Inaugurated as the Niagara Handicap, it was first raced on dirt at the Fort Erie Racetrack. In 1957 the race was changed to run on turf and was moved to the Woodbine Racetrack in 1985 where for 1986 only, it was run on dirt. The race became part of the Breeders' Cup program and the name was amended to the Niagara Breeders' Cup Handicap. In 2006, the event was renamed to honour Canada's most famous racehorse, Northern Dancer.
Over the years, the race has been run at various distances:
1+1⁄16 miles : 1953-1956
1+1⁄8 miles : 1957-1975
1+1⁄4 miles : 1990-1994
1+1⁄2 miles : 1976-1989, 1995 to present
Records
Speed Record:
2:25.87 - Strut the Stage (2004) at the current distance of 1+1⁄2 miles
† In 2009, Marsh Side finished first but was disqualified and set back to fourth. On appeal, the original order of finish was restored on May 26, 2010.
‡ In 1967, Carteret finished first but was disqualified and set back to last.