After participating in the 2008 Summer Olympics, achieving his best result in 12th place in the 10 meter rifle, he won the gold medal at Euro 2009. On July 31, 2010, he won the gold medal at the World Shooting Championships in the 10 meter rifle, qualifying for the 2012 Summer Olympics. This made him the first Italian to become a world champion in shooting.[6] On July 29, 2012, he won the silver medal at the Olympics in the 10 m rifle final. On August 6, 2012, he won a gold medal at the Olympics in the 50 m three position rifle final.[7] He was also the first Italian in the history of shooting to win an individual world title. In the same competition he also won a bronze medal in the team in the same discipline. In 2011 he earned a bronze medal at the European championships. In the 2016 Summer Olympics, Niccolò won the gold medal in the 10 metre air rifle event on 8 August 2016, and, on 14 August 2016, he won his third olympics gold medal in the 50 metre rifle three positions event.
In 2018, Campriani was appointed as the shooting coach of the Italian national biathlon team.[6]
^"ESERCITO: TANTE MEDAGLIE PER GLI ATLETI DEL CENTRO SPORTIVO. E IL CONI PREMIA GIULIA DONATO" (in Italian). sportsmall.it. 10 March 2015. Retrieved 17 May 2020. TIRO A SEGNO Ai campionati europei di tiro a segno (10 mt.) di Arnhem, nei Paesi Bassi, sabato 7 marzo la squadra italiana di carabina, composta dal Caporale Simon Weithaler, Niccolò Campriani e Enrico Pappalardo, conquista la medaglia d'argento.
^"Que bom, Rio! - Fiamme Gialle" (in Italian). fiammegialle.org. 1 September 2016. p. 38. Retrieved 17 May 2020. Premiati gli Olimpici: Campriani, Garozzo, Cagnotto, Lodo, Vicino e Montrone
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