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Merrill carbine
Merrill carbine
	Merrill carbine at the Springfield National Historic Site
Type	Carbine
Place of origin	United States
Service history
In service	1863–1865
Used by	United States; Argentina (Limited)
Wars	American Civil War
Production history
Designer	James H. Merrill
Designed	1858
Manufacturer	Merrill & Thomas, Baltimore, MD
Unit cost	$20 (1861)
No. built	14,500
Specifications
Barrel length	24.5 inches (620 mm)
Calibre	.54
Action	Tilting-block

The Merrill carbine was a breechloader firearm designed by Baltimore, Maryland gunsmith and inventor James H. Merrill. It was one of several firearms either manufactured or altered by Merrill in fulfillment of contracts with the Union government during the U.S. Civil War.^[3]

Overview

The carbine was a single-shot, percussion, breechloader used mainly by Union cavalry units. It used the .54 caliber Minie balls with paper cartridges which were loaded by lifting the top of the breech lever. The barrels were 22 1/8 inches and round with one barrel band.^[3]

Known regiments where the carbines were issued are:

Models

The carbines were produced in two versions: First Type and Second Type. The First Type included a brass patch box in the stock and had the breech lever secured by a flat, knurled latch. The Second Type was produced without the patch box and had the breech lever secured with a rounded, button type latch.^[3]

Other production

James H. Merrill produced or altered several other firearms which include: the Jenks-Merrill carbine; the Merrill rifle; and the Merrill, Latrobe, & Thomas Carbine.

Jenks-Merrill carbine

The Jenks-Merrill carbine was an altered firearm by James H Merrill. The carbine was a .54 caliber, single -shot, percussion, breechloader with a 24 1/4 inch round barrel and two barrel bands. Approximately 300 were modified for the U.S. Navy to use the action from the Merrill carbine.^[3]

Merrill rifle

The Merrill rifle was produced from 1862 to 1865 with a total quantity estimated at over 800. The rifle was a .54 caliber, single -shot, percussion, breechloader with an action identical to the Merrill Carbine, but with a 33-inch barrel, two barrel bands, and a lug for attaching a bayonet. It also had a brass patch box similar to the First Type carbine. Serial numbers are in the "5000 - 14000" range. Of the rifles produced, 770 were purchased by the Union government during the Civil War. Most were issued to infantry regiments with small quantities issued to sharpshooters.^[3]

Merrill, Latrobe, & Thomas carbine

The Merrill, Latrobe, & Thomas carbine was a carbine designed by James Merrill and manufactured by Samuel Remington of E. Remington and Sons in 1855. The carbine was a .58 caliber, single-shot, breechloader with a 21-inch round barrel and a single barrel band. One hundred and seventy were purchased by the U.S. Ordnance Department for trial use.^[3]^[4]

References

^ "FUERZAS MILITARES EN LA GUERRA CIVIL DE 1880" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-01-02.
^ Purchase of arms, House Documents, 1861, P. 155.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Flayderman, Norm (2001). Flayderman's guide to antique American firearms ... and their values (8th ed.). Iola, WI: Krause Publications. pp. 513, 516–517. ISBN 0-87349-313-3.
^ Tate, Thomas K. (October 2013). General Edwin Vose Sumner, USA : a Civil War biography. McFarland. p. 66. ISBN 978-0786472581.