New Egypt Formation

New Egypt Formation
Stratigraphic range: Late Maastrichtian ~69–67 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Monmouth Group
Underlies	Hornerstown Formation
Overlies	Navesink Formation
Lithology
Primary	Marl
Other	Sandstone, claystone
Location
Coordinates	40.3°N 74.1°W / 40.3; -74.1
Approximate paleocoordinates	37.9°N 41.5°W / 37.9; -41.5
Region	New Jersey
Country	USA
Type section
Named for	New Egypt, New Jersey
New Egypt Formation (the United States) Show map of the United States New Egypt Formation (New Jersey) Show map of New Jersey

The New Egypt Formation is a Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian-aged) geologic formation of the Monmouth Group in New Jersey, United States.^[1]

Description

The basal New Egypt is a massive clayey, glauconitic marl that closely resembles the Navesink Formation into which it grades below. Ammonites and other invertebrates found at the Spheno Run site correlate well with the middle Severn Formation of Maryland. Spheno Run has so far produced a remarkable number of vertebrate specimens, especially from marine reptiles, including: carapace elements from at least two species of turtles, Peritresius ornatus and Taphrosphys sulcatus; various bone elements from at least two species of mosasaurs including a sizable fragment of dentary bone from Prognathodon rapax and numerous shed teeth from Mosasaurus maximus.

Vertebrate remains also include material from sharks, particularly teeth and unusually large vertebral centra from an individual lamniform shark Squalicorax pristodontus, bony fish, and, rarely, dinosaurs. In addition to the vertebrate collection, Spheno Run also yields an abundance of invertebrate species including: twenty-two bivalves, seven gastropods, six cephalopods, and one each of echinoidea, porifera, and scaphopoda. It is rare to find such an extensive array of both vertebrate and invertebrate species within one horizon in New Jersey.^[1][2]

The famous painting Leaping Laelaps was inspired by Dryptosaurus remains found in the New Egypt Formation

The New Egypt Formation preserves the most complete late Maastrichtian-aged dinosaur fauna from the eastern United States, providing an important record of the dinosaurs that inhabited Appalachia around this time. These remains belong to dinosaurs whose carcasses were washed out to sea, and preserve evidence of being submerged in water and scavenged by sharks & marine invertebrates. The most notable taxon from this formation is the tyrannosauroid Dryptosaurus, one of the few predatory theropods known from eastern North America. In addition, remains of indeterminate hadrosaurs, including potential lambeosaurines, are also known. The potential presence of lambeosaurines is notable, as this group is not otherwise known from eastern North America, and is not thought to have still inhabited North America so late into the Maastrichtian.^[3][4]

Vertebrate paleobiota

Cartilaginous fish

The following taxa are known:^[5]

Chimaeras

Chimaeras of the New Egypt Formation
Genus	Species	Member	Location	Material	Notes	Images	Images
Edaphodon	E. mirificus			Barnsboro, Blackwood Terrace		A callorhinchid chimaera.[6][7]
Leptomylus	L. forfex			Barnsboro		A chimaeriform of uncertain affinities.[6][8]

Sharks

Sharks of the New Egypt Formation
Genus	Species	Member	Location	Material	Notes	Images
Brachaelurus	B. hornerstownensis	Shrewsbury	Arneytown	1 tooth	A blind shark. Type locality for species.
Chiloscyllium	C. sp.	Shrewsbury	Arneytown	1 tooth	A bamboo shark.
Cretalamna	C. appendiculata	Shrewsbury	Arneytown	1 tooth	A megatooth shark.
Ginglymostoma	G. cuspidata	Shrewsbury	Arneytown	3 teeth	A nurse shark. Type locality for species.
Hemiscyllium	H. sp.	Shrewsbury	Arneytown	1 tooth	A bamboo shark.
Proheterodontus	P. creamridgensis	Shrewsbury	Arneytown	1 tooth	A bullhead shark. Type locality for species.[9]
Pseudodontaspis	P. cf. herbsti	Shrewsbury	Arneytown	1 tooth	A sand shark.
Scapanorhynchus	S. texanus		Blackwood Terrace		A goblin shark.[7]
Serratolamna	S. serrata	Shrewsbury	Arneytown	1 tooth	A serratolamnid mackerel shark.
Squalicorax	S. kaupi	Shrewsbury	Arneytown	1 tooth	A crow shark.[7][10]
	S. pristodontus		Spheno Run, Blackwood Terrace
Squatina	S. hassei	Shrewsbury	Arneytown	4 teeth	An angelshark.

Rays

Rays of the New Egypt Formation
Genus	Species	Member	Location	Material	Notes	Images
Dasyatis	D. newegyptensis	Shrewsbury	Arneytown	3 teeth	A whiptail stingray. Type locality of species.
Ischyrhiza	I. mira		Blackwood Terrace		An sawskate.[7]
Protoplatyrhina	P. renae	Shrewsbury	Arneytown	1 tooth	A hypsobatid ray.[11]
Ptychotrygon	P. sp.	Shrewsbury	Arneytown	1 tooth	A ptychotrygonid sawskate.
Rhinobatos	R. casieri	Shrewsbury	Arneytown	2 teeth	A guitarfish.
Rhombodus	R. binkhorsti	Shrewsbury	Arneytown	2 teeth	A rhombodontid ray.
	R. laevis			1 tooth
Sclerorhynchus	S. pettersi	Shrewsbury	Arneytown	2 rostra pieces	A sclerorhynchid sawskate.

Ray-finned fish

Actinopterygii of the New Egypt Formation
Genus	Species	Member	Location	Material	Notes	Images	Images
Anomoeodus	A. phaseolus		Blackwood Terrace			A pycnodont.[7]

Reptiles

Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs of the New Egypt Formation
Genus	Species	Member	Location	Material	Notes	Images
Dryptosaurus	D. aquilunguis		Barnsboro	Incomplete skeleton	A tyrannosauroid theropod, type locality of genus and species. One of the most complete theropod skeletons known from eastern North America.[3][6]
"Hadrosaurus"	"H." minor		Barnsboro		A small-sized hadrosaurid ornithischian. Nomen dubium.[3][6]
?Lambeosaurinae indet.			Barnsboro	Partial forelimb	A hadrosaur bone potentially referable to a lambeosaurine. Notable for representing one of the only potential records of this group from eastern North America, and one of the latest records of this group from North America overall.[4][6]

Crocodylomorphs

Crocodylomorphs of the New Egypt Formation
Genus	Species	Member	Location	Material	Notes	Images
Hyposaurus	H. rogersii		Barnsboro		A dyrosaurid.[6]

Turtles

Turtles of the New Egypt Formation
Genus	Species	Member	Location	Material	Notes	Images
Agomphus	A. pectoralis		Barnsboro		A kinosternoid related to the hickatee.[6]
Euclastes	E. wielandi		Barnsboro		A pancheloniid sea turtle.[6]
Osteopygis	O. emarginatus		Barnsboro		A macrobaenid.[6]
Peritresius	P. ornatus		Spheno Run		A pancheloniid sea turtle.[10]
Taphrosphys	T. nodosus		Barnsboro, Spheno Run		A bothremydid side-necked turtle.[6]
	T. sulcatus

Squamates

Squamates of the New Egypt Formation
Genus	Species	Member	Location	Material	Notes	Images
Mosasaurus	M. hoffmanni (=M. dekayi)		Barnsboro, Spheno Run		A mosasaurine mosasaur.[6][10]
Prognathodon	P. rapax		Barnsboro, Spheno Run		A mosasaurine mosasaur.[6][10]
Russellosaurina indet.			Barnsboro		A russellosaurine mosasaur.[6]

Invertebrate fossils

Bivalves

• Cucullaea vulgaris

Cephalopods

• Baculites ovatus

See also

• Paleontology in New Jersey

References

1. New Egypt Formation in the Paleobiology Database
2. Carter et al., 2008
3. Center~[e-mail], Chase D. Brownstein~Stamford Museum & Nature (2018-02-08). "The biogeography and ecology of the Cretaceous non-avian dinosaurs of Appalachia". Palaeontologia Electronica. Retrieved 2024-12-07.
4. Brownstein, Chase Doran; Bissell, Immanuel (2021). "An elongate hadrosaurid forelimb with biological traces informs the biogeography of the Lambeosaurinae". Journal of Paleontology. 95 (2): 367–375. doi:10.1017/jpa.2020.83. ISSN 0022-3360.
5. Case, Gerard Ramon; Borodin, Paul D.; Leggett, James J. (2001-05-28). "Fossil selachians from the New Egypt Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Late Maastrichtian) of Arneytown, Monmouth County, New Jersey". Palaeontographica Abteilung A: 113–124. doi:10.1127/pala/261/2001/113.
6. "PBDB Collection". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 2024-12-07.
7. "PBDB Collection". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 2024-12-07.
8. "Leptomylus forfex | Shark-References". shark-references.com. Retrieved 2024-12-07.
9. "Proheterodontus creamridgensis | Shark-References". shark-references.com. Retrieved 2024-11-18.
10. "PBDB Collection". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 2024-12-07.
11. "Protoplatyrhina renae | Shark-References". shark-references.com. Retrieved 2024-11-18.

Bibliography

• Carter, M. T. W.; Johnson, R. O.; Chamberlain, J. A.; Mehling, C. (2008), "A new vertebrate fauna from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) New Egypt Formation of New Jersey", Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, 40: 78–79

Further reading

• Brownstein, Chase Doran (2021), "Osteology and phylogeny of small-bodied hadrosauromorphs from an end-Cretaceous marine assemblage", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 191: 180–200, doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa085
• B. Stahl and D. Parris. 2004. The complete dentition of Edaphodon mirificus (Chondrichthyes: Holocephali) from a single individual. Journal of Paleontology 78(2):388-392
• W. B. Gallagher. 1993. The Cretaceous/Tertiary mass extinction event in the North Atlantic coastal plain. The Mosasaur 5:75-154
• W. B. Gallagher. 1984. Paleoecology of the Delaware Valley region. Part II: Cretaceous to Quartenary. The Mosasaur 2:9-43
• E. S. Gaffney. 1975. A revision of the side-necked turtle Taphrosphys sulcatus (Leidy) from the Cretaceous of New Jersey. American Museum Novitates (2571)1-24
• E. L. Troxell. 1925. Hyposaurus, a marine crocodilian. American Journal of Science 9:489-514
• G. R. Wieland. 1905. Structure of the Upper Cretaceous turtles of New Jersey: Agomphus. The American Journal of Science, series 4 20:430-444
• G. R. Wieland. 1904. Structure of the Upper Cretaceous turtles of New Jersey: Lytoloma. The American Journal of Science, series 4 18:183-196
• E. D. Cope. 1875. The Vertebrata of the Cretaceous formations of the west. Report of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories 2:1-303
• E. D. Cope. 1870. Synopsis of the Extinct Batrachia, Reptilia and Aves of North America. Part II. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series 14:105-235
• E. D. Cope. 1866. [On the remains of a gigantic extinct dinosaur, from the Cretaceous Green Sand of New Jersey]. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18:275-279