After playing with Salavat Yulaev Ufa for three seasons, Goncharov left as a free agent following the 2017–18 season, opting to sign a one-year contract with HC Spartak Moscow on May 8, 2018.[3]
During his third year with Spartak Moscow in the 2020–21 season, Goncharov played in a reduced role appearing scoreless in just 8 games, before he was demoted to the VHL with affiliate, Khimik Voskresensk. Released from his contract with Spartak, Goncharov returned to former club, Avangard Omsk, on an initial try-out before signing a prorated one-year contract on 7 December 2020.[4]
Prior to the beginning of the 2022–23 season, Goncharov as a free agent was signed to a one-year contract with Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk on 30 August 2022.[5] In adding a veteran presence to the blueline, Goncharov made 40 regular season appearances in totalling 4 goals and 7 points. He was scoreless in five post-season games of a quarterfinals defeat to Ak Bars Kazan.