List of endemic fauna of Puerto Rico

This is a list of the endemic fauna of Puerto Rico. This list is sorted in alphabetical order by the scientific name of the species.

Birds

Elfin-woods warbler

Puerto Rican parrot

Puerto Rican owl, an endemic species found in the western municipality of Aguada.

• Yellow-shouldered blackbird (Agelaius xanthomus)
• Puerto Rican parrot (Amazona vittata)
• Green mango (Anthracothorax viridis)
• Puerto Rican nightjar (Caprimulgus noctitherus)
• Puerto Rican emerald (Chlorostilbon maugeaus)
• Puerto Rican lizard‑cuckoo (Coccyzus vieilloti)
• Puerto Rican pewee (Contopus portoricenis)^[1]
• Adelaide's warbler (Dendroica adelaidae)
• Elfin-woods warbler (Dendroica angelae)
• Puerto Rican oriole (Icterus portoricensis)
• Puerto Rican bullfinch (Loxigilla portoricensis)
• Puerto Rican owl (Gymnasio nudipes)^[2]
• Puerto Rican woodpecker (Melanerpes portoricensis)
• Puerto Rican flycatcher (Myiarchus antillarum)
• Puerto Rican tanager (Nesospingus speculiferus)
• Puerto Rican spindalis (Spindalis portoricensis)^[3]
• Puerto Rican tody (Todus mexicanus)
• Puerto Rican vireo (Vireo latimeri)
• Puerto Rican euphonia (Chlorophonia sclateri)^[4]

Crustaceans

• Buruquena (Epilobocera sinuatifrons)
• Puerto Rican sand crab (Emerita portoricensis)

Insects

• Camponotus kaura-^{[page needed]} was first described by Roy R. Snelling & Juan A. Torres
• Solenopsis torrei-^{[page needed]} was first described by Juan A. Torres
• Puerto Rican cave cockroach (Aspiduchus cavernicola)

Myriapoda

• Cylindromus uniporus^{[page needed]}
• Anadenobolus arboreus^{[page needed]}
• Rhinocricus parcus^{[page needed]}

Reptiles/amphibians

Coquí

Mona ground iguana

Puerto Rican boa

• Puerto Rican racer (Borikenophis portoricensis)
• Mona ameiva (Ameiva alboguttata)
• Desecheo ameiva (Ameiva desechensis)
• Puerto Rican ground lizard (Ameiva exsul)
• Blue-tailed ground lizard (Ameiva wetmorei)
• Baker's worm lizard (Amphisbaena bakeri)
• Puerto Rican worm lizard (Amphisbaena caeca)
• Schmidt's worm lizard (Amphisbaena schmiditi)
• Puerto Rican dryland worm lizard, North American worm lizard (Amphisbaena xera)
• Guánica pallid anole, Cook's pallid anole, Cook's anole (Anolis cooki)
• Puerto Rican giant anole (Anolis cuvieri)
• Mona anole (Anolis monensis)
• Dwarf anole, pygmy anole, Puerto Rican twig anole (Anolis occultus)
• Ponce anole (Anolis poncensis),^[5] which is the same as the Dryland grass anole (Ctenonotus poncensis)^[6]
• Puerto Rican garden snake (Magliophis exiguus subspadix)
• Puerto Rican crested toad, ridge-headed toad, lowland Caribbean toad, Puerto Rican toad and sapo concho (Bufo lemur)^[7]
• Mona ground iguana (Cyclura cornuta stejnegeri)
• Puerto Rican galliwasp (Diploglossus pleei)
• Puerto Rican cave dwelling frog (Eleutherodactylus cooki)
• Common coquí (Eleutherodactylus coqui)
• Mottled coquí (Eleutherodactylus eneidae)
• Golden coquí (Eleutherodactylus jasperi)
• Mona coquí (Eleutherodactylus monensis)
• Melodius coquí (Eleutherodactylus wightmanae)
• Puerto Rican boa (Chilabothrus inornatus)
• Mona Island boa (Chilabothrus monensis)
• Monito gecko (Sphaerodactylus micropithecus)
• Mona dwarf gecko (Sphaerodactylus monensis)
• Puerto Rico upland gecko (Sphaerodactylus klauberi)
• Desecheo dwarf gecko (Sphaerodactylus levinsi)
• Gaige's least gecko (Sphaerodactylus gaigeae)
• Townsend's dwarf gecko (Sphaerodactylus townsendi)
• Nichols' dwarf gecko (Sphaerodactylus nicholsi)
• Puerto Rican dwarf gecko (Sphaerodactylus grandisquamis)
• Isla Vieques dwarf gecko (Sphaerodactylus inigoi)
• Roosevelt's dwarf gecko (Sphaerodactylus roosevelti)
• Mona blindsnake (Typhlops monensis)
• Puerto Rican wetland blind snake (Typhlops rostellatus)

Spiders

This is a list of all spiders endemic to Puerto Rico, according to Platnick.^[8]

• Anyphaenidae

• Anyphaena decora
• Wulfila coamoanus
• Wulfila inconspicuus
• Wulfila isolatus
• Wulfila macropalpus
• Wulfila tropicus

• Araneidae

• Araneus adjuntaensis
• Lewisepeira maricao
• Metazygia silvestris

• Clubionidae

• Clubiona desecheonis
• Elaver portoricensis

• Corinnidae

• Abapeba guanicae
• Abapeba wheeleri
• Corinna javuyae
• Phrurolithus insularis
• Phrurolithus portoricensis
• Trachelas borinquensis

• Ctenidae

• Celaetycheus modestus
• Celaetycheus strenuus
• Oligoctenus ottleyi
• Trujillina isolata

• Dipluridae

• Masteria petrunkevitchi

• Gnaphosidae

• Camillina desecheonis
• Neozimiris nuda

• Hahniidae

• Hahnia naguaboi

• Ixodidae (ticks)

• Amblyomma arianae

• Linyphiidae

• Lepthyphantes microserratus

• Lycosidae

• Agalenocosa yaucensis

• Mimetidae

• Mimetus portoricensis

• Oonopidae

• Oonops delegenus
• Oonops ebenecus
• Oonops viridans
• Stenoonops econotus
• Stenoonops phonetus
• Stenoonops portoricensis

• Pholcidae

• Modisimus cavaticus
• Modisimus coeruleolineatus
• Modisimus montanus
• Modisimus montanus dentatus
• Modisimus sexoculatus
• Modisimus signatus

• Salticidae

• Agobardus blandus
• Corythalia gloriae
• Corythalia tristriata
• Emathis luteopunctata
• Emathis minuta
• Emathis portoricensis
• Emathis tetuani
• Eris illustris
• Habronattus ensenadae
• Habronattus facetus
• Hentzia squamata
• Jollas minutus
• Neonella mayaguez
• Sidusa mona
• Siloca monae

• Scytodidae

• Scytodes dissimulans

• Sparassidae

• Olios bicolor
• Olios darlingtoni
• Pseudosparianthis jayuyae
• Stasina portoricensis

• Tetragnathidae

• Chrysometa hamata
• Chrysometa jayuyensis
• Chrysometa yunque
• Glenognatha gloriae
• Tetragnatha bryantae

• Theraphosidae

• Avicularia laeta
• Cyrtopholis culebrae
• Cyrtopholis portoricae
• Holothele culebrae

• Theridiidae

• Dipoena puertoricensis
• Styposis lutea
• Theridion ricense

• Theridiosomatidae

• Baalzebub albonotatus
• Ogulnius gloriae

• Thomisidae

• Misumenops bubulcus
• Rejanellus mutchleri
• Tmarus vertumus

• Uloboridae

• Miagrammopes animotus

Extinct animals

• Greater Puerto Rican ground sloth (Acratocnus major) - The greater Puerto Rican ground sloth became extinct approximately 3000–4000 years ago.
• Lesser Puerto Rican ground sloth (Acratocnus odontrigonus) - The lesser Puerto Rican ground sloth became extinct approximately 3000–4000 years ago.
• Puerto Rican caracara (Caracara latebrosus)
• Puerto Rican plate-tooth (Elasmodontomys obliquus) - The Puerto Rican plate-tooth, giant hutia or Puerto Rican paca became extinct approximately in the early 16th century.
• Greater Puerto Rican agouti (Heteropsomys antillensis)
• Lesser Puerto Rican agouti (Heteropsomys insulans)
• Puerto Rican nesophontes (Nesophontes edithae) - The Puerto Rican nesophontes became extinct approximately in the early 16th century.
• Corozal rat (Puertoricomys corozalus)
• Puerto Rican parakeet, Mauge's parakeet (Psittacara chloroptera maugei syn. Psittacara maugei)
• Puerto Rican barn owl (Tyto cavatica)

See also

• List of amphibians and reptiles of Puerto Rico
• List of endemic flora of Puerto Rico
• List of Puerto Rican birds
• San Juan Botanical Garden

Footnotes

1. The Puerto Rican pewee is not an official species recognized by the AOU. The species is a proposed split from the Lesser Antillean pewee (Contopus latirostris) by Rafaelle, H., et al. (1998) in A Guide to the Birds of the West Indies, Princeton University Press, ISBN 0691087369.
2. This species was formerly categorized as Otus nupides, but was subsequently moved to the genus Megascops, and then moved again to its own monospecific genus Gymnasio.
3. This species was formerly a subspecies of Spindalis zena. In 1997 it was elevated to species status: O. H. Garrido; K. C. Parkes; G. B. Reynard; A. Kirkconnell; R. Sutton (1997). "Taxonomy of the Stripe-Headed Tanager, Genus Spindalis (Aves:Thraupidae) of the West Indies". Wilson Bulletin. 109 (4): 561–594.
4. This species was split from Chlorophonia musica based on significant differences in plumage in Species Updates IOC Version 13.2 https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/updates/species-updates/
5. "Anolis poncensis". Zipecodezoo.com. Archived from the original on 27 December 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2009.
6. "Ctenonotus Poncensis". Zipcodezoo.com. Archived from the original on 27 December 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2009.
7. This species was formerly categorized as Peltophryne lemur but was subsequently renamed^{[permanent dead link‍]}.
8. Platnick, N.I. (2006). world spider catalog, version 7.0. American Museum of Natural History

References

• Sociedad Ornitológica Puertorriqueña (in Spanish)
• Bosque Seco de Guánica (in Spanish)
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System
• Extinct vertebrates of the U.S.A., U.S. territories and Canada since 1492
• Rivero, Juan A. (1998). Los anfibios y reptiles de Puerto Rico. San Juan, Puerto Rico: University of Puerto Rico Press. ISBN 0-8477-0243-X.