List of metonyms
The following is a list of common metonyms .[ n 1] A metonym is a figure of speech used in rhetoric in which a thing or concept is not called by its own name, but by the name of something intimately associated with that thing or concept. For instance, "Westminster", a borough of London in the United Kingdom, could be used as a metonym for the country's government.
Objects
Word or phrase
Original / literal use
Metonymic use
bar
The bar in a courtroom that separates judges and lawyers from laypeople
All the lawyers licensed to practise law in a certain court or jurisdiction [ 1]
bench
The location in a courtroom where a judge sits when presiding over a court
All the judges of a court or jurisdiction; members of a judiciary ; the presiding officer (judge) in a court[ 2]
boots on the ground
Footwear worn by soldiers
Combat troops deployed in a geographic area (as opposed to those awaiting deployment and/or in aircraft or ships offshore)[ 3]
box office
A place where tickets are sold, in this example, for movies.
A term to describe how well a film is doing. "The film is a hit at the box office."[citation needed ]
brass
A metal alloy (used for or in the manufacture of e.g. buttons, insignia and a family of musical instruments )
Military and police officers,[ 4] often also referring to managers/bosses outside the uniformed[citation needed ]
bullpen
The area of a baseball field used by relief pitchers to warm up for a game
A baseball team's roster of relief pitchers[ 5]
cap
White silk hats given to players each time they played for the England national football team
A player's appearance in a game at the international level [ 6]
china
The country China
Chinese porcelain or other types of ceramic[ 4]
city hall
A city's chief administrative building
Local government or, more pejoratively, government in general[ 2]
corner office
An office on a building corner with more windows
Corporate leadership,[ 7] or the Governor of Massachusetts (see below)[ 8]
crown / Crown
A type of monarchical headwear
Monarchy , especially the British monarchy (as "The Crown ")[ 9]
dish
An item used for serving food
A course of a meal, or the foundation of a course (usually the main course )[ 10]
gun
A firearm
An assassin, mercenary or soldier (as in "hired gun")[ 11]
lead
A heavy metal used to manufacture ammunition
Bullets [ 12]
mortal
Subject to death
Human[ 13]
pink slip
A discharge notice (historically, a pink coloured slip of paper in an employee's pay envelope)
A layoff or termination of employment [ 14]
press
A machine used to print newspapers
Journalists, reporters, or others who write or announce the news
record label
The circular label in the center of a vinyl record displaying the manufacturer's name
A music company involved in producing, marketing, and distributing music recordings and music videos [ 15]
red tape
Tape that is coloured red
An over-bureaucratic process[ 16]
shovels in the ground
Digging in the soil using a variety of tools or machines
Commencement of a construction project – usually one that is major or infrastructural[ 17]
suits
Business attire (plural)
Business executives and lawyers[ 11]
sweat
Perspiration
Hard (physical) work[ 18]
tongue
Oral muscle
A language or dialect [ 19]
Places
Africa
Asia
Europe
Word or phrase
Original / literal use
Metonymic use
10 Downing Street ("Number 10")
The official residence of the prime minister of the United Kingdom [ n 2]
The prime minister and his/her staff,[ 27] often meaning more broadly the UK Government
Brussels
The capital of Belgium
The government of the European Union[ 28]
Buckingham Palace or the Palace
A large building in London that is the official residence of the reigning British sovereign
The British royal family and its staff[ 29]
The City
The City of London , the part of Central London , England, that has the longest continuous recorded history
The financial (and related) institutions in the United Kingdom[ 30]
Fleet Street
A street in the City of London
The British national press[ 31]
The Hague
A city in the Netherlands
The International Criminal Court or International Court of Justice , both of which have their seat in the city[ 32] [ 33]
Hillsborough
Hillsborough an area of Sheffield , United Kingdom and location of Hillsborough Stadium .
The Hillsborough disaster in 1989 where 97 Liverpool F.C. fans died in a human crush . Also used as a word for police corruption and cover-up .[ 34]
Holyrood
An area in Edinburgh
The Scottish Parliament , which is located in that area, or more generally the Scottish Government [ 35]
Horse Guards
A cavalry barracks at Whitehall , London
Commander-in-chief of the British army and his staff before 1857[ 36]
Hrad ("The Castle")
The Prague Castle and official residence and office of the president of the Czech Republic
The president of the Czech Republic and his or her staff, and also the Czech Republic as a whole[ 37]
Kastilja or Castile
Auberge de Castille , an 18th-century auberge in the Maltese capital Valletta
The Office of the Prime Minister of Malta [ 38]
The Kremlin
A historic type of Russian fortress or citadel
The Moscow Kremlin and/or the Russian presidential administration ; historically, any Russian or Soviet government (e.g. Kremlinology )[ 39]
M25
A motorway circling the London conurbation
London, or the Greater London urban area, though the two boundaries do not precisely coincide[ 40] [ 41]
North of Watford
Watford Gap , a low point in a hill range used as a divide between North and South England
The North of England [ 42]
Quai d'Orsay
A wharf and adjoining street in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France
The French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development , which is located at 37 Quai d'Orsay[ 43]
Savile Row
A short street in central London
The high-quality bespoke men's suits made by tailors' shops on the street[ 44]
Scotland Yard
The original public entrance (via "Great Scotland Yard") to the headquarters of the London Metropolitan Police Service
London or British police, especially detectives[ 45]
Stormont
An estate in County Down, east of Belfast
The Northern Ireland Assembly [ 46]
Sublime Porte
A gate giving access to a block of government buildings in Istanbul, Turkey
The Imperial Government of the Ottoman Empire (sometimes, more specifically, its foreign policies and relations )[ 47]
Tamminiemi
A villa in Helsinki and a former official residence of the president of Finland
Historically the president of Finland , mostly associated with Urho Kekkonen [ 48]
Threadneedle Street
A street in the City of London
The Bank of England and/or its directors[ 49]
The Vatican
A small sovereign state located in Rome, Italy
The Holy See , and the Roman Catholic Church in general[ 50]
Westminster
A part of Central London, England
The Parliament of the United Kingdom [ 51]
Whitehall
A street in the City of Westminster borough of London
The Civil Service of the United Kingdom, or more generally the Government of the United Kingdom ; the term is often used in a similar context to "Westminster" (above)[ 51] [ 52]
North America
Word or phrase
Original / literal use
Metonymic use
Armonk
Armonk, New York , where the headquarters of IBM is located
IBM[ 53]
Bay Street
A street in downtown Toronto
The Canadian financial sector, since the Toronto Stock Exchange , and the headquarters of the five major Canadian banks , are located there[ 54]
Beacon Hill
A neighborhood in Boston
The state government of Massachusetts [ 55] [verification needed ]
Beverly Hills
Beverly Hills, California , a rich enclave of Los Angeles
Rich and famous people[ 56]
Broadway
A street in Manhattan, New York City
Broadway theatre ; sometimes, although less accurately, commercial American theatre in general[ 4]
Capitol Hill or the Hill
A neighborhood in Washington, D.C.
The United States Congress [ 57]
Cooperstown
A village in upstate New York
The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum , located in Cooperstown, New York[ 58]
Columbine
An unincorporated community in Colorado
The Columbine High School massacre , or school shootings generally
Corner office
An office on a building corner with more windows
Corporate leadership (see above)[ 7] or the office of the Governor of Massachusetts in the Massachusetts State House [ 8]
Detroit
The largest city in Michigan
The American automobile industry [ 59]
Fifth Avenue
A street in Manhattan, New York City
The upscale retailers that are generally located along it[ 60]
The fifth floor
The floor of a building above the fourth floor
The Mayor of Chicago and his or her staff, since their offices are on that floor of city hall [ 61]
Foggy Bottom
A neighborhood in Washington, D.C.
The United States Department of State [ 62]
Hollywood
A district of Los Angeles, California
The American film industry [ 4]
Houston
A city in Texas
NASA's Johnson Space Center , its Mission Control Center within, or NASA in general (from the call sign used by astronauts to contact Mission Control)[ 63]
K Street
A street in downtown Washington, D.C.
The American lobbying industry [ 64]
Langley
A small suburb of Washington, D.C., in Virginia
The U.S. Central Intelligence Agency [ 65]
Madison Avenue
A street in Manhattan, New York City
The American advertising industry[ 4] [ 66]
Main Street
Shopping street of a town, traditionally the site of shops, banks, and local businesses
Local businesses or the "middle class" generally[ 67] [ 68]
Montlake
A neighborhood in Seattle , which gives its name to a section of the Lake Washington Ship Canal , a bridge over the canal , and a section of a major road in the area .
The Washington Huskies , the sports teams of the University of Washington , whose major facilities are in the vicinity of the aforementioned road (though not in the Montlake neighborhood).[ 69] [ 70] [ 71]
Nashville
The capital of the U.S. state of Tennessee
The country music industry[ 4]
Ottawa
The capital of Canada
The Government of Canada [citation needed ]
Pearl Harbor
The natural harbor on the coast of Oahu island, Hawaii
The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan on 7 December 1941[ 4]
The Pentagon
A pentagonal building in Arlington County, Virginia
The United States Department of Defense (whose headquarters is housed by the Pentagon building)[ 72]
Queen's Park
An urban park in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada
The Ontario Legislative Building (which is located within the park) and/or the provincial government of Ontario [ 73]
Sand Hill Road
A street in Menlo Park, California
The venture capital firms that fund startups in the American high-tech industry[ 74]
Sandy Hook
An elementary school in Newtown, Connecticut
The mass shooting at the school on 14 December 2012[ 75]
Selma
Selma, Alabama
The U.S. civil rights movement or backlash against the movement[ 76]
Seventh Avenue
A street in Manhattan, New York City
The American fashion industry[ 77]
Silicon Valley
San Jose and its suburbs on the southwest side of San Francisco Bay
The American high-tech industry[ 78]
Tin Pan Alley
A block along 28th Street in Manhattan
The American popular music industry in the late 19th and early 20th centuries[ 79]
Wall Street
A street in Manhattan, New York City
The American financial markets[ 4] or "big business" more generally[ 67]
Washington
Washington, D.C. , the capital of the United States
The federal government of the United States [ 1]
Watergate
The Watergate Hotel and Office Building in Washington, D.C.
The political scandal exposed after a burglary at the Watergate Hotel[ 4]
The White House
The official residence of the president of the United States
The Executive Office of the President of the United States (the president of the United States and staff)[ 1]
South America
Oceania
Word or phrase
Original / literal use
Metonymic use
Canberra
The capital of Australia
The Government of Australia[ 82]
Numbers
Notes
^ Since metonymy – the process by which metonyms are formed – is a productive process, new metonyms can always be created. This list cannot include all metonyms, but only some of those that are identified as common.
^ Technically, 10 Downing Street is the official residence of the First Lord of the Treasury , not the prime minister. However, the two offices have been held by the same person since the early 20th century.
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