This article contains persons named in the Bible, specifically in the Hebrew Bible, of minor notability, about whom little or nothing is known, aside from some family connections. Here are the names which start with L-Z; for A-K see there.
Lael (Hebrew לָאֵל "belonging to God") was a member of the house of Gershon according to Numbers 3:24. He was the father of Eliasaph. Neither of these is named in the Gershonite list in 1 Chronicles 23:7–11.
Lahmi
Lahmi, according to 1 Chronicles 20:5, was the brother of Goliath, killed by David's warrior Elhanan. See also Elhanan, son of Jair.
Laish
This entry is about the individual named Laish. For the city Dan, known also as Laish, see Dan (ancient city).
Laish is a name which appears in 1 Samuel 25:44 and 2 Samuel 3:15, where it is the name of the father of Palti, or Paltiel, the man who was married to Saul's daughter Michal before she was returned to David.
Lapidoth
Lapidoth was the husband of Deborah, the fourth judge of Israel, according to Judges 4:4.
Letushim
Letushim appears as a son of Dedan according to Genesis 25:3.
Libni (Hebrew לִבְנִי) was a son of Gershon of the house of Levi according to Exodus 6:17 and Numbers 3:18. He was born in Egypt. His descendants are referred to as the 'Libnites'.[1] The first born son of Gershon is named as Laadan (or Ladan) in 1 Chronicles 23:7–9.
Likhi
Likhi son of Shemida is listed in a genealogy of the tribe of Manasseh. He is mentioned only in 1 Chronicles 7:19.[2]
Lo-Ammi
Lo-Ammi (Hebrew for "not my people") was the youngest son of Hosea and Gomer. He had an older brother named Jezreel and an older sister named Lo-Ruhamah. God commanded Hosea to name him "Lo-Ammi" to symbolize his anger with the people of Israel (see Hosea 1:1–9).
Lo-Ruhamah
Lo-Ruhamah (Hebrew for "not loved") was the daughter of Hosea and Gomer. She had an older brother named Jezreel and a younger brother named Lo-Ammi. Her name was chosen by God to symbolize his displeasure with the people of Israel (see Hosea 1:1–9).
Maacah was the youngest son of Nahor and his concubine Reumah, he is only mentioned in one verse in the Bible which is Genesis 22:24.
Maadai
Maadai, son of Bani is found in Ezra 10:34, in a list of men recorded as having married foreign women.
Maadiah
Maadiah appears in a list of priests and Levites said to have accompanied Zerubbabel in Nehemiah 12:5.
Maai
Maai (Hebrew: מָעַי) was a musician who was a relative of Zechariah, a descendant of Asaph. He is mentioned once, as part of the ceremony for the dedication of the rebuilt Jerusalem wall (Nehemiah 12:36), where he was part of the group that processed southwards behind Ezra.[3] His name is omitted in the Septuagint translation of the passage, as are the names of five other relatives of Zechariah mentioned in the same verse.[4] The name is otherwise unattested.[5] Blenkinsopp suggests that Maai is a diminutive nickname.[5] Mandel proposes its Hebrew origin means "sympathetic".[6]
Maaseiah
Several men called Maaseiah (Hebrew מַעֲשֵׂיָה or מַעֲשֵׂיָהוּ maaseyah(u) "Work of YHWH") are mentioned in the Bible:
One of the "captains of hundreds" associated with Jehoiada in restoring king Jehoash to the throne 2 Chronicles23:1
The "king's son", probably one of the sons of king Ahaz, killed by Zichri in the invasion of Judah by Pekah, king of Israel 2 Chronicles28:7
One who was sent by king Josiah to repair the temple 2 Chronicles 34:8. He was governor (Heb. sar, rendered elsewhere in the Authorized Version "prince," "chief captain", chief ruler") of Jerusalem.
The son of Shallum, "the keeper of the threshold" (Jeremiah 35:4) "may be the father of the priest Zephaniah mentioned in [Jeremiah] 21:1; 29:25; 37:3".[7]
One of the sons of Jeshua who had married a foreign wife during the exile (Ezra 10:18).
Maasiai
Hebrew for "Worker of Yahweh", one of the priests resident at Jerusalem at the Captivity 1 Chronicles9:12
Maaz
Maaz was one of the sons of Ram the firstborn of Jerahmeel. His brothers were: Jamin and Eker. He is mentioned briefly in 1 Chronicles2:27.
Machnadebai is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible only once, in Ezra 10:40, where the name appears in a list of people alleged to have married foreign women.[8]
Magpiash
Magpiash, according to Nehemiah 10:20, was one of the men who signed a covenant between God and the people of Yehud Medinata.
Mahalath
Mahalath, one of the wives of Esau, and a daughter of Ishmael (Genesis 28:6–9). Thought to be the same as Basemath of Genesis 36.
Maher-shalal-hash-baz ("Hurry to spoil!" or "He has made haste to the plunder!") was the second mentioned son of the prophet Isaiah (Isaiah 8.1–4). The name is a reference to the impending plunder of Samaria and Damascus by the king of Assyria. The name is the longest personal name in the Bible.
Malchiel (Hebrew מַלְכִּיאֵל "my king is God") was a son of Beriah the son of Asher, according to Genesis 46:17 and Numbers 26:45. He was one of the 70 persons to migrate to Egypt with Jacob. According to 1 Chronicles 7:31, he was the ancestor of the Malchielites, a group within the Tribe of Asher.
Manahath is one of the sons of Shobal. His brothers names were: Ebal, Shepho, Onam, and Alvan (Genesis 36:23).
Maon
According to 1 Chronicles 2:45, Maon was a member of the clan of Caleb, the son of Shammai and the father of Beth Zur.
Marsena
Marsena appears in Esther 1:14 as one of seven Persian and Medean princes.[11] Marsena also advised King Ahasuerus.
See also: Carshena. There exists the presumption that both counselors have Persian names.
Mash
Mash was a son of Aram according to Genesis 10:23. In Arabic traditions, Mash is considered the father of Nimrod (not Nimrod bin Kush bin Kanan), who begot Kinan, who in turn begot another Nimrod, and the lattermost's descendants mixed with those of Asshur (i.e. Assyrians).[12]Tse Tsan-Tai identifies his descendants with the indigenous peoples of Siberia.[13]
Massa
Hebrew word meaning tribute or burden, one of the sons of Ishmael, the founder of an Arabian tribe (Gen. 25:14); a nomadic tribe inhabiting the Arabian desert toward Babylonia.
Matred
Matred, according to Genesis 36:39 and 1 Chronicles 1:50, was the mother-in-law of the Edomite king Hadad II.[14]
Matri
Matri, of the Tribe of Benjamin, was an ancestor of Saul according to 1 Samuel 10:21. Matri's clan, or the family of the Matrites, was chosen, and, from them, Saul the son of Kish was chosen to be king. The family of the Matrites is nowhere else mentioned in the Hebrew Bible; the conjecture, therefore, is that Matri is probably a corruption of Bikri, i.e. a descendant of Becher (Genesis 46:21).[15]
Mattan
Mattan (Mathan in the Douay–Rheims translation) was a priest of the temple of Baal in Jerusalem who was killed during the uprising against Athaliah when King Azariah's remaining son, Jehoash, was appointed king of Judah (2 Kings 11:18).
Mattattah
Mattattah (KJV: Mattathah) was one of the descendants of Hashum mentioned in Ezra 10:33 along with Mattenai, Zabda, Eliphelet, Jeremai, Manasseh and Shimei who married foreign wives.
Matthanias
Two men called Matthanias are mentioned in 1 Esdras, one each mentioned in 1 Esdras 9:27 and 9:31. In both passages, the parallel text in Ezra 10:26 and 10:30 contains the name Mattaniah.[16]
In Genesis4:18, Mehujael (Hebrew: מְחוּיָאֵל – Məḥūyāʾēl or מְחִיּיָאֵל; Greek: Μαιηλ – Maiēl) is a descendant of Cain, the son of Irad and the father of Methushael.
The name means "El (or) the god enlivens."[17]
Melatiah the Gibeonite is a person who, according to Nehemiah 3:7, was responsible for rebuilding a portion of the wall of Jerusalem after the end of the Babylonian captivity.
Melech
King, the second of Micah's four sons 1 Chronicles8:35), and thus grandson of Mephibosheth. Also related to a southwest Asian god, see Melech
Melzar
Probably a Persian word meaning master of wine, i.e., chief butler; the title of an officer at the Babylonian court Daniel1:11, Daniel1:16 who had charge of the diet of the Hebrew youths. Daniel had a providential relationship of "favour and tender love" with Melzar (Daniel1:9).
Merab
"Merab" redirects here. For the (unrelated) masculine given name, see Merab (given name).
Merab was the elder of Saul's two daughters (1 Samuel14:49). She was offered in marriage to David after his victory over Goliath, but does not seem to have entered heartily into this arrangement (1 Samuel 18:17–19). She was at length, however, married to Adriel of Abel-Meholah, a town in the Jordan valley, about 10 miles south of Bethshean (Beit She'an), with whom the house of Saul maintained an alliance. She had five sons, who were all put to death by the Gibeonites on the hill of Gibeah (2 Samuel 21:8). Merab is also a common feminine name in Israel.
Meraiah
A chief priest, a contemporary of the high priest Joiakim (Neh 12:12).
Meraioth
Father of Amariah, a priest of the line of Eleazar (1 Chronicles6:6–7), (1 Chronicles6:52). It is uncertain if he ever was the high priest.
A priest who went to Jerusalem with Zerubbabel (Nehemiah12:15). He is called Meremoth in Neh 12:3.
Meremoth
A priest who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel (Nehemiah12:3), to whom were sent the sacred vessels (Ezra8:33) belonging to the temple. He took part in rebuilding the walls of Jerusalem (Neh 3:4).
Meres
Meres is listed in Esther 1:14 as one of seven officials in the service of Ahasuerus.
Mibzar was an Edomite clan (possibly named after an eponymous chieftain) mentioned in Genesis 36:31-43.
Micah
Micah was the son of Shimei and The Father of Reaiah.
Michael
Michael (is the masculine given name that comes from Hebrew: מִיכָאֵל / מיכאל (Mīkhāʼēl, pronounced [miχaˈʔel]), derived from the question מי כאל mī kāʼēl, meaning "Who is like God?") is the name of 8 minor biblical individuals besides from the Archangel Michael.
Michael was the 6th son of Beriah the head of the family of those living in Aijalon and who drove out the inhabitants of Gath of the tribe of Benjamin. (1 Chronicles 8:16)
Michael was a Manassite and one of David's mighty warriors in Ziklag. (1 Chronicles 2:20)
Michael was an ancestor of Asaph as the son of Baaseiah and the father of Shimea as a Gershonite Levite. (1 Chronicles 6:40)
Michael was the father of Omri, the leader of the tribe of Judah and the time of David. (1 Chronicles 27:18)
Michael was one of the sons of King Jehoshaphat who was killed by Joram his brother in the process of being king. (2 Chronicles 21:2–4)
Michaiah
Two men called Michaiah (Hebrew: מיכיה Mikayah "Who is like Yah?") are mentioned in the Bible:
Michaiah, son of Imri (q.v.)
Michaiah, the son of Gemariah, the son of Shaphan (Jeremiah 36:11), who heard Baruch's reading of the oracles of YHVH to Jeremiah, and reported to king Johoiakim
Michri
"Prize of Jehovah" or "Selling", a Benjamite, the father of Uzzi (1 Chronicles9:8).
Mijamin
Three men called Mijamin (also spelled Miamin, Miniamin, Minjamin) ("from the right hand") are mentioned in the Bible:
A chief priest who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel (Nehemiah 12:5), who signed the renewed covenant with God. (Nehemiah 10:8) In the time of Joiakim his family had joined with that of Moadiah, and was led by Piltai. He was also called Miniamin. (Neh12:17)
A non-priestly Mijamin son of Parosh is mentioned in Ezra10:25 as one of those who divorced a gentile wife, and sacrificed a ram in atonement.
Miniamin (or Mijamin) was one of the agents appointed under Kore in the time of King Hezekiah to distribute a share of the plenty to the priests in the Levitical cities of Judah (2 Chronicles 31:15.
Mishael was one of the three Hebrew youths who were trained with Daniel in Babylon (Dan. 1:11, 19). He and his companions were cast into and miraculously delivered from the fiery furnace for refusing to worship the king's idol (3:13–30). Mishael's Babylonian name was Meshach.
Mishma
Mishma, son of Simeon (1 Chron. 4:25–26).
Mishmannah
(Hebrew מִשְׁמַנָּה) one of the Gadite heroes who gathered to David at Ziklag (1 Chronicles12:10).
Mithredath
(Hebrew: מִתְרְדָת; Greek: Μιθραδάτης; Latin: Mithridates) The Hebrew form of the Persian name Mithridates meaning 'given/dedicated to the sun'.[22]
Naaman is the fifth son of Benjamin in Genesis 46:21, but the son of Bela and therefore the grandson of Benjamin according to Numbers 26:38-40 and 1 Chronicles 8:4 He is not mentioned among the sons of Bela in 1 Chronicles 7:7.
Naarah
According to the Hebrew Bible, Naarah was one of the two wives of Ashur the son of Hezron which bore Ashur: Ahuzam, Hepher, Temeni and Haahashtari according to 1 Chronicles 4:6.
Naboth
Naboth was a minor figure known for owning a vineyard that king Ahab wished to have for himself. When Naboth was unwilling to give up the vineyard, Ahab's wife Jezebel instigated a plot to have Naboth killed. See 1 Kings 21.
Nahath, son of Reuel, son of Esau appears in a genealogy of the Edomites, found in Genesis 36:13 and repeated in 1 Chronicles 1:37. According to the Encyclopaedia Biblica', this Nahath is probably the same figure as the Naham of 1 Chronicles 4:19 and the Naam of 1 Chronicles 4:15.[24]
A Nahath appears in the ancestry of Samuel according to 1 Chronicles 6:26 (verse 11 in some Bibles).
A Nahath appears in a list of Levite supervisors in the time of Hezekiah, in 2 Chronicles 31:13
Naphish (once Nephish in the King James Version) is one of the sons of Ishmael. After him an Ishmaelite tribe is named.[25] The name נפיש in Hebrew means "refreshed".[26] His tribe is listed with Jetur, and is assumed to have resided nearby and lived a nomadic, animal-herding lifestyle in sparsely populated land east of the Israelites.[27]Psalm 83,[28][29] however lists these as Hagarites separately from the other ten tribes which lived more southernly.
Naphtuhim
Naphtuhim is a son of Mizraim and grandson of Ham first mentioned in Genesis 10:13. According to the medieval biblical exegete, Saadia Gaon, his descendants inhabited the town of Birma (Al Gharbiyah region, Egypt), and were formerly known as Parmiin.[30]
Neariah
Two men called "Neariah" appear in the Bible. Neariah the son of Shemaiah, was a descendant of David, and father of Elionenai (1 Chronicles 3:22). The other Neariah was, according to 1 Chronicles, a leader in the Tribe of Simeon (1 Chronicles 4:42).
Nebat
Nebat (Hebrew: נבט nebat "Sprout", Douay–Rheims: Nabat), an Ephraimite of Zereda, was the father of King Jeroboam.[31]
Nebuzaradan
Nebuzaradan (the biblical form of his name, derived from the Babylonian form Nabu-zar-iddin, meaning "Nabu has given a seed")[32] was the captain of Nebuchadnezzar's bodyguard, according to the Bible. He is mentioned in 2 Kings 25:8, 11, 20;Jeremiah 52:30; Jeremiah 39:9,11, 40:2, 5.
Nedabiah
Nedabiah, according to 1 Chronicles 3:18, was one of the sons of king Jeconiah.
Nekoda was the ancestor of 652 Jews who returned from Babylonia with Ezra, but were declared ineligible to serve as Kohanim (priests) because they could not prove that their ancestors had been Kohanim. This is recounted in Ezra 2:48,60 and in Nehemiah 7:50, 62, where the number of men is given as 642.
Obed was the father of Azariah, one of the "commanders of the hundreds" who formed part of Jehoiada's campaign to restore the kingship to Joash in 2 Chronicles 23:1.
Obil
Obil was an Ishmaelite, a keeper of camels in the time of David, according to 1 Chronicles 27:30.
Ocran
Ocran was a member of the house of Asher according to Numbers 1:13. He was the father of Pagiel.
Ohad
Ohad was the third son of Simeon according to Genesis 46:10 and Exodus 6:15. He was one of the 70 souls to migrate to Egypt with Jacob.
On
On, the son of Peleth, of the Tribe of Reuben, was a participant in Korah's rebellion against Moses according to Numbers 16:1. On is referred to as "Hon" in the Douai Bible translation. He is mentioned alongside Korah, Dathan and Abiram as the instigators of the rebellion, but not referred to later when Korah, Dathan and Abiram were challenged and punished for their rebellion.
This is about the Paltiel in the Book of Numbers. For the other Paltiel, see Palti, son of Laish.
Paltiel (Hebrew פַּלְטִיאֵל "delivered by God") was a prince of the tribe of Issachar, one of those appointed by Moses to superintend the division of Canaan among his tribe (Num. 34:26).
Parmashta
Parmashta appears briefly in Esther 9:9, where he is listed as one of the ten sons of Haman, who is the primary antagonist of the Book of Esther because of his desire to wipe out the Jews.
One of the chiefs mentioned in Nehemiah 10:14 and a leader of the people who signed the covenant with Nehemiah.
Parshandatha
Parshandatha, also Pharsandatha,[34] was one of the ten sons of Haman. He was killed by a Jew or Jews (the account in the Book of Esther is unclear) and Esther had his corpse impaled (see Esther 9:5–14).
Paruah
Paruah is mentioned in 1 Kings 4:17 as the father of "Jehoshaphat son of Peruah", a governor governing the territory of the Tribe of Issachar under Solomon.
Paseah
Paseah is the name of two figures in the Hebrew Bible. In a genealogy of Judah, a Paseah appears (1 Chronicles 4:12) as the son of Eshton, the son of Mehir, the son of Chelub. Another Paseah is mentioned indirectly (Nehemiah 3:6) by way of his son Jehoiada, a repairer of a section of the wall of Jerusalem.
Two men called Pelaiah are mentioned in the Bible. In 1 Chronicles 3:23, a Pelaiah appears in a genealogy. He is listed as one of the sons of Elioenai, the son of Neariah, the son of Shemaiah, the son of Shechaniah. The other Pelaiah appears in Nehemiah (8:7; 10:10) as a Levite who helped to explain biblical law to the inhabitants of Yehud Medinata and signed a document against intermarriage between Jews and non-Jews.
Pelaliah
Pelaliah (Hebrew Pĕlalyāh) is mentioned in Nehemiah 11:12, which lists a descendant of his as a priestly leader in Jerusalem. The descendant is specified as "Adaiah son of Jeroham son of Pelaliah son of Amzi son of Zechariah son of Pashhur son of Malchiah."
Pelatiah
Pelatiah (Hebrew: פלטיהו Pelatyahu, meaning "whom Jehovah delivered")[35] the son of Benaiah, a prince of the people (Ezekiel 11:1), was among the 25 men who Ezekiel saw at the East Gate of the temple. He fell dead upon hearing the prophecy regarding Jerusalem (Ezekiel 11:13).
Peulthai, according to 1 Chronicles 26:5, was the eighth of Obed-edom's eight sons. The passage in which they are listed records gatekeepers of the temple at Jerusalem.
Pinon is listed as one of the "chiefs" of Edom, in Genesis 36:41, and, in a copy of the same list, in 1 Chronicles 1:52.
Piram
Piram, according to Joshua 10:3, was the king of Jarmuth.
Pochereth-hazzebaim
Pochereth-hazzebaim was one of Solomon's servants whose descendants returned from the exile with Zerubbabel. (Nehemiah 7:59;Ezra 2:57) He was the head of a family who returned from Babylon. The King James Version has his name modified into Pochereth of Hazzebeim but of was not in 1611 edition of the KJV. In 1 Esdras 5:34 he is called Phacareth.
Poratha
Poratha, according to Esther 9:8, was one of the ten sons of Haman, the antagonist of the Book of Esther who attempted to wipe out the Jewish people.
Pul
Pul was an abbreviation for the Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser III. Pul attacked Israel in the reign of Menahem and extracted tribute. 2 Kings 15:19
Putiel
Putiel was the father of Eleazar's wife according to Exodus 6:25. According to Rashi this was another name of Jethro.
Ramiah, according to Ezra 10:25, was an Israelite layperson, a member of the group named "sons of Parosh", who was guilty of marrying a foreign woman.
Rapha
Rapha, according to the Septuagint version of 2 Samuel 21:16, was the parent of Jesbi, the name in that version for the giant referred to in the Massoretic text as Ishbi-benob.[36] In the Latin Vulgate, he is referred to as Arapha or Arafa.[37]
Rechab (Hebrew: רֵכָבRēḵāḇ) is the name of three men in the Bible:
One of the two "captains of bands" whom Saul's son Ish-bosheth took into his service, and who conspired to kill him. (2 Samuel 4:2)
A Kenite, mentioned as the father of Jehonadab at King Jehu's time, from whom the tribe of the Rechabites derived their name.[38] Jehonadab and his people had all along become worshippers of God.
Regem is named in 1 Chronicles 2:47 as one of the sons of Jahdai, a figure who appears in a genealogy associated with Caleb.
Regem-melech
A figure called Regem-melech, along with a "Sharezer", came, according to some interpretations of Zechariah 7:2, to Bethel to ask a question about fasts. It is unclear whether the name is intended as a title or as a proper name.[39] The grammar of the verse is difficult and several interpretations have been proposed.[40]
Rehabiah
Rehabiah is a figure mentioned three times in the Hebrew Bible, as the ancestor of a group of Levites. He is identified as the son of Eliezer the son of Moses (1 Chronicles 23:17; 26:25). Chronicles identifies him as the father of a person named Isshiah (Hebrew Yiššiyāh, 1 Chronicles 24:21) or Jeshaiah (Hebrew Yĕshaʿyāhû, 1 Chronicles 26:25).
Rehob
Rehob (Hebrew: רחב which can be translated into Rahab) was the name of 2 biblical figures:
The father of Hadadezer the king of Zobah and could possibly be the predecessor of Hadadezer. He is mentioned in 2 Samuel 8:3 and 2 Samuel 8:12.
Rehum refers to four or five biblical figures.[41]
A Rehum is mentioned in Ezra 2:2, who is called Nehum in Nehemiah 7:7. He appears in passing, in two copies of a list of people said to have come from Persia to Yehud Medinata under the leadership of Nehemiah. He may be the same individual mentioned in Nehemiah 12:3.
A Rehum is mentioned in Nehemiah 12:3, where he is listed as part of a group of priests associated with Zerubbabel.
Rehum son of Bani, a Levite, appears in a list of people who contributed to building Nehemiah's wall in Nehemiah 3:17.
Rehum, a member of a group of priests associated with Zerubbabel according to Nehemiah 12:3.
Rehum was an official, according to Ezra 4:8–23, who along with collaborators opposed the Jewish attempt to rebuild Jerusalem.
Rephaiah
Rephaiah is the name of 3 biblical figures:
Rephaiah (Hebrew רְפָיָה "the Lord has healed"), a descendant of David was the father of Arnan and the son of Jeshaiah.
Rephaiah the son of Hur the ruler of the half part of Jerusalem according to the Book of Nehemiah.
Rephaiah the son of Binea and the father of Eleasah, also called Rapha.
Rekem (Hebrew רֶקֶם) refers to more than one individual in the Hebrew Bible:
Rekem was one of five Midianite kings killed during the time of Moses by an Israelite expedition led by Phinehas, son of Eleazar according to Numbers 31:8 and Joshua 13:21. Josephus identifies Rekem with the king who built Petra, a city later associated with the Nabateans.[42] He indicates that in his time the local population still called it Rekem after this founder, and in fact, according to modern scholarship the Nabateans themselves referred to it by this name RQM (רקם)[43] in the Aramaic alphabet they used, spelled identically as the Biblical name.
According to 1 Chronicles 2:43–44, Hebron, a figure associated with the biblical Caleb, was the father of a person named Rekem.
According to 1 Chronicles 7:16, Machir the son of Manasseh was the ancestor of a figure named Rekem. In this last passage, the King James Version spells the name as Rakem.
Rephael
In 1 Chronicles26:7–8, Rephael (Hebrew: רְפָאֵל, Modern: Refaʾel, Tiberian: Rəp̄āʾēl, "healed of God") was one of Shemaiah's sons. He and his brethren, on account of their "strength for service," formed one of the divisions of the temple porters.
Reumah
Reumah, according to Genesis 22:24, was the concubine of Abraham's brother Nahor, and the mother of his children Tebah, Gaham, Tahash, and Maachah.
Rezon
According to 1 Kings 11:23– Rezon (Hebrew: רזון Rezon) became regent in Damascus and was an adversary of Solomon.
Rinnah appears once in the Bible, as the son of a man named Shimon (1 Chronicles 4:20) in a genealogy of Tribe of Judah. Neither Shimon's origin nor precise relationship to Judah is given.
Rohgah
In 1 Chronicles 7, Rohgah, also spelled Rohagah, was one of the sons of Shamer (the vocalization found in v. 34) or Shomer (the vocalization found in v. 32), who is identified as the son of Heber, the son of Beriah, the son of the tribal patriarch Asher.
Romamti-ezer
Romamti-ezer appears twice in the Hebrew Bible, both times in 1 Chronicles 25. In verse 4 he is identified as one of the fourteen sons of Heman, one of three men who according to Chronicles were assigned to be in charge of musical worship in the Temple of Jerusalem. Later in the chapter, 288 assigned to the musical service are divided into twenty-four groups of twelve. The twenty-fourth group is assigned to Romamti-ezer (verse 31).
A nation named Rosh is also possibly mentioned in Ezekiel 38:2–3, 39:1 "Son of man, set your face toward Gog, the land of Magog, the prince of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal; and prophesy concerning him."
This translation "Rosh" is found in NASB but not in KJV and most modern versions. Also in a variant reading of Isaiah 66:19 (MT) and the Septuagint Jeremiah 32:23.[citation needed] Many scholars categorize this as a mistranslation of נְשִׂ֕יא רֹ֖אשׁ, nesi ro'š ("chief prince"), rather than a toponym [citation needed].
However, the three oldest translations of the Old Testament (The Septuagint, Theodotion and Symmachus) all transliterate the word "rosh" into the Greek in Ezekiel 38 and 39, thus treating it as a proper noun and suggesting they viewed this word as a toponym. Significantly, these same translations choose to translate and not transliterate the same Hebrew word into its Greek interpretations in other chapters (e.g. Ezekiel 40:1).
Sachia (also Sakia) appears only in 1 Chronicles 8:10, where he is listed as one of the "sons" of Shaharaim. The King James Version spells the name Shachia.
Saph is a figure briefly mentioned in a section of 2 Samuel which discusses four yelide haraphah killed by Israelites. According to 2 Samuel 21:18, a war broke out between Israel and the Philistines. During the battle, Sibbecai the Hushathite, one of David's Mighty Warriors, killed Saph, who was one of the four. The expression yelide haraphah is rendered several different ways in translations of the Bible: "the descendants of Rapha" (NIV, NLT), "the descendants of the giants" (ESV, NLT[44]), "the descendants of the giant" (NASB, Holman), and "the sons of the giant" (KJV, ASV). While most interpreters the phrase as a statement about the ancestry of the four people killed, describing them as descended from giants, another interpretation takes the phrase as meaning "votaries of Rapha," in reference to a deity by that name to which a group of warriors would have been associated.[45][46]
Sarsekim, also spelled Sarsechim, is a name or title, or a portion of a name or title, which appears in Jeremiah 39:3. Jeremiah describes Babylonian officials, some named and the rest unnamed, who according to the text sat down "in the middle gate" of Jerusalem during its destruction in 587 or 586 BCE. The portion which explicitly gives the names and/or titles of the officials reads, in Hebrew, nrgl śr ʾṣr smgr nbw śr skym rb srys nrgl śr ʾṣr rb-mg. Various interpretations have divided the names in various ways. The King James Version, sticking closely to the grammatical indicators added to the text by the Masoretes during the Middle Ages, reads this as indicating six figures: "Nergalsharezer, Samgarnebo, Sarsechim, Rabsaris, Nergalsharezer, Rabmag". The New International Version sees three characters "Nergal-Sharezer of Samgar, Nebo-Sarsekim a chief officer, Nergal-Sharezer a high official." Versions featuring these three figures, with variations in the exact details of translations, include NLT and ESV. Four figures appear in the New American Standard Bible, "Nergal-sar-ezer, Samgar-nebu, Sar-sekim the Rab-saris, Nergal-sar-ezer the Rab-mag."
In 2007, a Babylonian Tablet was deciphered containing a reference to a "Nabu-sharussu-ukin," identified as referring to the biblical figure.[47] See Nebo-Sarsekim Tablet.
According to 1 Chronicles 2:1–30, in the genealogical section which begins the book of Chronicles, Seled, who died childless, was the brother of Appaim and son of Nadab, the son of Shammai, the son of Onam, the son of Jerahmeel, the son of Hezron, the son of Perez, the son of Judah, the eponymous founder of the Tribe of Judah.
Semachiah
Semachiah (or Semakiah) appears in 1 Chronicles 26:7, in a genealogical passage concerning gatekeepers of the Jerusalem Temple. Semachiah is described as a son of Shemaiah, a son of Obed-Edom.
Sered
Sered was a son of Zebulun according to Genesis 46:14 and Numbers 26:26. He was one of the 70 souls to migrate to Egypt with Jacob. According to the verse in Numbers, he was the eponymous forefather of the clan of Sardites.
Shaaph appears in the second chapter of 1 Chronicles. In one translation, these verses read as follows: "And the sons of Jahdai: Regem, and Jotham, and Geshan, and Pelet, and Ephah, and Shaaph. Maacah, Caleb's concubine, bore Sheber and Tirhanah. And [the wife of] Shaaph the father of Madmannah bore Sheva the father of Machbenah and the father of Gibea. And the daughter of Caleb was Achsah" (1 Chronicles 2:47–49).
The words [the wife of] do not occur in the Hebrew text, which reads literally, as Sara Japhet translates it, "And Shaaph the father of Madmannah bore Sheva . . ." but with a feminine form (watteled) of the verb "bore," rather than the expected masculine form wayyoled.[48] Japhet outlines several possibilities as to how the text may originally have read.[48]
Shaashgaz
Shaashgaz appears in the Hebrew Bible in Esther 2:14, where it is given as the name of the eunuch who was in charge of the "second house of the women".
Shabbethai
Shabbethai, a Levite who helped Ezra in the matter of the foreign marriages (Ezra 10:15), probably the one present at Ezra's reading of the law (Nehemiah 8:7), and possibly the Levite chief and overseer (Nehemiah 11:16). The name might mean "one born on Sabbath", but more probably is a modification of the ethnic Zephathi (Zephathite), from Zarephathi (Zarephathite). Meshullam and Jozabad, with which Shabbethai's name is combined, both originate in ethnic names. (Encyclopaedia Biblica)
Shagee
Shagee (also spelled Shage or Shageh) is a figure who appears, indirectly, in one version of the list of David's Mighty Warriors.
In 1 Chronicles 11:34, a figure appears who is called "Jonathan the son of Shagee the Hararite." In 2 Samuel 23:32–33, the name "Jonathan" appears directly before the name "Shammah the Harodite", while in 2 Samuel 23:11 is found "Shammah the son of Agee the Hararite," who is the subject of a very brief story in which he fights with Philistines. The exact sort of copying error or deliberate abbreviation that may have led to this state of affairs is uncertain.[49]
Shamhuth the Izrahite (Hebrew, Shamhut ha-Yizrah) is a figure mentioned in the list of military divisional captains in 1 Chronicles 27:8. The 27th chapter of 1 Chronicles gives the names of people who, according to the Chronicler, were in charge of 24,000-man divisions of David's military, each of which was on active duty for a month. Shamhuth was the commander for the fifth month of each year. Other Izrahites were mentioned in 1 Chronicles 26:29 in connection with duties outside Jerusalem.
One of the children of Ezra in 1 Chronicles 4:17. He was also probably the same person as Shimon (q.v) ver. 20. The Septuagint suggest that Jether was the father of all three. Rabbi D. Kimchi speculates that the children in 1 Chronicles 4:17 were the children of Mered by his wife Bithiah, the daughter of Pharaoh.[50]
Shammoth
According to 1 Chronicles 11:27, Shammoth the Harorite was one of David's Mighty Warriors. An entry in the corresponding list in Samuel contains Shammah the Harodite (2 Samuel 23:25). See Shammah.
Shammua
There are four individuals by the name of Shammua in the Hebrew Bible:[51]
Also the name of one of King David's sons by Bathsheba.
Sharai
A Sharai is mentioned once in the Bible, in passing, in a list of the "sons of Bani" (Ezra 10:40).
Sharar
A Sharar is mentioned indirectly in 2 Samuel 23:33, where "Ahiam the son of Sharar the Hararite" is listed as one of David's Mighty Warriors. In 1 Chronicles 11:35, the same figure is referred to as Sacar (sometimes spelled Sakar or Sachar).
Sharezer
Sharezer, according to 2 Kings 19:37 and Isaiah 37:38, was one of the two sons of Sennacherib. He and his brother Adrammelech killed their father as he worshipped in the temple of Nisroch.
Shashai
A Shashai is listed in the Book of Ezra as a man who married a foreign wife (Ezra 10:40).
Shashak
Shashak or Sashak was a member of Benjamin's dynasty, mentioned in 1 Chronicles 8:14 and 25.
Sheariah
Sheariah, according to 1 Chronicles 8, was a descendant of King Saul, specifically one of the six sons of Azel (1 Chronicles 8:38), the son of Eleasah, the son of Raphah, the son of Binea, the son of Moza (v. 37), the son of Zimri, the son of Jehoaddah, the son of Ahaz (36), the son of Micah (35), the son of Merib-baal, the son of Jonathan (34), the son of Saul (33). He is also mentioned 1 Chronicles 9, which substantially repeats the same genealogy, except that chapter 9 reads Rephaiah instead of Raphah (v. 43) and Jadah instead of Jehoaddah (42).
Shearjashub
Shearjashub (שאר ישוב Šə'ār-yāšūḇ) is possibly[clarification needed] the first-mentioned son of Isaiah according to Isaiah 7:3.
His name means "the remnant shall return" and was prophetic, offering hope to the people of Israel that although they were going to be sent into exile, and their temple destroyed, God remained faithful and would deliver "a remnant" from Babylon and bring them back to their land.
However, Targum Pseudo-Jonathan, Rashi, and some modern translations interpret the phrase according to the Masoretic grammar of the Hebrew cantillation marks, which break the sentence into "u-sh'ar, yashuv b'nekha," "And the remnant, of your sons which will return," viz. a phrase and not a proper noun. Pseudo-Jonathan reads "and the rest of thy disciples, who have not sinned, and who are turned away from sin," and Rashi, "The small remnant that will return to Me through you, and they are like your sons." The Brenton Septuagint Translation and Douay–Rheims Bible translate the phrase "and thy son Jasub who is left," following the Masoretic grammar but assuming that "Jasub," "will return," is still a proper noun.
Sheconiah
Sheconiah was a descendant of David, father of Shemaiah, and son of Obadiah.
Shechem
Shechem was the name of two individuals mentioned in the Bible:
Shedeur was a member of the house of Reuben according to Numbers 1:5. He was the father of Elizur.
Shelemiah
Shelemiah (Hebrew: שלמיהו) the son of Abdeel, along with two others, was commanded by king Jehoiakim to arrest Baruch the scribe and Jeremiah the prophet (Jeremiah 36:25).
Shelomith was the name of 5 biblical individuals in the Hebrew Bible.
Shelomith bat Dibri was the daughter of Dibri of the house of Dan, according to Leviticus 24:11. She was married to an Egyptian and her son (unnamed) was stoned to death by the people of Israel for blasphemy, following Moses' issue of a ruling[53] on the penalty to be applied for blasphemy.
The youngest child of Rehoboam through Maachah. It is uncertain whether they were a son or daughter. (2 Chronicles 11:20)
Shelomith, with the son of Josiphiah returned from Babylon with Ezra with 80 male individuals. There appears, however, to be an omission, which may be supplied from the Sept., and the true reading is probably "Of the sons of Bani, Shelomith the son of Josiphiah." See also 1 Esdr. 8:36, where he is called "Assamoth son of Josaphias." See Keil, ad oc.[54]
In 1 Chronicles 12:5, Shemariah is a Benjamite, one of David's soldiers.
In 2 Chronicles 11:19, Shemariah is one of the sons of Rehoboam, spelled Shamariah in the King James Version.
In Ezra 10:32, Shemariah is one of the "sons of Harim," in a list of men who took foreign wives. Another Shemariah, one of the "descendants of Bani", appears in verse 41.
Shemeber
Shemeber is the king of Zeboiim in Genesis 14 who joins other Canaanite city kings in rebelling against Chedorlaomer.
Shemed
Shemed, spelled Shamed in the King James Version, is a figure briefly listed in 1 Chronicles 8:12 as one of the sons of Elpaal, the son of Shaharaim. He and his two brothers are referred to as "Eber, and Misham, and Shamed, who built Ono, and Lod, with the towns thereof" (1 Chronicles 8:12).
Shemer
Shemer (Hebrew: שמר Shemer "guardian") is the name of three biblical figures.
According to Kings, Shemer was the name of the man from whom Omri, King of Israel, bought Samaria (Hebrew Shomron), which he named after Shemer.[55]
According to 1 Chronicles, one of the Levites involved in the musical ministry of the Jerusalem temple was "Ethan the son of Kishi, the son of Abdi, the son of Malluch, the son of Hashabiah, the son of Amaziah, the son of Hilkiah, the son of Amzi, the son of Bani, the son of Shemer, the son of Mahli, the son of Mushi, the son of Merari, the son of Levi" (1 Chronicles 6:44–47). In this passage, the King James Version spells the name Shamer.
1 Chronicles 7:34 mentions a Shemer as one of the descendants of the Tribe of Asher. In verse 32, this figure is called Shomer, and is the son of Heber, the son of Beriah, the son of Asher.
Shenazar (Hebrew שֵׁנאִצִּר fiery tooth or splendid leader) was one of the six sons of King Jehoiachin during the time of the exile according to 1 Chronicles 3:18.
Shephatiah
Shephatiah (Hebrew שפטיה) is the name of at least nine Hebrew Bible men:
The son of Reuel and father of Meshullam the chieftain of the tribe of Benjamin during the exile. (1 Chronicles 9:5.
An ancestor of 372 descendants of his who went with Zerubbabel from Babylon. (Ezra 2:4;Nehemiah 7:9) He is identical to the Shephatiah of Ezra 1:3,8 whose 80 descendants returned in the rule of Zebadiah and Ezra.
One of Solomon's servants whose descendants also returned with Zerubbabel from Babylon to Israel. (Ezra 2:57;Nehemiah 7:59)
Shepho
Shepho is one of the sons of Shobal according to (Genesis 36:23).
Sheshai
Sheshai was one of the descendants of Anak mentioned in Numbers 13:22. When the Israelites took possession of the land, Sheshai along with Talmai and Ahiman were driven out of the land. (Joshua 15:14; Judges 1:10)
Sheshan
Sheshan is the name of one, or possibly two, biblical characters mentioned in the first book of Chronicles:
"The son of Ishi was Sheshan, and Sheshan's daughter was Ahlai ... Now Sheshan had no sons, only daughters. And Sheshan had an Egyptian servant whose name was Jarha. Sheshan gave his daughter to Jarha his servant as wife, and they had a child, Attai."[56]
Shimea, according to bible's account, was the name of 2 biblical individuals.
A Merarite as the son of Uzziah, and also the father of Haggish. (1 Chronicles 6:30)
The grandfather of Asaph the prophet or seer of the men who ministered with music before the tabernacle, the tent of meeting. He is the father of Asaph's father Berechiah. (1 Chronicles 6:39)
Shimeah
The name Shimeah is used for two figures in the Hebrew Bible.
A figure named Mikloth is the father of Shimeah according to 1 Chronicles 8:32, which gives no further information about either of them but places them in a genealogy of the Tribe of Benjamin. In a parallel passage, 1 Chronicles 9:38 calls this son of Mikloth Shimeam, and presents Mikloth as a son of "Jehiel the father of Gibeon," making Mikloth a great-uncle of the Israelite king Saul.
Shimei ben Gera, a Benjamite of Bahurim, son of Gera, "a man of the family of the house of Saul" (2 Samuel 16:5–14, 19:16–23; 1 Kings 2:8–9, 36–46). He is mentioned as one of David's tormentors during his flight before Absalom, and as imploring and winning David's forgiveness when the latter returned. David, however, in his dying charge to Solomon, bade him avenge the insult (1 Kings 2:9). Jewish scribes say that Solomon's teacher was Shimei (son of Gera), and while he lived, he prevented Solomon from marrying foreign wives. The Talmud says at Ber. 8a: "For as long as Shimei the son of Gera was alive Solomon did not marry the daughter of Pharaoh" (see also Midrash Tehillim to Ps. 3:1). Solomon's execution of Shimei was his first descent into sin.[58]
Shisha (Hebrew – שישא) was the father of Elihoreph and Ahijah, who were scribes of King Solomon (1 Kings 4:3).
Shobab
Shobab שובב "Mischievous" is the name of two figures in the Hebrew Bible.
Shobab was one of the children born to King David after he took up residence in Jerusalem (2 Samuel 5:14), whose mother is named in 1 Chronicles 3:5 as Bathshua or Bathsheba, the daughter of Ammiel.[59] In Brenton's Septuagint Translation, his name is translated as "Sobab" and his mother's name is given as "Bersabee".[60] Each reference to him mentions him briefly, in a list along with at least three other sons of David born in Jerusalem (2 Samuel 5:14; 1 Chronicles 3:5, 14:4).
Shobal was a Horite chief in the hill country of Seir during the days of Esau. He was a son of Seir the Horite, and his sons were Alvas, Manahath, Ebal, Shepho and Onam. He is mentioned in Genesis36:20–29.
Shuni
Shuni was a son of Gad according to Genesis 46:16 and Numbers 26:15. He was one of the 70 persons to migrate to Egypt with Jacob.
Sotai was a descendant of the servants of Solomon, and his own descendants were listed among those who returned from the Babylonian exile in Ezra 2:55.
Tahath the son of Bered, and the father of Eleadah, also a descendant of Ephraim, and Tahath the son of Eleadah according to 1 Chronicles 7:20.
Taphath
Taphath (Hebrew טפת, "Drop") was a daughter of Solomon and wife of one of her father's twelve regional administrators, the son of Abinadab (First Kings 4:11).
Temeni is described in the Bible as a son of Naarah and Ashhur the son of Hezron the Grandson of Judah the founder of the tribe. He was the brother of Haahashtari, Ahuzam, and Hepher according to 1 Chronicles 4:6.
Tirhanah
Tirhanah according to the Biblical Narrative was the son of Caleb the son of Hezron. He was the son of Caleb's concubine named Maachah, and also the brother of Shaaph and Sheber. (1 Chronicles 2:48)
Tola
Tola (Hebrew: תּוֹלָע, Modern: Tola', Tiberian: Tôlā') was the name of two individuals mentioned in the Bible:
In Ezra10:34 : "Of the sons of Bani; Maadai, Amram, and Uel."
Ulam
Ulam is a name that appears twice in the Hebrew Bible. In 1 Chronicles 7:16–17, an Ulam appears in a genealogical passage as the son of Peresh, the son of Machir, the son of the patriarch Manasseh. In 1 Chronicles 8:39, an Ulam appears in a genealogy as the son of Eshek, the brother of Azel, the son of Eleasah, the son of Raphah, the son of Binea, the son of Moza, the son of Zimri, the son of Jehoadah, the son of Ahaz, the son of Micah, the son of Meribbaal.
Uri
Uri is mentioned 7 times, 6 of which indicate that another figure is the "son of Uri". The meaning of the name in English is "my light", "my flame" or "illumination".[citation needed]
Uri (Hebrew: אוּרִי) is mentioned in Exodus 31 and 1 Chronicles 2 as a member of the Tribe of Judah. He is the son of Hur (Hebrew: חור) and the father of Bezalel (Hebrew: בצלאל).
Another Uri (Hebrew: אוּרִי) is mentioned in Ezra 10 as one of those who have taken "strange wives."
Urijah, son of Shemaiah (Hebrew: אוּרִיָּהוּ בֵּנ–שְׁמַעְיָהוּ ʾŪrīyyāhū ben-Šəmaʿyāhū) was a minor prophet mentioned in Jeremiah 26:20-23. He was from Kiriath-Jearim, and his prophecies often matched Jeremiah's criticisms. When Jehoiakim heard the reports of these prophecies, he sent to have him killed, but Urijah fled to Egypt. In response, Jehoiakim sent a group of men, including Elnathan son of Achbor – the future father-in-law to his son, Jeconiah – to bring him back. After being brought before the king, he was executed, and buried in a potter's field.
Urijah
Urijah (Hebrew: אוריה uriyah) a priest in the time of King Ahaz of Judah, built an altar at the temple in Jerusalem on the Damascene model for Tiglathpileser, king of Assyria. 2 Kings 16:10–16
Uz
Uz was the name of 3 biblical characters in the Bible:
Vaizatha (or Vajezatha; Hebrew: וַיְזָתָא) is one of the ten sons of Persian vizier Haman, mentioned in Esther 9:9. Haman had planned to kill all the Jews living under the reign of King Ahasuerus, but his plot was foiled. In their defence, the Jews killed 500 men in the citadel of Susa, as well as Vaizatha and his nine brothers: this event is remembered in the Jewish festival Purim. Walther Hinz has proposed that the name is a rendering of an Old Iranian name, Vahyazzāta, which itself is derived from Vahyaz-dāta ("given from the best one"), as found in Aramaic, Elamite, and Akkadian sources.[66]
Vaniah
Vaniah, meaning nourishment, or weapons, of the Lord; one of many sons of Bani named in Ezra 10:36.
Zabud (Hebrew – זבוד, zābud, meaning "endowed."[67]) was a priest and friend of King Solomon, according to 1 Kings 4:5. He is described as the "son of Nathan," but it is unclear whether this is Nathan the prophet or Nathan the son of David.[68] As a "friend" of the king, he probably served the function of a counselor.[68]
Zalmon the Ahohite, according to 2 Samuel 23:28 in the Masoretic Text, is listed as one of David's Mighty Warriors. In the Masoretic Text of 1 Chronicles 11:29, in another copy of the same list of warriors, he is called "Ilai the Ahohite."[69] Where the Masoretic Text has "Zalmon," various manuscripts of the Greek Septuagint have Ellon, Sellom, or Eliman.[69] And where the Masoretic Text has "Ilai," the Septuagint reads Elei, Eli, or Ela.[69]
Zaza
Zaza was one of the sons of Jonathan mentioned in (1 Chronicles2:33); he was also the brother of Peleth and the grandson of Jada.
A Korhite porter of the Lord's house (1 Chronicles26:2). Three or four others of this name are also mentioned.
Zebudah
Zebudah was the first wife of King Josiah; they had a son, Jehoiakim. She is mentioned in these passages: 2 Kings 23:36. She was the daughter of Pedaiah of Rumah.
Zechariah
Zechariah was the name of 18 minor biblical individuals.
In addition to the characters named above, there are numerous minor characters in the Bible with the same name:
A prophet, who had "understanding in the seeing of God," in the time of Uzziah, who was much indebted to him for his wise counsel: 2 Chron 26:5.
One of the chiefs of the tribe of Reuben: 1 Chron 5:7.
One of the porters of the tabernacle: 1 Chron 9:21.
The father of Abijah (queen), who was the mother of Hezekiah: 2 Chron 29:1 possibly the same as Isaiah's supporter Zechariah the son of Jeberechiah Isa 8:2.
Zephaniah (Hebrew צפניה, pronounced TsePhNiYaH) was the name of at least three people in the Bible:
Zephaniah the prophet (q.v.)
Zephaniah the son of Maaseiah the priest in Jeremiah 29:25. A member of the deputation sent by King Zedekiah to Jeremiah (Jeremiah 21:1; 37:3). "He is probably the same Zephaniah who is called 'the second priest' in 52:24 ... and was among those executed after the capture of Jerusalem in 587 B.C. In the present situation he is overseer of the temple (vs. 26), occupying the position which had been held earlier by Pashur, who had put Jeremiah in stocks..."[73]
Zephaniah also called Uriel which was the son of Tahath and the father of Uzziah or Azariah according to 1 Chronicles 6:24
Zeror, son of Bechorath, of the tribe of Benjamin, was the great-grandfather of King Saul and of his commander Abner. According to Saul, his family was the least of the tribe of Benjamin. (1 Samuel 9)
Zuph or Zophai was an Ephraimite and an ancestor of Samuel, he was the father of Tohu or Toah according to (1 Samuel1:1). He was the son of Elkanah (different from Elkanah the father of Samuel) according to (1 Chronicles6:35). He is listed as being an Ephraimite even though he came from the line of Levi.
^Williams, Nora A. (1992). "Maai (Person)". In Freedman, David Noel (ed.). The Anchor Bible Dictionary. Vol. 4. New York: Doubleday. p. 431. ISBN9780300140811.
^Fulton, Deirdre N. (2015). Reconsidering Nehemiah's Judah: The Case of MT and LXX Nehemiah 11–12. Mohr Siebeck. p. 156. ISBN9783161538810.
^ abBlenkinsopp, Joseph (1988). Ezra-Nehemiah: A Commentary. Old Testament Library. Westminster John Knox. p. 346. ISBN9780664221867.
^Mandel, David (2010). Who's Who in the Jewish Bible. Jewish Publication Society. p. 250. ISBN9780827610293.
^Genesius, H. W. F., Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures: Numerically Coded to Strong's Exhaustive Concordance, with an English Index, published 1979.
^"Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book 4, chapter 7, section 1". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2021-01-02. ...and Rekem, who was of the same name with a city, the chief and capital of all Arabia, which is still now so called by the whole Arabian nation, Arecem, from the name of the king that built it; but is by the Greeks called Petra
^International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, "Shammua."
^Peretz Rodman, "Shelumiel — The First Schlemiel?", The Forward, 26 May 2006.
This interpretation has been identified as a folk etymology. Klein in his Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Hebrew Language (1987), s.v. שלומיאל, interprets the term as a corruption of shelo mo'il (שלא מועיל) "useless" (cited after balashon.com, 18 December 2009).
^Public Domain Hirsch, Emil G.; Price, Ira Maurice; Bacher, Wilhelm; Seligsohn, M.; Montgomery, Mary W.; toy, Crawford Howell (1901–1906). "Solomon". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. 11. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. pp. 436–448.
^The New International Version notes that "one Hebrew manuscript and Vulgate [have "Bathsheba"]; most Hebrew manuscripts [have] "Bathshua"
^Bedford, Peter (1992). "Vaizatha (Person)". In Freedman, David Noel (ed.). The Anchor Bible Dictionary. Vol. 6. New York: Doubleday. p. 781. ISBN9780300140811.
^ abMcMillion, Phillip E. (1992). "Zabud (Person)". In Freedman, David Noel (ed.). The Anchor Bible Dictionary. Vol. 6. New York: Doubleday. p. 1032. ISBN9780300140811.
^See Shlomo ben Aderet: (responsa i., No. 12; quoted in the Jewish Encyclopedia): "one of the sons of Simeon is called Zohar in Gen. xlvi. 10 and Ex. vi. 15, and Zerah in Num. xxvi. 13, but since both names signify 'magnificent,' the double nomenclature is explained."
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