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Orville Freeman
Orville Freeman
16th United States Secretary of Agriculture
	In office; January 21, 1961 – January 20, 1969
President	John F. Kennedy; Lyndon B. Johnson
Preceded by	Ezra Taft Benson
Succeeded by	Clifford M. Hardin
29th Governor of Minnesota
	In office; January 5, 1955 – January 2, 1961
Lieutenant	Karl Rolvaag
Preceded by	C. Elmer Anderson
Succeeded by	Elmer L. Andersen
Personal details
Born	Orville Lothrop Freeman; May 9, 1918; Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
Died	February 20, 2003 (aged 84); Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
Resting place	Lakewood Cemetery
Political party	Democratic
Spouse	Jane Shields (m. 1942)
Children	2, including Michael
Education	University of Minnesota (BA, LLB)
Military service
Branch/service	United States Marine Corps
Rank	Major
Battles/wars	World War II; • Battle of Bougainville

Orville Lothrop Freeman (May 9, 1918 – February 20, 2003) was an American politician who served as the 29th governor of Minnesota from 1955 to 1961, and as the U.S. secretary of agriculture from 1961 to 1969 under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. He was one of the founding members of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party and influential in the merger of the Minnesota Democratic and Farmer-Labor parties. Freeman nominated Kennedy for president at the 1960 Democratic National Convention.

Early life

Freeman was born on May 9, 1918, in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the son of Orville and Frances (Schroeder) Freeman.^[1] His grandfather had emigrated from Sweden to a farm in rural Zumbrota, Minnesota. He attended Central High School in Minneapolis.^[2] In 1940, Freeman graduated magna cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa from the University of Minnesota, where he was a reserve quarterback on the football team and where he met his lifelong friend and political ally Hubert Humphrey. He also met his wife, Jane Charlotte Shields,^[3] in college. They married on May 2, 1942, and had two children.

Military service

Figuring that the United States would eventually become involved in World War II, Freeman signed up for the Marine Reserve in 1940 with the understanding he could finish law school before he fulfilled his required service. The attack on Pearl Harbor ended that arrangement, and on December 31, 1941, he received orders to report to Officer Candidate School at Marine Corps Base Quantico.^[4]

After graduating and following training to be an infantry officer, Freeman reported to Camp Elliot, just outside San Diego, California. He was soon assigned to the 9th Marine Regiment, Kilo Company, 3rd Battalion, 9th Marines. His unit shipped out overseas for periods of training in New Zealand and Guadalcanal.^[4]

On November 1, 1943, Freeman saw his first combat when his unit came ashore at Torokina on Bougainville in what were the first battles of the Bougainville Campaign. A few days later, while he was leading a patrol, he encountered a group of five or six Japanese soldiers in a clearing. An exchange of gunfire followed, and Freeman was wounded in the jaw and left arm. He was evacuated to a US Army hospital on New Caledonia and then to a Naval hospital on Nouméa. He returned to the U.S. in 1944 but never recovered enough movement in his arm to pass a Marine Corps physical to return to combat.^[4]

Political career

Freeman earned his LL.B. from the University of Minnesota Law School in 1946. He then practiced law in Minneapolis.^[5] Freeman also served as secretary (1946-1948) and chairman (1948-1950) of the newly formed Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party,^[6] was a political aide to his college friend Humphrey, who was mayor of Minneapolis at the time, and managed Humphrey's successful 1948 campaign for the U.S. Senate. He ran unsuccessfully for attorney general of Minnesota in 1950 and for governor in 1952.^[5]

Freeman was elected governor in 1954, becoming the state's first DFL governor, and reelected in 1956 and 1958. He took the unusual action of declaring martial law in the city of Albert Lea on December 11, 1959, to maintain law and order during a strike at the Wilson Packing Company. After 12 days, a federal court ruled that martial law was inappropriate.^[7] On November 13, 1955, Freeman was a guest on the variety show Toast of the Town, which was later called The Ed Sullivan Show.

In July 1960, Freeman nominated U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy for president at the 1960 Democratic National Convention.

Following his defeat for reelection as governor in 1960, Freeman was appointed as U.S. Secretary of Agriculture by the newly elected President Kennedy, and he was retained in that post by President Lyndon B. Johnson. He served until January 21, 1969.

Later life

Later, Freeman headed two consulting businesses and practiced law in Washington, D.C.^[5] He was president and CEO of Business International Corporation from 1970 to 1985.^[8]

Freeman died from complications of Alzheimer's disease on February 20, 2003, in Minneapolis.^[5] He was buried in that city's Lakewood Cemetery.

Legacy

Freeman is remembered for submitting proposed legislation to establish the Food Stamp Program for the poor, which is still in use today.^[9]

His son Mike Freeman ran unsuccessfully for governor in 1998 and served non-consecutive terms as County Attorney for Hennepin County, Minnesota (1991 to 1999, and 2007 to 2023).

Awards and decorations

Freeman's decorations and medals include:

Purple Heart			Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal w/ service star			World War II Victory Medal

Notes

^ Onofrio, Jan (January 2000). Minnesota Biographical Dictionary: People of All Times and Places Who Have Been Important to the History and Life of the State. Somerset Publishers. ISBN 9780403096749.
^ Brandt, S. (July 3, 2013). "Central alums mark alma mater's centennial". Star Tribune. Minneapolis-St. Paul. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
^ "Jane Freeman, mother of Mike Freeman and a founding force of the DFL Party, dies at 96". Star Tribune.
^ ^a ^b ^c Berry (1982), p.149-162.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Stout, David (February 22, 2003). "Orville Freeman, 84, Dies; 60's Agriculture Secretary". The New York Times. p. B6. Retrieved January 30, 2010.
^ Mitau, G. Theodore (1955). "The Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party Schism of 1948". Minnesota History. 34 (5): 187–194. ISSN 0026-5497.
^ "Martial Law Ordered in Meat Strike", Oakland Tribune, December 11, 1959, p1; "Court Ends Wilson Closure", December 23, 1959, p4
^ "Obituary for Orville L. Freeman". Star Tribune. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
^ Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP): A Short History of SNAP Archived November 6, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, United States Department of Agriculture.

References

Bibliography

Berry, Henry (1982). Semper Fi, Mac – Living Memories of the U.S. Marines in World War II. New York, N.Y.: William Morrow and Company. ISBN 0-688-14956-1.

Web

Minnesota Historical Society

External links

The personal papers of Orville Freeman are available for research use at the Minnesota Historical Society.
Oral History Interviews with Orville Freeman, Lyndon Baines Johnson Library
Orville Freeman at Find a Grave
Appearances on C-SPAN

Party political offices
Preceded by Francis M. Smith	Democratic nominee for Attorney General of Minnesota 1950	Succeeded by Allan L. Johnson
Preceded by Harry H. Peterson	Democratic nominee for Governor of Minnesota 1952, 1954, 1956, 1958, 1960	Succeeded by Karl Rolvaag
Political offices
Preceded by C. Elmer Anderson	Governor of Minnesota 1955–1961	Succeeded by Elmer L. Andersen
Preceded by Ezra Taft Benson	United States Secretary of Agriculture 1961–1969	Succeeded by Clifford M. Hardin