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New York State Route 13

New York State Route 13 marker

New York State Route 13

Map
Map of central New York with NY 13 highlighted in red, and 13A in blue
Route information
Maintained by NYSDOT and the city of Ithaca
Length152.30 mi[1] (245.10 km)
Existed1924[2]–present
Major junctions
South end NY 14 in Horseheads
Major intersections
North end NY 3 in Richland
Location
CountryUnited States
StateNew York
CountiesChemung, Schuyler, Tompkins, Cortland, Madison, Oneida, Oswego
Highway system
NY 12F NY 14

New York State Route 13 (NY 13) is a state highway that runs mainly north–south for 152.30 miles (245.10 km) between NY 14 in Horseheads and NY 3 west of Pulaski in Central New York in the United States. In between, NY 13 intersects with Interstate 81 (I-81) in Cortland and Pulaski and meets the New York State Thruway (I-90) in Canastota. NY 13 is co-signed with several routes along its routing, most notably NY 34 and NY 96 between Newfield and Ithaca; NY 80 between DeRuyter and Cazenovia; and NY 5 between Chittenango and Canastota.

The most heavily traveled section of the route is the 50-mile (80 km) northeast–southwest section between Horseheads and Cortland. Situated midway between the two locations is the city of Ithaca; here, a small section of NY 13 follows an expressway alignment around much of the city. Much of the route, however, is a two-lane highway that passes through rural areas. When NY 13 was originally assigned in the 1920s, it extended only from Elmira to Cazenovia. It was significantly extended in 1930, stretching from Lindley in the south to Richland in the north. The southern terminus was moved back to Elmira in the 1940s and has been located at various points in the city since then.

Route description

Elmira to Ithaca

Up until 2006, NY 13 began at exit 54 on the Southern Tier Expressway (NY 17) southeast of the village of Horseheads. However, as part of the Horseheads Bypass project, NY 13 was extended west into the village to NY 14 along the frontage roads for the expressway.[3] North of NY 17, NY 13 heads north through the town of Horseheads, paralleling the eastern edge of the village to an intersection with NY 223 near the northern town line. As NY 13 passes out of Horseheads and into Veteran, the amount of development along the roadway becomes sparse, consisting of only small roadside hamlets.

A picture of NY 13 near Ithaca was included on the Voyager Golden Record

Just before exiting Chemung County, NY 13 turns northeast toward the city of Ithaca several miles to the northeast. The route soon enters the narrow southeastern extents of Schuyler County, where it intersects NY 224 before crossing county lines again, this time into Tompkins County. In the town of Newfield, NY 13 remains largely rural in nature, passing only one significant settlement—the Newfield hamlet of the same name, officially known as Newfield Hamlet—on its way to the town of Ithaca. Shortly after entering the town, the route meets with the concurrent routes of NY 34 and NY 96 at an interchange adjacent to Robert H. Treman State Park, becoming Elmira Road. Both routes join NY 13 north alongside the eastern edge of the park to NY 327, a road largely delimiting the northern extent of the park. The three routes proceed generally northeastward through the town of Ithaca to the vicinity of Buttermilk Falls State Park, where they intersect the south end of NY 13A, an alternate route of NY 13 through western Ithaca, near the former Tutelo village of Coreogonel at the confluence of Buttermilk Creek and the Cayuga Lake inlet. NY 13, NY 34, and NY 96 continue on, directly serving Buttermilk Falls State Park as they pass over the creek and inlet and enter the Ithaca city limits.

At West Clinton Street (NY 96B), the route splits into a one-way pair, with Meadow Street carrying northbound traffic and Fulton Street handling southbound traffic. Due to the configuration of the city street grid, NY 79 overlaps the three-route concurrency on Fulton Street for one block eastbound as it switches from West State Street to West Green Street; no such overlap exists westbound/northbound as NY 79 westbound remains on West Seneca Street, where NY 96 leaves NY 13/34 and joins NY 79. The one-way pair comes to an end near Hancock Street, at which point both directions of the route merge into Meadow Street and continue northeastward through the city as an at-grade roadway. At Dey Street, however, the road becomes a limited-access highway as it heads through the northern extents of the city and partially alongside Cayuga Lake.

Near the northern city line, the roadway connects to East Shore Drive by way of an interchange, at which point NY 34 leaves the expressway to follow East Shore Drive along the lakeshore. NY 13 and NY 34 follow parallel routings into Lansing, where NY 13 curves eastward to interchange with both Cayuga Heights Road and Triphammer Road. Southwest of Ithaca Tompkins International Airport, NY 13 downgrades into a divided highway and meets Warren Road at-grade before reverting into a two-lane roadway as it passes south of the airport and exits the Ithaca area.

Ithaca to Lenox

Sign assembly for NY 13 in Cortland

NY 13 progresses southeast through western Dryden to meet Dryden Road (NY 366), a street originating in eastern Ithaca. NY 366 joins NY 13 northeast along Fall Creek for little more than 1 mile (1.6 km) before splitting; however, the Dryden Road name remains with NY 13 into the village of Dryden. At the village center, NY 13 meets both NY 38 and NY 392. NY 13 turns north, overlapping NY 38 for three blocks and passing Tompkins Cortland Community College as it exits the village limits on Cortland Road.

NY 13 southbound as it approaches downtown Cortland.

At the Tompkins-Cortland County line, NY 13 loses the Cortland Road moniker and becomes unnamed as it heads toward Cortland. Southwest of the city limits, NY 13 breaks to the northeast, with its north-northeastward alignment continuing onward as NY 281. In Cortland, NY 13 becomes Tompkins Street and meets NY 215 (Owego Street) three blocks from an intersection with the overlapping routes of U.S. Route 11 (US 11) and NY 41 at Church Street. All three routes turn north onto Church, creating a three-route overlap that lasts for three blocks through downtown Cortland. At Clinton Road, US 11 and NY 41 turn west while NY 13 curves east for several blocks to an interchange with I-81 at the northeastern edge of the city's downtown district. Here, the Tioughnioga River splits, with NY 13 following the eastern branch northeast out of the Cortland city limits.

NY 13 continues northeast along the banks of the Tioughnioga through Truxton, where it intersects the southern terminus of NY 91, to the hamlet of Cuyler in the town of the same name. Here, the river downgrades to a creek as the route turns eastward toward Madison County. Upon crossing the county line, NY 13 enters the village of DeRuyter, located in the town of the same name, as Cortland Street. In the village center, NY 13 turns left onto Utica Street and follows the roadway out of the village.

Outside of the village, NY 13 follows a largely northeast–southwest alignment as it passes through the hamlet of Puckerville (centered around the junction between NY 13 and East Lake Road, a local roadway following the eastern edge of the DeRuyter Reservoir), to Sheds, a small hamlet marked by the intersection of NY 13 and NY 80. NY 13 turns north, overlapping NY 80 north for 3 miles (5 km) to the Cazenovia community of New Woodstock, where NY 13 leaves NY 80 at the western fringe of the hamlet.

NY 13 heads north to the village of Cazenovia, located at the southeastern tip of Cazenovia Lake. Within the village limits, NY 13 overlaps US 20 on Forman and Albany Streets before continuing north out of the village on Farnham and Sweetland Streets. Outside of the village, the street becomes known as Gorge Road and enters a roughly 100 feet (30 m) ravine surrounding the Chittenango Creek. As NY 13 progresses northward, the gorge deepens, reaching approximately 300 feet (91 m) within Chittenango Falls State Park. North of the park, the gorge widens laterally and continues to drop in elevation, with the difference between the surrounding terrain and NY 13 reaching almost 500 feet (150 m) as it intersects NY 5 in southeastern Chittenango. The two routes overlap, following Genesee Street north for several blocks before turning east and paralleling the former Erie Canal out of the village.

The two routes remain conjoined until Canastota, a village located in the town of Lenox, where NY 13 breaks from NY 5 and resumes its northward progression. North of the village center, NY 13 meets the New York State Thruway (I-90) at exit 34 before exiting Canastota. At the southeastern corner of Oneida Lake, NY 13 intersects NY 31. Just north of NY 31, NY 13 crosses over the Oneida River and enters Oneida County.

Oneida and Oswego counties

Between the county line and NY 49, NY 13 follows the eastern edge of Oneida Lake as it proceeds northward through the towns of Verona and Vienna. In Verona, NY 13 passes through the center of Verona Beach State Park and serves the lakeside community of Verona Beach, located adjacent to where the Erie Canal exits Oneida Lake. NY 13 crosses over the canal shortly afterward, passing into the Vienna community of Sylvan Beach in the process. Development along NY 13 continues as far north as Edgewater Beach, where NY 13 breaks from the lakeshore and continues north to meet NY 49. NY 13 turns east, overlapping NY 49 into the hamlet of Vienna.

In the center of Vienna, NY 13 leaves NY 49 and continues northward through the hamlet of McConnellsville (where NY 13 is joined by the west branch of Fish Creek) to the village of Camden, where NY 69 overlaps NY 13 for two blocks through the heart of the village. Past Camden, NY 13 continues northwest along Fish Creek into the Oswego County town of Williamstown, where NY 13 leaves the waterway and intersects NY 183 and NY 104.

NY 13 continues onward through rural central Oswego County to the village of Pulaski, which is in the town of Richland, where the route connects to southbound I-81 by way of a half-interchange just outside the village and intersects US 11 near the center of Pulaski. The route continues west for another 3 miles (5 km) before terminating at NY 3 in the hamlet of Port Ontario, which is also in the town of Richland.

History

Route 13 in downtown Horseheads

Early routing

When state highways in New York were first publicly signed in 1924, NY 13 was assigned only to the portion of its modern routing between Elmira and Cazenovia.[2] Within the Elmira area, NY 13 initially followed a different routing, beginning at the intersection of Lake Street and Water Street (then NY 17) on the north bank of the Chemung River in downtown Elmira. The route then overlapped NY 14 along Lake Street to Horseheads,[4] where NY 13 split from NY 14 and headed northeast on Old Ithaca Road to what is now the intersection between NY 13 and NY 223. Here, NY 13 turned north, following its current alignment toward Ithaca.[5]

In the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York, NY 13 was extended over previously unnumbered roadways on both ends of its alignment, but unlike most routes in the state, it retained the same number along its original route. To the south, NY 13 was extended along Water Street (modern NY 352) to West Elmira, and on what is now NY 225 west to Caton. Past Caton, NY 13 continued west to NY 2 (now US 15) in Lindley by way of Tannery Creek Road, River Road, and Morgan Creek Road (collectively modern County Route 120).[6] In the north, NY 13 was extended northward along its modern routing to NY 3C (modern NY 3) west of Pulaski.[7][8] By 1940, the portion of NY 13 between Horseheads and Elmira became part of a realigned NY 17.[9]

Realignments and truncation

The portion of NY 13 west of Elmira was removed from the state highway system in the early 1940s. NY 13 was truncated back to its original terminus at Water Street in downtown Elmira even though all of NY 13 south of Horseheads was concurrent with NY 17.[9][10] NY 17 was moved onto its current alignment east of the city in the late 1950s;[11][12] NY 13 was realigned south of NY 223 c. 1961 to follow a new road leading to a newly constructed interchange with NY 17.[13][14]

In the mid-1980s, the Sullivanville Dam project forced a portion of the route to be rerouted northeast of Horseheads. Due to the elevated water level caused by the dam, the route had to be moved to higher ground west of the hamlet of Sullivanville in the Town of Veteran. A section of the old highway remains under the impounded water. Another section north of the dam exists as an extension of Sullivanville Road.[citation needed]

In 2007, with the completion of the I-86 project, NY 13 was extended westward along the parallel collector/distributor roads to NY 14 in Horseheads.[3] Prior to the project's completion, at least one "NY 13 south" sign assembly was exposed along the westbound frontage road leading from exit 54 (NY 13).[citation needed] Several similarly shaped signs on similar sign assemblies were covered along the route.

Routing through Ithaca

When NY 13 was first assigned, it entered the city of Ithaca on Spencer Road and followed Spencer and Cayuga Streets into downtown. From there, NY 13 proceeded generally northeastward on Court and Linn Streets, University Avenue, and Forest Home Drive through the Cornell University campus to Dryden Road, where it turned eastward toward Dryden.[4] NY 13 was realigned c. 1936 to bypass the Cornell University grounds to the south on State (NY 79) and Mitchell Streets and Ithaca and Dryden Roads. Its old alignment through the college became NY 392.[15][16]

In the early 1960s, a new expressway was built along the eastern shore of Cayuga Lake, bypassing downtown Ithaca on the west and north.[17][18] NY 13 was altered to follow Meadow Street and the freeway between southwestern Ithaca and the town of Dryden while the portion of NY 13's old routing that did not overlap NY 79 became an extension of NY 366.[19] The freeway was expected to be continued all the way to Cortland, but was abandoned with the completion of the existing segment of the highway; the remaining connection to the old NY 13 was completed as a two-lane roadway.[20] The new expressway was pictured on the Voyager Golden Record as an example of a "modern highway."[21] In 1996, ten blocks of southbound NY 13 was diverted from Meadow Street to Fulton Street as part of the Octopus elimination project.[22]

Major intersections

CountyLocationmi[1]kmDestinationsNotes
ChemungTown of Horseheads0.000.00 I-86 / NY 17 / Southern Tier Expressway – Elmira, Binghamton, Corning, HorseheadsSouthern terminus, exit 54 (I-86 / NY 17)
2.784.47
NY 223 east – Breesport
Western terminus of NY 223; roundabout
SchuylerCayuta11.6418.73 NY 224 – Odessa, Van Etten
TompkinsTown of Ithaca23.6538.06

NY 34 south / NY 96 south (West Danby Road) – Spencer
Southern terminus of NY 13 / NY 34 and NY 13 / NY 96 overlaps
24.1538.87
NY 327 north (Enfield Falls Road)
Southern terminus of NY 327
25.2240.59
NY 13A north (Five Mile Drive)
Southern terminus of NY 13A
City of Ithaca27.3143.95
NY 96B south – Ithaca College
Northern terminus of NY 96B
27.4344.14
NY 79 east (West Green Street) – Downtown, Cornell University
Southern terminus of NY 13 / NY 79 overlap (southbound)
27.5544.34
NY 79 west (West Seneca Street)
Northern terminus of NY 13 / NY 79 overlap (southbound)
27.6344.47

NY 89 north / NY 96 north (West Buffalo Street)
Northern terminus of NY 13 / NY 96 overlap; southern terminus of NY 89
Town of Ithaca29.2447.06
NY 34 north (East Shore Road) – Stewart Park, Auburn / East Shore Drive ( NY 930F south)
Northern terminus of NY 13 / NY 34 overlap; diamond interchange; northern terminus of unsigned NY 930F
LansingCayuga Heights Road – Lansing, Cayuga HeightsPartial cloverleaf interchange; former routing of NY 34A
31.2150.23North Triphammer Road – Lansing, Cayuga HeightsDiamond interchange
Town of Dryden35.3256.84
NY 366 west
Western terminus of NY 13 / NY 366 overlap
36.5558.82
NY 366 east – Freeville, Groton, Etna
Eastern terminus of NY 13 / NY 366 overlap
Village of Dryden41.2866.43

NY 38 south / NY 392 east – Owego
Southern terminus of NY 13 / NY 38 overlap; western terminus of NY 392
41.8167.29
NY 38 north – Freeville, Groton
Northern terminus of NY 13 / NY 38 overlap
CortlandCortlandville48.7678.47
NY 281 north – Syracuse
Southern terminus of NY 281; hamlet of Munsons Corners
Cortland50.9381.96
NY 215 south
Northern terminus of NY 215
51.3482.62

US 11 south / NY 41 south
Southern terminus of US 11 / NY 13 / NY 41 overlap
51.6583.12


US 11 north / NY 41 north / NY 222 west – Downtown
Northern terminus of US 11 / NY 13 / NY 41 overlap; eastern terminus of NY 222
52.4184.35 I-81 – Syracuse, BinghamtonExit 11 (I-81)
Truxton62.98101.36
NY 91 north
Southern terminus of NY 91
MadisonTown of DeRuyter76.24122.70
NY 80 east – Georgetown
Southern terminus of NY 13 / NY 80 overlap; hamlet of Sheds
Town of Cazenovia79.68128.23
NY 80 west (Fabius Road) – Fabius
Northern terminus of NY 13 / NY 80 overlap; hamlet of New Woodstock
Village of Cazenovia85.67137.87
US 20 west – LaFayette
Southern terminus of US 20 / NY 13 overlap
86.26138.82
US 20 east – Morrisville
Northern terminus of US 20 / NY 13 overlap
Chittenango95.40153.53
NY 5 west – Fayetteville
Western terminus of NY 5 / NY 13 overlap
Canastota101.98164.12
NY 5 east – Wampsville, Oneida
Eastern terminus of NY 5 / NY 13 overlap
103.51166.58
I-90 Toll / New York Thruway – Buffalo, Albany
Exit 34 (I-90/Thruway)
Lenox108.59174.76 NY 31 – Bridgeport, VeronaRoundabout; hamlet of South Bay
OneidaVienna114.19183.77
NY 49 west – Central Square, Fulton
Western terminus of NY 13 / NY 49 overlap; hamlet of North Bay
115.64186.10
NY 49 east – Rome
Eastern terminus of NY 13 / NY 49 overlap; hamlet of Vienna
Village of Camden123.39198.58
NY 69 west
Southern terminus of NY 13 / NY 69 overlap
123.49198.74
NY 69 east – Rome
Northern terminus of NY 13 / NY 69 overlap
OswegoWilliamstown133.25214.45
NY 183 south
Northern terminus of NY 183; hamlet of Williamstown
136.39219.50
NY 104 west – Mexico, Oswego
Eastern terminus of NY 104
Pulaski148.37238.78 I-81 – Syracuse, WatertownExit 36 (I-81); northbound access via US–11 to Maple Ave.
149.14240.02

US 11 to I-81 north
To Exit 36 (I-81) northbound; access via Maple Ave.
Richland152.30245.10 NY 3Northern terminus; hamlet of Port Ontario
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

NY 13A

New York State Route 13A marker

New York State Route 13A

LocationIthaca

NY 13A is a 2.08-mile (3.35 km) north–south spur that bypasses downtown Ithaca by way of the town of Ithaca to the southwest. The route begins at NY 13, NY 34 and NY 96 south of the city and follows the west bank of Cayuga Inlet and the Ithaca Flood Control Channel north into the city, where it ends at NY 79 in Ithaca's West End,[1] an area once dominated by squatters' villages.[23] The highway is named Floral Avenue within the city and Five Mile Drive in the town of Ithaca, so named because was part of a five-mile (8 km) long bypass around the Cayuga Inlet on the west side of Ithaca during high lake levels or river flooding. The eastern side of this bypass was the present-day Spencer Road. NY 13A was assigned c. 1938.[24][25]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "2008 Traffic Volume Report for New York State" (PDF). New York State Department of Transportation. June 16, 2009. pp. 43–45. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2012. Retrieved January 31, 2010.
  2. ^ a b "New York's Main Highways Designated by Numbers". The New York Times. December 21, 1924. p. XX9.
  3. ^ a b "NY 13 Reference Marker Horseheads". Google Maps. Retrieved 2021-04-16.
  4. ^ a b Automobile Blue Book (Elmira and Ithaca, NY insets). Vol. 3. Automobile Blue Book, Inc. 1929. p. 20. Retrieved May 4, 2010.
  5. ^ Automobile Blue Book. Vol. 3. Automobile Blue Book, Inc. 1929. p. 21. Retrieved December 3, 2007.
  6. ^ Tourist Map of Pennsylvania (PDF) (Map). Pennsylvania Department of Highways. 1930. Retrieved December 3, 2007.[permanent dead link]
  7. ^ Dickinson, Leon A. (January 12, 1930). "New Signs for State Highways". The New York Times. p. 136.
  8. ^ Automobile Legal Association (ALA) Automobile Green Book, 1930–31 and 1931–32 editions, (Scarborough Motor Guide Co., Boston, 1930 and 1931). The 1930–31 edition shows New York state routes prior to the 1930 renumbering
  9. ^ a b Map of New York (Map). Cartography by H.M. Gousha Company. Shell Oil Company. 1940.
  10. ^ New York with Pictorial Guide (Map). Cartography by General Drafting. Esso. 1942.
  11. ^ Elmira Quadrangle – New York – Pennsylvania (Map). 1:62,500. 15 Minute Series (Topographic). United States Geological Survey. 1953. Archived from the original on March 19, 2005. Retrieved December 3, 2007.
  12. ^ Official Map of Pennsylvania (PDF) (Map). Pennsylvania Department of Highways. 1960. Retrieved December 3, 2007.[permanent dead link]
  13. ^ New York and New Jersey Tourgide Map (Map). Cartography by Rand McNally and Company. Gulf Oil Company. 1960.
  14. ^ New York and Metropolitan New York (Map) (1961–62 ed.). Cartography by H.M. Gousha Company. Sunoco. 1961.
  15. ^ Road Map & Historical Guide – New York (Map). Cartography by Rand McNally and Company. Sun Oil Company. 1935.
  16. ^ New York (Map). Cartography by General Drafting. Standard Oil Company. 1936.
  17. ^ New York with Sight-Seeing Guide (Map) (1962 ed.). Cartography by General Drafting. Esso. 1962.
  18. ^ New York Happy Motoring Guide (Map) (1963 ed.). Cartography by General Drafting. Esso. 1963.
  19. ^ New York (Map) (1969–70 ed.). Cartography by General Drafting. Esso. 1968.
  20. ^ "County weighs options for future of Route 13". The Ithaca Voice. 2020-11-12. Retrieved 2021-04-16.
  21. ^ "Scenes from Earth". Voyager – The Interstellar Mission. NASA. Retrieved May 4, 2010.
  22. ^ Sinsabaugh, Mark. "New York State Route 13". New York Routes. Archived from the original on November 30, 2007. Retrieved December 3, 2007.
  23. ^ Anbinder, Mark H. (August 2001). "Go West, Young Eatery". 14850 Magazine. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved May 4, 2010.
  24. ^ New York (Map). Cartography by General Drafting. Standard Oil Company. 1937.
  25. ^ New York Road Map for 1938 (Map). Cartography by General Drafting. Esso. 1938.

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Sri Lankan politician Hon.M. UdayakumarMPபழனி எலிலன் மயில்வாகனம் உதயகுமார் පලනි එලිලන් මයිල්වාගනම් උදයකුමාර්Member of the Parliament of Sri LankaIncumbentAssumed office 2020ConstituencyNuwara Eliya DistrictMember of the Central Provincial CouncilIn office2009–2018ConstituencyNuwara Eliya District Personal detailsBorn (1967-09-28) 28 September 1967 (age 56)Political p…

Church in Sant Julià de Lòria, Andorra Sant Serni de Nagol Església de Sant Serni de Nagol is a church located in Sant Julià de Lòria, Andorra. It is a heritage property registered in the Cultural Heritage of Andorra. It was built in the 11th century.[1] References ^ Sant Serni de Nagol. Cultural Heritage of Andorra. Retrieved 4 December 2011. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sant Serni de Nagol. 42°28′10″N 1°30′03″E / 42.46944°N 1.50083°E /…

2007 Quebec general election ← 2003 March 26, 2007 2008 → ← outgoing memberselected members →125 seats in the 38th National Assembly of Quebec63 seats needed for a majorityTurnout71.23% (0.81%)   First party Second party Third party   Leader Jean Charest Mario Dumont André Boisclair Party Liberal Action démocratique Parti Québécois Leader since April 30, 1998 May 11, 1994 November 15, 2005 Leader's seat Sherbrooke Rivière-du-Lo…

Video game series Not to be confused with the Hunter or Hunter. Video game seriestheHuntertheHunter series logo as of Call of the WildGenre(s)SimulationDeveloper(s)Avalanche Studios (2009–2015)Expansive Worlds (2015–2017)Publisher(s)Emote Games (2009)Avalanche Studios (2015)Expansive Worlds (2015–present)Platform(s)Microsoft WindowsPlayStation 4Xbox OneFirst releasetheHunter: ClassicApril 2009Latest releasetheHunter: Call of the Wild16 February 2017 theHunter is a series of simulation vide…

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع ديفيد مارتن (توضيح). هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (مارس 2019) ديفيد مارتن   معلومات شخصية الميلاد 15 أبريل 1933[1]  سيدني  الوفاة 10 أغسطس 1990 (57 سنة) [1]  سيدني  سبب …

Upper house of the state legislature of Karnataka For the lower house, see Karnataka Legislative Assembly. Karnataka Legislative Council ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ವಿಧಾನ ಪರಿಷತ್ತುTypeTypeUpper house of the Karnataka Legislature Term limits6 yearsHistoryFounded1907 (1907)Preceded byMysore Legislative CouncilLeadershipChairpersonBasavaraj Horatti, BJP since 21 December 2022 Deputy ChairpersonM. K. Pranesh, BJP since 29 January 2021 Leader of the HouseN. S. Bos…

Fictional character from Buffy the Vampire Slayer Fictional character Warren MearsBuffy the Vampire Slayer characterAdam Busch as Warren MearsFirst appearanceI Was Made to Love YouLast appearanceBuffy the Vampire Slayer Season EightCreated byJoss Whedon, Jane EspensonPortrayed byAdam BuschIn-universe informationAffiliationAndrew Wells, Jonathan Levinson, Amy MadisonClassificationTechnology expertNotable powersA genius-level intellect, especially in the fields of technology and robotics Warren Me…

1927 film This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: The Wise Wife – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The Wise WifeDirected byE. Mason HopperWritten byArthur Somers Roche (novel)Zelda SearsTay GarnettJohn W. KrafftProduced byWillia…

USCGC Northwind in Baffin Bay on 10 July 1986. History United States NameNorthwind BuilderWestern Pipe and Steel Company Yard numberCG-184 Laid down10 July 1944 Launched25 February 1945 Sponsored byMrs. Mabelle C Dempwolf Commissioned28 July 1945 Decommissioned20 January 1989 Nickname(s)The Grand Old Lady of the North FateScrapped in 1999 NotesCallsign: NRFJ General characteristics Class and typeWind-class icebreaker Displacement6,515 short tons (5,910 metric tons) Length269 ft (82 m) …

Campeonato Mundial Esqui Estilo Livre 2011 Moguls masc fem Dual moguls masc fem Halfpipe masc fem Aerials masc fem Slopestyle masc fem Ski cross masc fem A prova do dual moguls feminino do Campeonato Mundial de Esqui Estilo Livre de 2011 foi disputada no dia 5 de fevereiro em Wasatch Range nos Estados Unidos.[1] Participaram 26 atletas de 13 países. Medalhistas Ouro Prata Bronze  Jennifer Heil (CAN)  Chloé Dufour-Lapointe (CAN)  Hannah Kearney (USA) Resultados Qua…

2002 studio album by Esbjörn Svensson TrioStrange Place for SnowStudio album by Esbjörn Svensson TrioReleasedMarch/June 2002RecordedDecember 2001StudioAtlantis Studio, Stockholm, SwedenLength69:02LabelACT Music/Sony BMGProducerEsbjörn Svensson TrioEsbjörn Svensson Trio chronology Good Morning Susie Soho(2000) Strange Place for Snow(2002) Seven Days of Falling(2003) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllmusic [1]The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings[2] Strange…

Irish tax code See also: Corporation tax in the Republic of Ireland Part of a series onTaxation An aspect of fiscal policy Policies Government revenue Property tax equalization Tax revenue Non-tax revenue Tax law Tax bracket Flat tax Tax threshold Exemption Credit Deduction Tax shift Tax cut Tax holiday Tax amnesty Tax advantage Tax incentive Tax reform Tax harmonization Tax competition Tax withholding Double taxation Representation Unions Medical savings account Economics General Theory Price e…

Professional wrestling championship in WWE This article is about the women's championship on the NXT brand. For the championship on the now-defunct NXT UK brand, see NXT UK Women's Championship. NXT Women's ChampionshipThe current NXT Women's Championship belt with default side plates(2022–present)DetailsPromotionWWEBrandNXTDate establishedApril 5, 2013Current champion(s)Lyra ValkyriaDate wonOctober 24, 2023StatisticsFirst champion(s)PaigeMost reigns2 reigns: Shayna Baszler Charlotte Flair Lon…

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (July 2019) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the German article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. C…

Капская винная змея Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:ЗавропсидыКласс:Пр…

This article is written like a personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic. Please help improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style. (December 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The original pandemonium model proposed by Oliver Selfridge in 1959 Pandemonium architecture is a theory in cognitive science that describes how visual images are processed by …

K. E. Gnanavel RajaLahirK. E. Gnanavel RajaChennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaPekerjaanProduser film, arsitekTahun aktif2006–sekarang K. E. Gnanavel Raja adalah seorang produser film dan wirausahawan India asal Tamil Nadu, India. Ia awalnya memulai kariernya dengan memproduksi dan mendistribusi film yang dibintangi oleh Suriya dan Karthi, sebelum mendirikan tiga studio sendiri —Studio Green, Aadnah Arts dan Blue Ghost Pictures.[1] Perusahaan Studio Green (2006—sekarang) Aadnah Arts (20…

G20

「G20」のその他の用法については「G20 (曖昧さ回避)」をご覧ください。 G20   G20の参加国  永久招待国(スペイン)  一国ではなく欧州連合としての参加国   一国ではなくアフリカ連合としての参加国参加国 フランス アメリカ イギリス ドイツ 日本 イタリア カナダ 欧州連合 アルゼンチン オーストラリア ブラジル 中国 インド インド…

<< May >> Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 2024 31 May saal ke 151st din hae (152nd leap saal me). Saal ke khalaas hoe me 214 din bachaa hae. Events Births 1930 - Clint Eastwood. Maut Joseph Haydn 1809 - Joseph Haydn ke maut Vienna, Austria me bhaes rahaa. (janam:31 March 1732) References TAARIK January 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 February 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 …

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