The vast majority of the Leopard 2A4 tanks were acquired used from Germany between 2002 and 2004; more were purchased in 2009. Some of the existing 2A4s are equipped with Israeli made Urdan mine rollers.[3]Fire-control systems of all vehicles will be upgraded between 2022 and 2026.[4]
There have been a total of 143 Leopard 2A4 vehicles in the Finnish army:[5]
100 MBTs
6 MBTs equipped with Urdan mine rollers
10 Leopard 2L bridging tanks
6 Leopard 2R mine-clearing tanks (all given to Ukraine in 2023, to help repel the Russian invasion of Ukraine)
6 Leopard 2 Marksman
1 MBT in the armour museum
14 MBTs stored for cannibalization of spares, one is placed as a memorial in Hattula.
Some 274 have recently been purchased from Norway in several batches (49 in 2003, 123 in 2012 and another 171 in 2013, plus an additional 85 in 2014).[15]
Some were included in the a joint purchase from Norway and Sweden (two batches, 123 in 2012 and another 171 in 2013). Troop transport, command, ambulance and transport pallet changer variants.[16][17]
Provides indirect fire support for various units and is used to form heavy artillery battalions under direct supreme HQ command. 155 K 83-97 is an upgrade of the existing 155 K 83.
Supports readiness brigades with indirect fire. Equipped with an auxiliary power unit for short distance movement adjustments. 155 K 98 is based on the earlier 155 K 83 with some major enhancements to both the breech and the barrel.
Supports mechanized and motorized battlegroups with indirect fire. 48 used howitzers will be delivered from South Korea between 2017 and 2024, with an option for 48 more; 10 additional units were ordered in a follow-up order and the 38 more in another.[29]
Czechoslovak 122 mm self-propelled multiple rocket launcher, originally 36 units bought from East German stocks. Used to support mechanised and motorised units.
In December 2022 Finland ordered long-range 122mm ACCULAR rockets from Israel for 70 MEUR.[30][31]
M270D1 vehicles used for long-range strikes against enemy reserves, command posts, and combat support organizations up to operational depth at the point of main effort. 22 M270s were obtained from the Netherlands in 2007, an additional 12 from Denmark in 2014 and 6 from the US in 2014.[33][34]
BMP-1 vehicles modified in Finland for use as forward observer vehicles. The turret and main gun are removed and replaced with observation devices in the TJ version.
Short-range, mobile all-weather weapon system that holds eight VT-1 missiles at ready and is used to protect targets and troops vital to national defence. 480 missiles delivered.
ITO 05 is a short-range, mobile air-defence system that holds four RBS 70 missiles at ready and protects the readiness brigades as well as the Capital Region. Every ITO 05 launch unit is paired with an ITO 05M MANPADS. ITO 05M also protects the readiness brigades' Jaeger and armoured battalions.
450 Bolide missiles delivered. In December 2022 Finland ordered additional missiles for 76.6 million EUR.[38]
Medium-range, mobile air-defence system that holds six AIM-120 C-7 AMRAAM missiles at ready. They are primarily used to protect the Capital Region. Nasams 2 FIN configuration, also known as ITO 12.
A battery has three firing units, and each firing unit has six missiles. The firing units are transported by a missile transporter, using an Sisu E13TP 8x8 all-terrain flat bed truck. The battery is led from an FDC (Fire Distribution Centre) command vehicle, using a Sisu A2045 4x4 all-terrain truck. Equipped with GPS-positioning system and 3 radios. Built by Insta Oy.
The targets are found and tracked by a Thales Raytheon AN/MPQ-64F1 Improved Sentinel 3D targeting radar, equipped with a IFF-system.
Additionally the battery has an electro-optical sensor vehicle, called MSP-600, which has a 3D-tracking Saphir-heat camera, ELEM laser distance measuring instrument that can measure up to 40 km, a Nedinsco camera for daytime use (10x magnification) and a GPS positioning device. It is built onto a Mercedes-Benz G-series utility vehicle. Built by Finnish Defence Power Systems.[41]
Long-range, all-weather weapon system ordered on 5 April 2023. The main contract is valued approximately 316 million Euros. The contract includes further options worth 216 million Euros.[45]
Commonly known as "Sergei". ITK 61 is the Soviet ZU-23-2, while the ITK 95 is a Finnish modernized variant, where the gun is gyro-stabilized and has an auxiliary power unit, a laser range finder and a digital fire-control system. An undisclosed amount of 23 ITK 61s have been donated to Armed Forces of Ukraine as military aid following Russian invasion of Ukraine 2022.[46]
Originally 35 ItK 58. 35 ItK 88 is a modernized Oerlikon KD that incorporates features such as a digital fire-control system, automatic re-loading and, since the 2000s, a new radar system.
Glock 17 with specially made RTF2 checkering texture around the grip, 20 N (4.5 lbf) trigger pull, self illuminating tritium sights and a 17+1-round magazine. Used by military police.
Standard issue assault rifle. [Top] RK 62 with later version pistol grip and handguard. [Middle upper] RK 62 76 with an older stamped steel magazine. [Middle] RK 62 M1 - the baseline modification with a telescoping stock and mounting rails for optical sights and tactical lights as well as some other small improvements. [Middle lower] RK 62 M2 - front handguard with M-LOK rail interface, Ase Utra BoreLock flash hider, silencer/rebar cutter (the two latter not pictured), surface manganese phosphated. [Bottom] RK 62 M3 - Identical to the M2 version, but treated in green Cerakote.
East German -made AKM (MPi-KM fixed stock and MPi-KMS-72 folding stock variants). Purchased in the 1990s in large numbers for reserve troops. Folding stock version is used by various tank, APC and IFV crewmen.
Soviet AK-47 and its folding stock variant AKS-47.[53] Purchased in late 1950s and early 1960s to introduce the Kalashnikov type assault rifle to FDF use before sufficient amount of RK 62 were produced. Now in long-term storage. Some were also included in the arms purchases from ex-DDR stocks, in the form of MPi-K (Soviet-made AK-47, also named RK 54 in Finnish service) and MPi-KmS (GDR-made AKS-47, also named RK 54 TP in Finnish service).
A light mortar carrier variant of the Hägglunds BV206 D6N tracked articulated vehicle. The British L16 81mm mortars originally mounted on the carrier vehicle have been replaced with the 81 KRH 71 Y, with the L16 having been stored as infantry mortars under the designation 81 KRH 13.[63]: 170
Old Tampella heavy infantry mortar. 15 were manufactured with an amphibious floating carriage in 1965 and more with a new carriage in 1974. In long-term storage.[63]: 212–213
Standard issue Finnish Tampella lightweight heavy infantry mortar. Old 120 KRH 40 were withdrawn from service and scrapped when the 120 KRH 92 were acquired.[63]: 216–217 There are some units that have old parts such as base plates, carriages or bipods, and these are either listed as KRH 92 such as the KRH 92 76, or as upgrades of their own base model like the KRH 85 92 (in FDF nomenclature the first number defines the model and second the submodel).^a Total number of all 120 KRH is 822, the KRH 92 number here is that minus the known orders for KRH 65 and KRH 85.[1][63]
95mm recoilless anti-tank weapon. Colloquially known as musti ("Blackie"); the weapon makes a loud, distinctly dog bark-like sound when fired. In reserve. Will be taken out of service by 2020.[65]
Disposable, man-portable, short range fire-and-forget anti-tank guided missile system. In February 2023 Finland placed an 46 MEUR order for additional NLAW systems.[66]
Portable one-shot 112 mm recoilless anti-tank weapon. Colloquially known as jumppaputki ("Gym tube"). Will be taken out of service in the 2020s.[65] Bought in 1986 for 290 MFIM (approx 48.8 MEUR)[67] with a reported unit price of 2,000 EUR per unit.[68] A follow-up order was done in 1990 for 149 MFIM (25 MEUR).[69]
Israeli Spike missile, MR and LR variants, some of them are made in Germany by Diehl Defence. 140[71] Spike-MR launch units, 500 Spike-MR missiles. 45 GILL launchers were purchased from the Netherlands in 2013. These were modified by the Finns to Spike-LR.[72] The Finnish Navy operates also Spike-ER under the designation RO 06 (18 launch units). 400 Spike-ER missiles.[42]
In December 2022, Finland ordered Spike SR, LR2 and ER2 missiles, the ER2's for the Navy.[73]
M72 EC LAW Mk.I (66 KES 12 PST) HEAT variants and M72 ASM RC (66 KES 12 RAK) aluminized HE variant. Colloquially known as kessi. In September 2022 Finland ordered more 66 KES 12 for 58 MEUR.[75]
Shaped charge mine with 4 kg hexotol. Magnetic and seismic sensor fuze, main explosive is similar to POM 87 but the fuse can also be programmed with a run-over counter and for self-deactivation.[77][82]
Simplified version of the Sirpalekäsikranaatti M41. Consist of a cylindrical cast iron shell with vertical grooves and a 60 g cylindrical explosive, the same which is used as the detonator in TM 65 77 or the now defunct anti-personnel mines. Uses either the fuse M83 or M95, both being 3.5 second.[77]
The NHIndustries NH90 tactical transport helicopter is the main type of transport helicopter used, having replaced Soviet Mi-8s. The Army also uses Hughes 500 D and E helicopters in reconnaissance and training roles. The Finnish Army has 11 unmanned reconnaissance airplanes (RUAG Ranger), which are used for reconnaissance and artillery targeting purposes, and in 2012 ordered a number of unmanned Aeronautics Defense Orbiters.
^Toivonen, Vesa (2003). Tampellasta Patriaan: 70 vuotta suomalaista raskasta aseenvalmistusta - From Tampella to Patria: 70 years of Finnish heavy weapons production. Apali Oy. p. 156. ISBN952-5026-26-4.
^Blomberg, Olli (2006). "Puolustuksellistakin painoarvoa". Suomalaista Sisua vuodesta 1931 – Monialaosaajasta kuorma-autotehtaaksi (in Finnish). Karjaa: Oy Sisu Auto Ab. p. 304. ISBN952-91-4918-2.
^"12.7 TKIV 2000". moddb.com. 10 December 2012. Archived from the original on 2019-01-24. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
^Kaarkoski, Tuomas (2015-05-15). "Leopardit kotiutuivat Suomeen" [Leopards make a home in Finland]. Reserviläinen (in Finnish). Maanpuolustusyhtiö MPY Oy. ISSN0557-8477. Archived from the original on 2017-06-05. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
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