20.7
(69.3)
18.0
(64.4)
15.1
(59.2)
12.7
(54.9)
12.1
(53.8)
12.8
(55.0)
14.4
(57.9)
16.1
(61.0)
17.5
(63.5)
20.0
(68.0)
17.0
(62.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 17.1
(62.8)
17.4
(63.3)
15.7
(60.3)
13.2
(55.8)
10.8
(51.4)
8.6
(47.5)
8.1
(46.6)
8.7
(47.7)
10.5
(50.9)
12.0
(53.6)
13.3
(55.9)
15.9
(60.6)
12.6
(54.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 12.3
(54.1)
12.3
(54.1)
10.7
(51.3)
8.4
(47.1)
6.5
(43.7)
4.6
(40.3)
4.0
(39.2)
4.6
(40.3)
6.5
(43.7)
7.8
(46.0)
9.1
(48.4)
11.7
(53.1)
8.2
(46.8)
Record low °C (°F) 0.4
(32.7)
−0.8
(30.6)
−2.0
(28.4)
−5.0
(23.0)
−6.2
(20.8)
−6.0
(21.2)
−6.1
(21.0)
−6.1
(21.0)
−5.0
(23.0)
−2.9
(26.8)
−3.7
(25.3)
−0.2
(31.6)
−6.2
(20.8)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 95.9
(3.78)
115.1
(4.53)
78.2
(3.08)
91.1
(3.59)
113.4
(4.46)
149.8
(5.90)
123.5
(4.86)
116.0
(4.57)
136.2
(5.36)
144.8
(5.70)
159.6
(6.28)
125.9
(4.96)
1,449.5
(57.07)
Source: NIWA (rain 1981–2010)[18][19]

Amenities

Marae

Pahiatua Marae, featuring Te Kohanga Whakawhaiti meeting house, is a traditional meeting place for Rangitāne and its Ngāti Hāmua and Te Kapuārangi sub-tribes.[20] It includes Te Kohanga Whakawhaiti wharenui (meeting house).[21]

Museums

Pahiatua & Districts Museum opened in 1977.[22]

Pahiatua Railcar Society has been operating since 1991.[23][24]

Demographics

Pahiatua covers 3.88 km2 (1.50 sq mi)[25] and had an estimated population of 2,860 as of June 2024,[2] with a population density of 737 people per km2.

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
20062,547—    
20132,403−0.83%
20182,682+2.22%
Source: [26]

Pahiatua had a population of 2,682 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 279 people (11.6%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 135 people (5.3%) since the 2006 census. There were 1,053 households, comprising 1,269 males and 1,413 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.9 males per female. The median age was 40.4 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 603 people (22.5%) aged under 15 years, 429 (16.0%) aged 15 to 29, 1,092 (40.7%) aged 30 to 64, and 561 (20.9%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 87.6% European/Pākehā, 23.5% Māori, 2.5% Pasifika, 2.5% Asian, and 2.1% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 9.4, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 46.3% had no religion, 41.7% were Christian, 1.6% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.4% were Hindu, 0.1% were Muslim, 0.3% were Buddhist and 1.6% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 192 (9.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 621 (29.9%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $23,900, compared with $31,800 nationally. 216 people (10.4%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 825 (39.7%) people were employed full-time, 312 (15.0%) were part-time, and 114 (5.5%) were unemployed.[26]

Economy

The economy is based on support for sheep and beef farming and the dairy industry, with the Fonterra Dairy factory in Mangamutu and Tui Brewery in Mangatainoka, both located just outside the town. Other major employers include Betacraft and Sweet Foods, located in the town itself.

In 2018, 16.9% of the workforce worked in manufacturing, 5.8% worked in construction, 5.0% worked in hospitality, 3.4% worked in transport, 7.9% worked in education, and 9.8% worked in healthcare.[16]

Government

The residents of Pahiatua were politically active from early on, advocating for their own Roads Board around June 1883. By August 1886, Pahiatua had gained town district status and only two years later, in October 1888, the Pahiatua County Council was established. The town was constituted as a borough on 25 July 1892.[27] The council remained the political master of the town and surrounding area until the local government reforms of 1989 merged the town into the Tararua District Council.

At central government level, Pahiatua was located in the Wairarapa seat until 1881, at which point the electorate was split into Wairarapa North and Wairarapa South (later to become Masterton and Wairarapa respectively in 1887). Part of the Masterton seat was divided off into the new Pahiatua seat in 1896, which remained the political home of Pahiatua until the electorate was amalgamated with the Wairarapa seat in 1996.

The settlement is now part of Tararua District (led by mayor Tracey Collis), the Wairarapa electorate (represented by Mike Butterick) and Ikaroa-Rāwhiti electorate (represented by Cushla Tangaere-Manuel).

Transportation

As of 2018, among those who commute to work, 71.0% drove a car, 4.7% rode in a car, 2.9% use a bike, and 2.9% walk or run. No one commuted by public transport.[16]

The town's public transport now consists of a single trip from Tuesday to Friday and on Sunday Masterton – Palmerston North and return bus service (with an extra service on Fridays) run by Tranzit Coachlines.[28]

RM 31 (Tokomaru) going for a run through the Pahiatua station yard.

An electric tramway system was considered for Pahiatua, but never constructed.[29]

Rail transport to Pahiatua was available from 3 May 1897 when the town's railway station opened, marking the completion of the Wairarapa Line as far north as the town. The line was completed through to Pahiatua's northern neighbour, Woodville, several months later, on 11 December 1897. Improvements made to the region's road network in the latter half of the 20th century led to a decline in the popularity of rail for public transport. The service was finally withdrawn in 1988 when the last passenger train between Palmerston North and Masterton stopped at Pahiatua on Friday, 29 July.[30]

Pahiatua is the home of the Pahiatua Railcar Society, a non-profit railway heritage organisation based at the town's railway station, whose purpose is to preserve and restore to working order railcars formerly in revenue service on New Zealand's railway network. Some of the notable vehicles in their collection include a Standard class railcar (RM31), a Wairarapa class railcar (RM5), and a Twin Set railcar (RM121). The society leases the railway station from KiwiRail and opens their museum to the public once a month.

Healthcare

Pahiatua had its own hospital, located on a site at the southern end of the town, since 1902. In November 1997, the hospital, then under the jurisdiction of Palmerston North-based Mid Central Health, was informed that it would soon close as the Health Funding Authority could no longer afford to keep it open. This was despite numerous assurances given to the town from 1992 by successive health authorities that the hospital was in no danger of being closed. The closure date was set at 30 June 1998, by which time the only services offered by the hospital were an x-ray department, maternity, a general ward, and geriatric, palliative, convalescent, and rehabilitation care. However, part of the complex remained open until the last patients could be relocated to a new facility at Waireka Home that was still under construction.[31]

Following the closure of the hospital in 1998, hospital-level care has been provided at Palmerston North hospital as the town is in the jurisdiction of Mid Central Health.[31]

Also, after the closing of the town's hospital was the establishment of the Pahiatua Medical Centre, which now dispenses general practice health care to the town's residents and, via outreach clinics, to residents of Eketahuna and Woodville. It is run by the Tararua PHO (Primary Health Organisation).[32]

The old Pahiatua hospital complex has been refurbished and converted into a private conference and accommodation business called Masters Hall.[33]

Communications

The area code for Pahiatua is 06 as for telecommunications purposes it is part of the Manawatu-Wairarapa-Hawkes Bay region in the lower North Island. Local numbers generally begin with 376, with the next digit being 0, 6, 7 or 8.

The Tararua District Council formed an alliance with the telecommunications companies Inspire Net, Inspired Networks, Digital Nation and FX Networks to link the four major towns in its jurisdiction to Palmerston North with a fibre optic cable. The link between Palmerston North and Pahiatua was expected to go live on 31 July 2008.[34] The service is now available to some rural residents and urban customers.[35] As of 2023, fibre internet is available to customers in Pahiatua after extensive infrastructure updates were made by Chorus.

Tararua College is one of 14 schools nationwide set to become the first to benefit from the government's broadband in schools initiative. Funding of $34 million has been allocated for the programme, of which the schools will receive $5 million for upgrades to their information technology equipment.[36]

Media

Local TV station "Tararua TV" filming at the 2007 Christmas Market day.

Free-to-air television broadcasts are available in Pahiatua, including the major national channels offered by TVNZ and Prime from Sky Television. Also available is digital television from both Sky Television (via satellite) and Freeview (either via UHF terrestrial broadcasts or by satellite).

Pahiatua is the home of the regional television station Tararua Television. The founders Hart Udy and Jonathan McLean had a vision to broadcast free-to-air family-friendly television programs, and the vision came to life. The channel began in a studio at Tararua College in 2004 and officially opened by Martin Matthews, CEO of Culture and Heritage. The studio then moved to Pahiatua Christian Fellowship, where they produced their first live program, celebrating their first birthday. At that time, TTV was broadcasting to an audience of approximately 5,000 in Pahiatua and Woodville. A local fund-raising effort enabled the station to increase its coverage to Palmerston North, Foxton, Bulls, Marton, Feilding and Ashhurst and a ceremony to mark the occasion was held on 1 May 2008.[37]

With the switch off of analogue television services within the Manawatu-Whanganui Region on 29 September 2013 and to ensure business continuity, Tararua Television has secured resource consent and licensing to broadcast on DTV27 via Freeview from its own stand-alone transmission site on Wharite capturing a potential primary audience exceeding 133,000 throughout the Manawatu-Whanganui Region predominantly in the Manawatu, Horowhenua, Rangitikei and Tararua districts. From small beginnings, Tararua Television continually strives to succeed and grow within an environment dominated by mainstream television and today is a force to be reckoned with. Locally owned and operated Tararua Television provides an alternative viewing platform of locally produced community-focused and family-safe television programmes from throughout the region that involve the community yet are non-judgmental. Tararua Television is a member of the Regional Broadcasters Association (RTB) and is the only regional television station between Nelson in the south to Hawke's Bay in the East and Central TV Matamata in the North.

When the Tararua District moved to digital TV transmission in 2013, the TTV directors reluctantly closed the Tararua Television station because of financial constraints.

Education

Tararua College, a co-educational state secondary school, is located in Pahiatua.[38][39] It was established in 1960,[40] and has a roll of 380 as of August 2024.[41]

Pahiatua School is a co-educational state primary school,[42][43] with a roll of 377.[44]

St Anthony's School is a co-educational state-integrated Catholic primary school,[45][46] with a roll of 119.[47]

A consultation document proposing the reorganisation of educational facilities in the Tararua District was released by the Bush Education Plan working group in July 2009. Amongst its recommendations was the closure of several schools in the district, such as Hillcrest School, and for their rolls to be merged into other schools, such as Pahiatua School.[48] The plan was scrapped a month later when the working group was dissolved after a vitriolic response from local residents and a statement from the Minister of Education that she had no plans to close any schools in the region against the wishes of the local community.[49]

Town facilities

Unusual for a town of its size, Pahiatua has retained several amenities that were lost to similar towns around New Zealand in the 1980s and 1990s, including banking, postal services and a cinema, the Regent Theatre.

Originally built by Kerridge Theatres NZ in 1940, the 600-seat Regent closed in 1977 and was purchased by the Pahiatua Repertory Society, who converted it into a 230-seat cinema in the upstairs area and a 220-seat live theatre facility in the downstairs area. At that time, the name was changed to Upstairs Downstairs Theatre. In 2001, an extensive restoration of the facade and foyer took place and the building's name reverted to the original name, the Regent. In 2015, the cinema converted from 35mm projection to a fully compliant DCI digital projection. Still owned by the Pahiatua Repertory Society, today it operates as two separate entities: The Pahiatua Upstairs Cinema Society (a registered charity) and the Pahiatua Repertory Society Incorporated (also a registered charity).

In 2021, Westpac Bank closed its Pahiatua branch, leaving the town with no full banking facilities. However, Kiwibank operates a banking agency at the NZ Post Shop at 91 Main Street, Pahiatua. The town is also served by a public swimming pool, an extensive sports complex, a supermarket, a Kohanga Reo, two kindergartens, an Early Childhood Centre, two primary schools, a secondary school,[50] a volunteer fire brigade,[51] and a public library.[52]

The town has both a hotel and a motel.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Statistical Area 2 2018 (generalised) GIS" (Data table). stats.govt.nz. Statistics New Zealand.
  2. ^ a b "Aotearoa Data Explorer". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
  3. ^ Schrader, Ben. "Story: Wairarapa places – Pahīatua". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Manatū Taonga Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  4. ^ a b Reed, A. W. (2010). Peter Dowling (ed.). Place Names of New Zealand. Rosedale, North Shore: Raupo. p. 299. ISBN 9780143204107.
  5. ^ Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Old Settlers, &C". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District. Wellington: The Cyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 29 June 2012.
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  13. ^ DONOGHUE, TIM (3 September 2009). "Former Polish president to visit Wellington". The Dominion Post. Wellington: Fairfax New Zealand. Retrieved 16 October 2009.
  14. ^ LOTTER, MICHELLE (5 November 2009). "Polish past revealed". North Shore Times. Auckland: Fairfax New Zealand. Retrieved 27 December 2009.
  15. ^ "Museum tells the story of 700 Polish Kiwis". Stuff. Fairfax New Zealand. 7 September 2017. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  16. ^ a b c "Place Summary – Pahiatua". Stats NZ. Statistics New Zealand.
  17. ^ "Eketahuna leads the way in Tararua towns' rising popularity". Manawatu Standard. Palmerston North: Fairfax New Zealand. 22 October 2008. Retrieved 27 December 2009.
  18. ^ "CliFlo – National Climate Database : Pahiatua". NIWA. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  19. ^ "CliFlo -The National Climate Database (Agent numbers: 2385, 7385, 38224)". NIWA. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
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  29. ^ Stewart, Graham (1993) [1973]. "The Final Spread of the Steel Web". In Rogers, Anna (ed.). The End of the Penny Section: When Trams Ruled the Streets of New Zealand (Revised enlarged ed.). Wellington: Grantham House Publishing. p. 101. ISBN 1-86934-037-X.
  30. ^ Churchman & Hurst 2001, p. 160.
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  47. ^ "St Anthony's School Education Review Office Report". ero.govt.nz. Education Review Office.
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  49. ^ CHAPMAN, KATIE (18 August 2009). "Tararua schools avoid the axe". The Manawatu Standard. Palmerston North: Fairfax New Zealand. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  50. ^ "School Directory". Ministry of Education. Archived from the original on 8 July 2009. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
  51. ^ "Pahiatua Volunteer Fire Brigade". New Zealand Fire Service. 15 August 2008. Archived from the original on 22 October 2008. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
  52. ^ Duff, Michelle (15 December 2009). "Library cover charge hits membership numbers". Manawatu Standard. Palmerston North: Fairfax New Zealand. Retrieved 27 December 2009.

Further reading

  • Bagnall, A. G. Wairarapa: An Historical Excursion. Masterton: Hedley's Bookshop for the Masterton Trust Lands Trust.
  • Churchman, Geoffrey B; Hurst, Tony (2001) [1990, 1991]. The Railways of New Zealand: A Journey through History (Second ed.). Transpress New Zealand. ISBN 0-908876-20-3.

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Iglesia de Kvabisjevi ქვაბისხევის ღვთისმშობლის მიძინების სახელობის ეკლესია Monumentos Culturales de Importancia Nacional de Georgia LocalizaciónPaís GeorgiaCoordenadas 41°46′27″N 43°14′36″E / 41.774083, 43.243267[editar datos en Wikidata] La iglesia de la Dormición de Kvabisjevi (en georgiano: ქვაბისხევის ღვთისმშობლი...

 

Sedjenak Bernjanji BersamaAlbum studio karya Aida MustafaDirilis1967GenrePopDurasi17:49LabelMesra RecordKronologi Aida Mustafa Libra Bintangku(1967)Libra Bintangku1967 Sedjenak Bernjanji Bersama(1967) Kuda Lumping(1968)Kuda Lumping1968 Sedjenak Bernjanji Bersama merupakan album musik ketiga karya penyanyi berkebangsaaan Indonesia di era 60-an, Aida Mustafa yang dirilis pada tahun 1967 (judul album ditampilkan di bagian belakang cover). Di album ini Aida diiringi oleh band Sonata di bawah ...

 

Cet article est une ébauche concernant une localité anglaise. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Pour les articles homonymes, voir Waltham. WalthamRue traversante le villageGéographiePays  Royaume-UniRégion Angleterre du Sud-EstComté cérémonial KentComté non métropolitain Kent (d)Borough cité de CanterburySuperficie 8,11 km2Coordonnées 51° 11′ 52″ N, 1° 01′...

Connecticut is known as The Constitution State. The origin of this title is uncertain, but the nickname is assumed to be a reference to the Fundamental Orders of 1638–39 which represent the framework for the first formal government written by a representative body in Connecticut. Connecticut's government has operated under the direction of five separate documents in its history. The Connecticut Colony at Hartford was governed by the Fundamental Orders, and the Quinnipiac Colony at New Haven...

 

جامعة ولاية آيوا Iowa State University شعار جامعة ولاية آيوا جامعة ولاية آيوا، قاعة بيردهير الشعار العلم مع التدريب الأسماء السابقة كلية آيوا الزراعية (1858-1898) كلية ولاية آيوا للزراعة والفنون الميكانيكية (1898-1959) معلومات التأسيس 1858 (منذ 165 سنة) الانتماءات رابطة الجامعات الأمريكية رابطة

 

Artikel ini membutuhkan rujukan tambahan agar kualitasnya dapat dipastikan. Mohon bantu kami mengembangkan artikel ini dengan cara menambahkan rujukan ke sumber tepercaya. Pernyataan tak bersumber bisa saja dipertentangkan dan dihapus.Cari sumber: Daftar acara NET. – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Logo NET. Halaman ini memuat daftar acara yang ditayangkan NET. Acara saat ini Berita Fakta Breaking News +62 Terkini[1] Jatanras ...

Concept of area in any dimension In measure theory, a branch of mathematics, the Lebesgue measure, named after French mathematician Henri Lebesgue, is the standard way of assigning a measure to subsets of higher dimensional Euclidean n-spaces. For lower dimensions n = 1, 2, or 3, it coincides with the standard measure of length, area, or volume. In general, it is also called n-dimensional volume, n-volume, hypervolume, or simply volume.[1] It is used throughout real analysis, in parti...

 

此條目没有列出任何参考或来源。 (2023年5月17日)維基百科所有的內容都應該可供查證。请协助補充可靠来源以改善这篇条目。无法查证的內容可能會因為異議提出而被移除。 法國EBU會員法国电视二台(法国电视台) 前会员 1956–64: RTF 1965–74: ORTF 1975–81: 法国电视一台 法国电视台 1983–92: Antenne 2 1993–98: 法国电视二台 1999–2014: 法国电视三台 國內初選方式 国内决赛 1957–195...

 

Military college in Northfield, Vermont, US This article is about the American military college. For the British art school, see Norwich University of the Arts. For the older university in Norwich, UK, see University of East Anglia. For the fictional University of Norwich in the film Clockwise, see List of fictional British and Irish universities. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced mater...

Indian Entrepreneur Kalpana SarojPresident Shri Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Padma Shri Award to Saroj at an Investiture Ceremony-II, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on April 20, 2013Born1961 (1961) (age 62)Roperkheda, Akola, Maharashtra, IndiaOccupation(s)Chief Executive Officer, Kamani TubesSpouse(s) Samir Saroj ​ ​(m. 1980; died 1989)​ShubhkaranChildrenTimon Saroj, Amar Saroj Kalpana Saroj is an Indian woman entrepreneur and ...

 

For other uses of Estadio Monumental, see Estadio Monumental (disambiguation). Estadio de la UNSALocationArequipa, PeruOwnerUniversidad Nacional San AugustínCapacity60,370[3]40,370 (international)[4]SurfaceGrassConstructionBuilt1991-1993Opened1993Construction costUSD $ 7 million[2]TenantsFBC MelgarIDUNSA Estadio de la UNSA (official name) is a multi-purpose stadium located in Arequipa, Peru. The stadium was built by the University of San Agustín in the early 1990s an...

 

I'm Not a Fan, But the Kids Like It!Album studio karya BrokencydeDirilis16 Juni 2009GenreCrunkcoreDurasi62:48LabelBreak SilenceProduserMike Kumagai, Se7enKronologi Brokencyde BC13 EP(2008)BC13 EP2008 I'm Not a Fan, But the Kids Like It!(2009) Will Never Die(2010) Singel dalam album I'm Not a Fan, But the Kids Like It! Get Crunk Will Never Die2010 I'm Not a Fan, But the Kids Like It! adalah album debut dari grup hip hop Brokencyde. Daftar lagu No.JudulDurasi1.Intro0:402.FreaXXX3:343.Sk...

United States historic placeRoyal Laundry ComplexU.S. National Register of Historic Places Show map of the Los Angeles metropolitan areaShow map of CaliforniaShow map of the United StatesLocation443 S. Raymond Avenue, Pasadena, CaliforniaCoordinates34°8′17″N 118°8′54″W / 34.13806°N 118.14833°W / 34.13806; -118.14833Area1.9 acres (0.77 ha)Built1927 (1927)ArchitectKaufmann, Gordon B.Architectural styleSpanish Colonial Revival, Streamline Modern...

 

1968 French filmEmma HamiltonFrench release posterDirected byChristian-JaqueWritten byJameson Brewer Valeria Bonamano Werner P. Zibaso Christian-JaqueBased onLa Sanfeliceby Alexandre DumasProduced byAlberto Grimaldi Wolf C. Hartwig Peer J. OppenheimerStarringMichèle MercierRichard JohnsonJohn MillsCinematographyPierre PetitEdited byEugenio Alabiso Herbert TaschnerMusic byRiz OrtolaniProductioncompaniesProduzioni Europee Associate Rapid Film GaumontDistributed bySociété Nouvelle de Cinémat...

 

2013 film by Robert Vince This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Super Buddies film – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Super BuddiesFilm posterDirected byRobert VinceWritten byAnna McRobertsRobert VinceBased onCharactersby Paul Tamasy...

Bamboo in Monochrome Ink. National Palace Museum, Taiwan Wen Tong (Chinese: 文同; pinyin: Wén Tóng; Wade–Giles: Wen T'ung) (1019–1079)[1] was a Northern Song painter born in Sichuan[2] famous for his ink bamboo paintings. He was one of the paragons of scholar's painting (shi ren hua), which idealised spontaneity and painting without financial reward.[citation needed] He could hold two brushes in one hand and paint two different distanced bamboos sim...

 

Ex Machina Títulos en españolEspaña Ex_MachinaHispanoamérica Ex-MáquinaFicha técnicaDirección Alex GarlandDirección artística Katrina MackayProducción Andrew MacdonaldAllon ReichDiseño de producción Mark DigbyGuion Alex GarlandMúsica Geoff BarrowBen SalisburyFotografía Rob HardyMontaje Mark DayVestuario Sammy SheldonEfectos especiales Double Negative LondonProtagonistas Domhnall GleesonAlicia VikanderOscar IsaacSonoya Mizuno Ver todos los créditos (IMDb)Datos y cifrasPaís Rein...

 

NFL team season 1980 Atlanta Falcons seasonOwnerRankin M. Smith Sr.General managerEddie LeBaronHead coachLeeman BennettHome fieldFulton County StadiumResultsRecord12–4Division place1st NFC WestPlayoff finishLost Divisional Playoffs(vs. Cowboys) 27–30Pro BowlersRB William AndrewsQB Steve BartkowskiWR Alfred JenkinsC Jeff van NoteT Mike KennTE Junior Miller ← 1979 Falcons seasons 1981 → The 1980 Atlanta Falcons season was the Falcons 15th season and culminated in ...

Prins Hendriksoard Prins Hendriksoard is in bûten mei lânskipstún oan de Soestdikerwei yn Den Dolder oan de kant fan Lage Vuursche. De bûtenpleats Ewijckshoeve fan 574 hektare waard op 10 july 1871 iepenbier kocht troch Prins Willem Frederik Hendrik. Doe't hy op 13 jannewaris yn Lúksemboarch ferstoar, kaam de Ewijckshoeve yn besit fan kening Willem III en prinses Wilhelmina. It gedielte benoarden fan de Soestdikerwei waard yn 1883 fan de Ewijckshoeve ôfsplitst en kaam yn hannen fan de b...

 

1977 film Blue SunshineTheatrical release posterDirected byJeff LiebermanWritten byJeff LiebermanProduced byGeorge ManasseStarringZalman KingDeborah WintersMark GoddardRobert WaldenCharles SiebertCinematographyDon KnightEdited byBrian Smedley-AstonRuss KingstonMusic byCharles GrossDistributed byCinema Shares InternationalRelease date May 12, 1978 (1978-05-12) Running time95 minutesCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishBudget$550,000[1] Blue Sunshine is a 1977 American horr...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!