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Mustafa Fahmi
Mustafa Fahmi
	Fahmy in 1906
Prime Minister of Egypt
	In office; 12 November 1895 – 12 November 1908
Monarch	Abbas II
Preceded by	Nubar Pasha
Succeeded by	Boutros Ghali
	In office; 12 May 1891 – 15 January 1893
Monarchs	Tewfik Pasha; Abbas II
Preceded by	Riaz Pasha
Succeeded by	Hussein Fahri Pasha
Personal details
Born	11 June 1840; Crete, Ottoman Empire
Died	13 September 1914 (aged 74); Cairo, Sultanate of Egypt
Military service
Rank	Lieutenant general

Mustafa Fahmi Pasha (Arabic: مصطفى فهمي باشا; 11 June 1840 – 13 September 1914) was an Egyptian military officer and politician who served as the prime minister of Egypt for two times.

Early life and education

Born in Crete in 1840 to a Turkish family who had earlier settled in Algeria, Fahmi's father was a colonel.^[1] Fahmi graduated from the military academy.^[1]

Career

After graduation, Fahmi joined the Egyptian army and later, he became a lieutenant general. He retired from the army and began to serve as a governor in different provinces, including Minuffiyya, Cairo and lastly, Port Said.^[1] After serving in other low-profile public positions, he was appointed minister of public works in 1879. Then Fahmi served at different cabinet positions: minister of foreign affairs, minister of justice, minister of finance (1884-1887),^[2] minister of interior (three times) and minister of war and marine (two times).^[1]

Fahmi was appointed prime minister on 12 May 1891, replacing Riaz Pasha in the post.^[3] Fahmi remained in office for nearly two years and was sacked by Khedive Abbas II on 15 January 1893.^[4]^[5] The Khedive dismissed him due to his over reliance on the British agency.^[4] Hussein Fahri Pasha replaced Fahmi Pasha as prime minister.^[4]^[5]

Fahmi's second term as prime minister began on 12 November 1895, and he replaced Nubar Pasha in the post. Fahmi remained in the office until 12 November 1908 when he resigned from the post.^[6] Boutros Ghali replaced him as prime minister.^[6]

Personal life and death

Fahmi was among the close allies of Cromer who was the British colonial administrator in Egypt.^[7] Fahmi's daughter, Safiya, was a political activist and a significant figure in the Egyptian society.^[8] She married Saad Zaghlul in 1896.^[9]^[10]

Fahmi died in Cairo on 13 September 1914.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Arthur Goldschmidt (2000). Biographical Dictionary of Modern Egypt. Boulder, CO; London: Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-55587-229-8.
^ Arthur Goldschmidt Jr., ed. (2003). Historical Dictionary of Egypt (4th ed.). Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6586-0.
^ M. W. Daly (1998). "The British Occupation, 1882–1922". In M. W. Daly (ed.). The Cambridge History of Egypt. Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-521-47211-1.
^ ^a ^b ^c Mounah Abdallah Khouri (1971). Poetry and the Making of Modern Egypt: 1882-1922. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 47. GGKEY:3JPP2EBRNW3.
^ ^a ^b Kristin Shawn Tassin (2014). Egyptian nationalism, 1882-1919: Elite competition, transnational networks, empire, and independence (PhD thesis). University of Texas at Austin. p. 28. hdl:2152/28411.
^ ^a ^b Arthur Goldschmidt Jr. (1993). "The Butrus Ghali Family". Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt. 30: 185. doi:10.2307/40000236. JSTOR 40000236.
^ Saad Ghazi Abi-Hamad (2007). Dueling perceptions: British and Egyptian interactions, 1882–1919 (PhD thesis). University of Texas at Austin. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-549-10086-7. ProQuest 304811331.
^ Ahmed Zaki Osman (8 March 2012). "Women's movement: A look back, and forward". Egypt Independent. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
^ Steven A. Cook (2011). The Struggle for Egypt: From Nasser to Tahrir Square. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-19-979532-1.
^ Albert Hourani (1962). Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798-1939. London: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511801990. ISBN 978-0-5118-0199-0.

External links

Media related to Mustafa Fahmi Pasha at Wikimedia Commons

Political offices
Preceded by Riaz Pasha	Prime Minister of Egypt 1891–1893	Succeeded by Hussein Fakhry Pasha
Preceded by Nubar Pasha	Prime Minister of Egypt 1895–1908	Succeeded by Boutros Ghali

[Goldschmidt2000-1] Arthur Goldschmidt (2000). Biographical Dictionary of Modern Egypt. Boulder, CO; London: Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-55587-229-8.

[2] Arthur Goldschmidt Jr., ed. (2003). Historical Dictionary of Egypt (4th ed.). Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6586-0.

[3] M. W. Daly (1998). "The British Occupation, 1882–1922". In M. W. Daly (ed.). The Cambridge History of Egypt. Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-521-47211-1.

[Khouri1971-4] Mounah Abdallah Khouri (1971). Poetry and the Making of Modern Egypt: 1882-1922. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 47. GGKEY:3JPP2EBRNW3.

[kst14-5] Kristin Shawn Tassin (2014). Egyptian nationalism, 1882-1919: Elite competition, transnational networks, empire, and independence (PhD thesis). University of Texas at Austin. p. 28. hdl:2152/28411.

[agjr-6] Arthur Goldschmidt Jr. (1993). "The Butrus Ghali Family". Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt. 30: 185. doi:10.2307/40000236. JSTOR 40000236.

[7] Saad Ghazi Abi-Hamad (2007). Dueling perceptions: British and Egyptian interactions, 1882–1919 (PhD thesis). University of Texas at Austin. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-549-10086-7. ProQuest 304811331.

[8] Ahmed Zaki Osman (8 March 2012). "Women's movement: A look back, and forward". Egypt Independent. Retrieved 11 September 2013.

[9] Steven A. Cook (2011). The Struggle for Egypt: From Nasser to Tahrir Square. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-19-979532-1.

[10] Albert Hourani (1962). Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798-1939. London: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511801990. ISBN 978-0-5118-0199-0.

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