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Mae Murray
Mae Murray
	Murray in 1916
Born	Marie Adrienne Koenig; May 10, 1885; New York City, U.S.
Died	March 23, 1965 (aged 79); Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Resting place	Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery
Occupations	Actress; dancer; film producer; screenwriter;
Years active	1916–1931
Spouses	; William M. Schwenker Jr. (m. 1908; div. 1910) ; Jay O'Brien (m. 1916; div. 1918) ; Robert Z. Leonard (m. 1918; div. 1925) ; David Mdivani (m. 1926; div. 1934)
Children	1
Signature

Mae Murray (born Marie Adrienne Koenig; May 10, 1885 – March 23, 1965) was an American actress, dancer, film producer, and screenwriter. Murray rose to fame during the silent film era and was known as "The Girl with the Bee-Stung Lips" and "The Gardenia of the Screen".^[2]

Early life

Murray was born in New York City, the second-oldest child of Joseph and Mary (née Miller) Koenig. Her maternal grandparents had emigrated from France while her paternal grandparents had emigrated from Germany. She had two brothers, William Robert and Howard Joseph.^[3]

The family eventually moved to an apartment in the Lower East Side. In May 1896, Murray's father, died from acute gastritis due to his alcoholism. To support the family, her mother took a job as a housekeeper for Harry Payne Whitney.^[4]

Career

Stage

Murray began acting on the Broadway stage in 1906 with dancer Vernon Castle. In 1908, she joined the chorus line of the Ziegfeld Follies, moving to headliner by 1915. Murray became a star of the club circuit in both the United States and Europe, performing with Clifton Webb, Rudolph Valentino, and John Gilbert as some of her many dance partners.^{[citation needed]}

Films

Murray made her motion picture debut in To Have and to Hold in 1916. She became a major star for Universal, starring with Rudolph Valentino in The Delicious Little Devil and Big Little Person in 1919. At the height of her popularity, Murray formed her own production company with Robert Z. Leonard. Critics were sometimes less than thrilled with her over-the-top costumes and exaggerated emoting, but her films were popular with movie-going audiences and financially successful.^{[citation needed]}

In 1925, Murray, Leonard, and Stahl produced films at Tiffany Pictures, with Souls for Sables (1925), starring Claire Windsor and Eugene O'Brien, as the first film made by Tiffany. For a brief period of time, Murray wrote a weekly column for newspaper scion William Randolph Hearst.^{[citation needed]}

At her career peak in the early 1920s, Murray, with other notable Hollywood personalities such as Cecil B. DeMille, Douglas Fairbanks, William S. Hart, Jesse L. Lasky, Harold Lloyd, Hal Roach, Donald Crisp, Conrad Nagel and Irving Thalberg, was a member of the board of trustees at the Motion Picture & Television Fund – a charitable organization that offers assistance and care to those in the motion picture and television industries without resources. Four decades later, Murray received aid from this organization.^{[citation needed]}

In the early 1920s, Murray was painted by Hollywood portrait painter Theodore Lukits. This work titled Symphony in Jade and Gold (The Actress Mae Murray) (1922, private collection, northern California) depicted Murray nude, gazing in a mirror. It was exhibited at the Pacific Asia Museum in 1999 and two other venues as part of the exhibition Theodore Lukits, An American Orientalist.^{[citation needed]}

Decline

Murray appeared in the title role in the Erich von Stroheim-directed film The Merry Widow (1925), with John Gilbert. When silent films gave way to sound film, she debuted in the medium in Peacock Alley (1930), a remake of her earlier 1921 version Peacock Alley. In 1931, she was cast with Irene Dunne, Lowell Sherman, and fellow silent screen star Norman Kerry in Bachelor Apartment. The film was critically panned at the time of release,^{[citation needed]} and Murray made only one more film: High Stakes (1931), also with Sherman.

A critical blow to her film career occurred after she married her fourth husband David Mdivani, a Georgian man of minor aristocratic roots, whose brothers Serge and Alexis married actress Pola Negri and the heiress Barbara Hutton respectively. The couple married on June 27, 1926, and Mdivani became her manager, suggesting that his new wife ought to leave MGM. Murray took her husband's advice and walked out of her contract with MGM, making a powerful foe of studio boss Louis B. Mayer. Later, she swallowed her pride and pleaded to return, but Mayer would not rehire her. In effect, Mayer's hostility meant that Murray was blacklisted from working for the Hollywood studios.^[5]

Meanwhile, in 1927, Murray was sued by her then-masseuse, the famous Hollywood fitness guru Sylvia of Hollywood, for the outstanding amount of $2,125; a humiliating and detailed court case followed.^[6]

Later years

In the 1940s, Murray appeared regularly at Billy Rose's Diamond Horseshoe, a nightclub that specialized in a "Gay '90s" atmosphere, often presenting stars of the past for nostalgic value. Her appearances collected mixed reviews: her dancing (in particular the Merry Widow Waltz) was well received, but she was criticized for her youthful costumes and heavy makeup application, which were seen as attempts to conceal her age. In 1946 she taught ballroom dancing to teenagers at a dance studio in Los Angeles. It was located on Crenshaw Blvd., near 48th Street.

Murray's finances continued to collapse, and for most of her later life, she lived in poverty. She was the subject of the authorized biography The Self-Enchanted (1959), written by Jane Ardmore, that has been incorrectly called Murray's autobiography.

On the evening of February 19, 1964, 78-year-old Murray was found disoriented in St. Louis, thinking that she had completed a bus trip to New York City. Murray explained to a Salvation Army officer that she had become lost trying to find her hotel, which she had forgotten the name of. She also refused bus fare back to Los Angeles as she claimed to have a ticket for the remainder of the journey in her purse "if she could find it."^[7]

Personal life

In September 1908, in Hoboken, New Jersey, while she was appearing in the Follies of 1908, Murray married William M. Schwenker Jr. (born 1885), the unemployed son of a brewery-supply dealer, who cut off his son's allowance upon news of the wedding;^[8] they divorced in 1910. On December 18, 1916, she married former dancer and future Olympic bobsled champion Jay O'Brien. He had been married to Irene Fenwick.

After divorcing O'Brien in 1918,^[1] Murray wed movie director Robert Z. Leonard on August 18, 1918; they divorced on May 26, 1925.

Murray married David Mdivani, her fourth husband, on June 27, 1926. They had one child, Koran David Mdivani (1926-2018), then divorced in 1933. Koran later was raised by Sara Elizabeth "Bess" Cunning of Averill Park, New York, who began taking care of him in 1936 when the child was recovering from a double mastoid operation (Cunning's brother Dr. David Cunning was the surgeon). When Murray attempted to regain custody of her son in 1939, Cunning and her other brothers, John, Ambrose, and Cortland, refused, according to The New York Times, at which time Murray and her former husband Mdivani entered a bitter custody dispute. It finally ended in 1940, with Murray being given legal custody of the child and the court's ordering Mdivani to pay $400 per month in support. However, Koran Mdivani continued to live with Bess Cunning, who adopted him in 1940 under the name Daniel Michael Cunning.^[9] Reportedly, Mdivani had managed to drain nearly all of Murray's money.^[5]

Murray campaigned for the reelection of President Herbert Hoover in 1932.^[10]

Death

Many years later, Murray moved into the Motion Picture House in Woodland Hills, California, a retirement community for Hollywood professionals. She died there on March 23, 1965, at the age of 79.^[11] She is interred in Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery in North Hollywood, California.

For her contribution to the motion picture industry, Mae Murray has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6318 Hollywood Blvd. She was one of three actresses (Pola Negri and Theda Bara were the others) whose eyes were combined to form the Chicago International Film Festival's logo, a stark, black-and-white close-up of the composite eyes set as repeated frames in a strip of film.^[12]

Filmography

Key
†	Denotes a lost or presumed lost film.

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1916	To Have and to Hold †	Lady Jocelyn
	Sweet Kitty Bellairs †	Kitty Bellairs
	The Dream Girl †	Meg Dugan
	The Big Sister †	Betty Norton
	The Plow Girl †	Margot
1917	On Record †	Helen Wayne
	A Mormon Maid	Dora
	The Primrose Ring †	Margaret MacLean
	At First Sight †	Justina
	Princess Virtue	Lianne Demarest
	Face Value	Joan Darby	Writer (story)
1918	The Bride's Awakening	Elaine Bronson
	Her Body in Bond †	Peggy Blondin	Alternative title: The Heart of an Actress
	Modern Love †	Della Arnold	Writer (story)
	The Taming of Kaiser Bull †	Miss America	Short
	Danger, Go Slow †	Mugsy Mulane	Writer
1919	The Scarlet Shadow †	Elena Evans
	The Twin Pawns	Daisy/Violet White	Alternative title: The Curse of Greed
	The Delicious Little Devil	Mary McGuire
	What Am I Bid? †	Betty Yarnell	Alternative title: Girl For Sale
	The Big Little Person †	Arathea Manning
	The A.B.C. of Love	Kate
1920	On with the Dance	Sonia
	Right to Love	Lady Falkland
	Idols of Clay	Faith Merrill
1921	The Gilded Lily	Lillian Drake
1922	Peacock Alley	Cleo of Paris
	Fascination †	Dolores de Lisa
	Broadway Rose	Rosalie Lawrence
1923	Jazzmania	Ninon
	The French Doll †	Georgine Mazulier
	Fashion Row †	Olga Farinova/Zita (her younger sister)
1924	Mademoiselle Midnight	Renée de Gontran/Renée de Quiros
1924	Circe, the Enchantress	Circe (mythical goddess)/Cecilie Brunne	Alternative title: Circe
1925	The Merry Widow	Sally O'Hara
1925	The Masked Bride †	Gaby
1926	Valencia †	Valencia	Alternative title: The Love Song
1927	Altars of Desire	Claire Sutherland
1930	Peacock Alley	Claire Tree
1931	Bachelor Apartment	Mrs. Agatha Carraway	Alternative title: Apartamento de Soltero
1931	High Stakes	Dolly Jordan Lennon

References

Notes

^ ^a ^b "Film Star Obtains Divorce", Motion Picture World, August 31, 1918, pg. 1239
^ Wortis Leider, Emily (2004). Dark Lover: The Life and Death of Rudolph Valentino. Macmillan. p. 64. ISBN 0-571-21114-3.
^ Ankerich, Michael G. (2012). Mae Murray: The Girl with the Bee-Stung Lips. Brownlow, Kevin. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 9–11. ISBN 978-0-813-13690-5.
^ Ankerich, Michael G. (2012). Mae Murray: The Girl with the Bee-Stung Lips. Brownlow, Kevin. University Press of Kentucky. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-813-13690-5.
^ ^a ^b Program Note for "High Stakes" issued by Films on the Hill, Washington DC (June 13, 2009).
^ Hollywood Undressed: Observations of Sylvia As Noted by Her Secretary (1931) Brentano's.
^ "Star of silent film days found wandering, lost". Ottawa Citizen. February 21, 1964. Retrieved February 3, 2013.
^ "Wedding Breakfast Made Him Bankrupt", The New York Times, April 10, 1909.
^ "Mae Murray Sues for Son's Custody: Asserts Up-State Family Refuses to Give Up Mdivani", The New York Times, September 14, 1939, p. 28; "Mae Murray Opens Fight for Her Son", The New York Times, September 29, 1939, p. 20; "Mae Murray Wins Case", The New York Times, March 5, 1940, p. 24.
^ "Editorial". The Napa Valley Register. November 2, 1932. p. 6.
^ Thomas, Bob (May 29, 1965). "Mae Murray Played Role of Star Right Up to Death at 79". St. Joseph News-Press. p. 3A. Retrieved November 19, 2012.
^ About Our Logo – The Chicago International Film Festival.

Bibliography

Jane Kesner Morris Ardmore, The Self-Enchanted: Mae Murray, Image of an Era. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959)
"The Rise to Stardom of Mae Murray" by Jimmy Bangley in Classic Images August 1996 (Muscatine, Iowa: Muscatine Journal, 1996)
F. Cugat, "Mae Murray's Victory", Movie Weekly (August 19, 1922)
Frances Marion, Off with Their Heads! (New York: Macmillan Publishers, 1972)
Adela Rogers St. Johns, "Mae Murray-A Study in Contradictions", Photoplay (July 1924), 43