Megabyte

This article is about the decimal unit of data. For binary unit of 1024² bytes, see mebibyte. For other uses, see Megabyte (disambiguation).

"MByte" redirects here. For the battery electric car from Byton, see Byton M-Byte.

Not to be confused with megabit.

v t e Multiple-byte units
Decimal Value Metric 1000 kB kilobyte 1000^2 MB megabyte 1000^3 GB gigabyte 1000^4 TB terabyte 1000^5 PB petabyte 1000^6 EB exabyte 1000^7 ZB zettabyte 1000^8 YB yottabyte 1000^9 RB ronnabyte 1000^10 QB quettabyte	Binary Value IEC Memory 1024 KiB kibibyte KB kilobyte 1024^2 MiB mebibyte MB megabyte 1024^3 GiB gibibyte GB gigabyte 1024^4 TiB tebibyte TB terabyte 1024^5 PiB pebibyte — 1024^6 EiB exbibyte — 1024^7 ZiB zebibyte — 1024^8 YiB yobibyte — — —
Orders of magnitude of data

The megabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. Its recommended unit symbol is MB. The unit prefix mega is a multiplier of 1000000 (10⁶) in the International System of Units (SI).^[1] Therefore, one megabyte is one million bytes of information. This definition has been incorporated into the International System of Quantities.

In the computer and information technology fields, other definitions have been used that arose for historical reasons of convenience. A common usage has been to designate one megabyte as 1048576bytes (2²⁰ B), a quantity that conveniently expresses the binary architecture of digital computer memory. Standards bodies have deprecated this binary usage of the mega- prefix in favor of a new set of binary prefixes,^[2] by means of which the quantity 2²⁰ B is named mebibyte (symbol MiB).

Definitions

The unit megabyte is commonly used for 1000² (one million) bytes or 1024² bytes. The interpretation of using base 1024 originated as technical jargon for the byte multiples that needed to be expressed by the powers of 2 but lacked a convenient name. As 1024 (2¹⁰) approximates 1000 (10³), roughly corresponding to the SI prefix kilo-, it was a convenient term to denote the binary multiple. In 1999, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) published standards for binary prefixes requiring the use of megabyte to denote 1000² bytes, and mebibyte to denote 1024² bytes. By the end of 2009, the IEC Standard had been adopted by the IEEE, EU, ISO and NIST. Nevertheless, the term megabyte continues to be widely used with different meanings.

Base 10

1 MB = 1000000 bytes (= 1000² B = 10⁶ B) is the definition following the rules of the International System of Units (SI), and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).^[2] This definition is used in computer networking contexts and most storage media, particularly hard drives, flash-based storage,^[3] and DVDs, and is also consistent with the other uses of the SI prefix in computing, such as CPU clock speeds or measures of performance. The Mac OS X 10.6 file manager is a notable example of this usage in software. Since Snow Leopard, file sizes are reported in decimal units.^[4]

In this convention, one thousand megabytes (1000 MB) is equal to one gigabyte (1 GB), where 1 GB is one billion bytes.

Base 2

Main article: Mebibyte

1 MB = 1048576 bytes (= 1024² B = 2²⁰ B) is the definition used by Microsoft Windows in reference to computer memory, such as random-access memory (RAM). This definition is synonymous with the unambiguous binary unit mebibyte. In this convention, one thousand and twenty-four megabytes (1024 MB) is equal to one gigabyte (1 GB), where 1 GB is 1024³ bytes (i.e., 1 GiB).

Mixed

1 MB = 1024000 bytes (= 1000×1024 B) is the definition used to describe the formatted capacity of the 1.44 MB 3.5-inch HD floppy disk, which actually has a capacity of 1474560bytes.^[5]

Randomly addressable semiconductor memory doubles in size for each address lane added to an integrated circuit package, which favors counts that are powers of two. The capacity of a disk drive is the product of the sector size, number of sectors per track, number of tracks per side, and the number of disk platters in the drive. Changes in any of these factors would not usually double the size.

Examples of use

1.44 MB floppy disks can store 1,474,560 bytes of data. MB in this context means 1,000×1,024 bytes.

Depending on compression methods and file format, a megabyte of data can roughly be:

• a 1 megapixel bitmap image (e.g. ~1152 × 864) with 256 colors (8 bits/pixel color depth) stored without any compression.
• 6 seconds of 44.1 kHz/16 bit uncompressed CD audio.
• 1 minute of 128 kbit/s MP3 lossy compressed audio.
• a typical English book volume in plain text format (500 pages × 2000 characters per page).

The novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, by Oscar Wilde, hosted on Project Gutenberg as an uncompressed plain text file, is 0.429 MB. Great Expectations is 0.994 MB,^[6] and Moby Dick is 1.192 MB.^[7] The human genome consists of DNA representing 800 MB of data. The parts that differentiate one person from another can be compressed to 4 MB.^[8]

See also

• Timeline of binary prefixes
• Gigabyte § Consumer confusion

References

1. "SI Prefixes". Bureau international des poids et mesures. Archived from the original on June 7, 2007. Retrieved June 1, 2007.
2. "Definitions of the SI units: The binary prefixes". National Institute of Standards and Technology.
3. SanDisk USB Flash Drive "Note: 1 megabyte (MB) = 1 million bytes; 1 gigabyte (GB) = 1 billion bytes."
4. "How Mac OS X reports drive capacity". Apple Inc. 2009-08-27. Retrieved 2009-10-16.
5. Tracing the History of the Computer - History of the Floppy Disk
6. Dickens, Charles (July 1, 1998). Great Expectations – via Project Gutenberg.
7. Melville, Herman (July 1, 2001). Moby Dick; Or, The Whale – via Project Gutenberg.
8. Christley, S.; Lu, Y.; Li, C.; Xie, X. (2008). "Human genomes as email attachments". Bioinformatics. 25 (2): 274–275. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btn582. PMID 18996942.

External links

• Historical Notes About The Cost Of Hard Drive Storage Space
• the megabyte (established definition in Networking and Storage industries; from whatis.com)
• International Electrotechnical Commission definitions
• IEC prefixes and symbols for binary multiples Archived 2004-06-15 at the Wayback Machine