List of battles involving the Ghaznavid Empire

This is an incomplete list of battles/sieges fought by the Ghaznavids.

Indian subcontinent Turkmenistan Afghanistan Iran Uzbekistan

( Color legend for the location of the battle )


Year Name Location Ghaznavid commander Opponent Victor
988 First Battle of Laghman near Laghman Sabuktigin Jayapala(Kabul Shahi) Ghaznavids[1]
991 Second Battle of Laghman near Laghman Sabuktigin Jayapala(Kabul Shahi) Ghaznavids[2]
994 Battle of Herat near Herat Sabuktigin Abu Ali Simjuri(Simjurids) Ghaznavids(Sabuktigin is appointed Amir of Khurasan, Balkh and Herat)[3]
998 1st Battle of Ghazni Ghazni Ismail of Ghazni (Amir of Ghazna) Mahmud Mahmud of Ghazna is made Amir of Ghazna.[4]
May 999 Battle of Merv Merv Mahmud of Ghazni(Samanid forces for Mansur II) Samanid forces of Abd al-Malik II Mahmud of Ghazni[5]
1001 Battle of Peshawar Peshawar Mahmud of Ghazni Jayapala(Kabul Shahi) Ghaznavids[6]
1005-6 Siege of Multan Multan Mahmud of Ghazni Fateh Daud Ghaznavids[7]
1008 Battle of Balkh Balkh Mahmud of Ghazni Ahmad Arslan Qara Khan(Kara-Khanids) Ghaznavids[8][9]
1009 Battle of Chach Chach Mahmud of Ghazni Anandapala(Kabul Shahi) Ghaznavids[6]
1027 Battle of the Indus River Mahmud of Ghazni Jats Ghaznavids[10]
1030 November Battle of Makran unknown Isa of Makran Ghaznavids[11]
1032 Battle of Dabusiyya Altun Tash(Ghaznavid general) Kara-Khanids & Seljuq allies Indecisive[12]
1033 Siege of Sarsawa near Saharanpur Mas'ud I of Ghazni Mas'ud I[13]
1035 Battle of Nasa Plains Tabaristan Iltughdi(Ghaznavid chamberlain) Chaghri Beg(Seljuq Turks) Seljuq Turks[14]
1037 Siege of Hansi near Delhi[13] Mas'ud I of Ghazni Mas'ud I[15]
1038 Battle of Sarakhs Sarakhs Abu'l-Fadl Suri(Ghaznavid governor of Khurasan) Tughril(Seljuq Turks) Seljuq Turks[16]
1038 Battle of Rey Rey Muhammad ibn Rustam Dushmanziyar(Kakuyids) Kakuyid dynasty[17]
1040 Battle of Dandanaqan near Merv Mas'ud I of Ghazni Chaghri Beg, Tughril(Seljuq Turks) Seljuq Turks[18]
November 1040 Siege of Zaranj Zaranj Abu l-Fadl(Ghaznavid commander) Ertash(Seljuq Turks) Abu l-Fadl joined Seljuq Turks and Zaranj was occupied.[19]
19 March 1041 Battle of Nangrahar near Jalalabad Muhammad(second son of Mahmud) Maw'dud(eldest son of Masud) Maw'dud defeats Muhammad and gains Ghaznavid throne.[20]
1043-44 Tokharistan Maw'dud Alp Arslan(Seljuq Turks) Seljuq Turks[21]
1045-6 near Zaranj Ertash(Seljuq Turks) Ghaznavids[22]
1051 Battle of Hupyan Hupyan Toghrul of Ghazna Alp Arslan Ghaznavids[23]
1051 Siege of Taq Sistan Toghrul of Ghazna(slave general) Kotwal Hilal Daraqi(Saffarids) Saffarids retain Taq[24]
1116 Battle of Tiginabad Tiginabad(near Kandahar)[25] Arslan Shah (Sultan of Ghaznavid Empire) Bahram-Shah Arslan Shah[26]
1117 2nd Battle of Ghazni plain of Shahrabad, near Ghazni[27] Arslan Shah (Sultan of Ghaznavid Empire) Ahmad Sanjar
Bahram-Shah 		Ahmad Sanjar(Sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire)[27]
1148 3rd Battle of Ghazni Ghazni Bahram-Shah (Sultan of Ghaznavid Empire) Sayf al-Din Suri (Ghurids) Sayf al-Din Suri[28]
12 May 1149 Battle of Sang-i Surakh Near upper part of the Helmand River Bahram-Shah Sayf al-Din Suri (Ghurids) Bahram Shah[29]
June 1170 (near Kannauj) Jayachandra(Gahadvala dynasty) Gahadvala dynasty[30]
1186 Siege of Lahore Lahore Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad(Ghurid dynasty) Ghurid dynasty[31]

References

  1. ^ Rickmers 1899, p. 101.
  2. ^ Sen 1988, p. 342.
  3. ^ Bosworth 1998, p. 98.
  4. ^ Bosworth 1963, p. 45.
  5. ^ Sicker 2000, p. 48.
  6. ^ a b Chandra 2006, p. 18.
  7. ^ Bosworth 1977, p. 31.
  8. ^ Brockelmann, Perlmann & Carmichael 1947, p. 169.
  9. ^ Grousset 2002, p. 146.
  10. ^ Ali 2011, p. 543.
  11. ^ Bosworth 1994, p. 207.
  12. ^ Bosworth 1968, p. 19.
  13. ^ a b Bosworth 1999, p. 188.
  14. ^ Ibn al-Athir 2002, p. 35.
  15. ^ Sen 1988, p. 357.
  16. ^ Safi 2006, p. 24.
  17. ^ Blair 1992, p. 112.
  18. ^ Grousset 2002, p. 147.
  19. ^ Bosworth 1977, p. 28.
  20. ^ Bosworth 1977, p. 22-24.
  21. ^ Bosworth 1977, p. 26.
  22. ^ Bosworth 1977, p. 29.
  23. ^ Bosworth 1977, p. 43.
  24. ^ Bosworth 1977, p. 44.
  25. ^ Helms 1983, p. 342-354.
  26. ^ Bosworth 1977, p. 93.
  27. ^ a b Bosworth 1977, p. 96.
  28. ^ Jaques 2007, p. 391.
  29. ^ Bosworth 1977, p. 114-115.
  30. ^ Bosworth 1977, p. 126.
  31. ^ Bosworth 2012.

Sources

  • Ali, Adam (2011). "Mahmud of Ghazni". In Mikaberidze, Alexander (ed.). Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia. Vol. 2: J-Z. ABC-CLIO.
  • Blair, Sheila (1992). The Monumental inscriptions from early Islamic Iran and Transoxiana. Brill.
  • Bosworth, C.E. (1963). The Ghaznavids:994-1040. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Bosworth, C.E. (1968). "The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World (A.D. 1000-1217)". In Boyle, J.A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran: The Saljuq and Mongol Period. Vol. 5. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bosworth, C.E. (1977). The Later Ghaznavids. Columbia University Press.
  • Bosworth, C.E. (1994). "Rulers of Makrān and Quṣdār in the Early Islamic Period". Studia Iranica. 23 (2). Peeters Publishers: 199–209. doi:10.2143/SI.23.2.2014304.
  • Bosworth, C.E. (1998). "The Ghaznavids". In Asimov, M. S.; Bosworth, C. E. (eds.). Age of Achievement: A.D. 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century. Vol. 4. UNESCO.
  • Bosworth, C.E. (1999). "The Early Ghaznavids". In Frye, R.N. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 4. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bosworth, C.E. (2012). "Ghaznavids". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
  • Brockelmann, Carl; Perlmann, Moshe; Carmichael, Joel (1947). History of the Islamic Peoples: With a Review of Events, 1939-1947. G.P. Putnam's sons.
  • Chandra, Satish (2006). Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals (1206-1526). Har-Anand Publications.
  • Grousset, Rene (2002). The Empire of the Steppes. Translated by Walford, Naomi. Rutgers University Press.
  • Helms, S. W. (1983). "Kandahar of the Arab Conquest". World Archaeology. 14 (3, Islamic Archaeology (Feb.)): 342–354. doi:10.1080/00438243.1983.9979874.
  • Ibn al-Athir, Izz al-D in (2002). Hillenbrand, Carole (ed.). The Annals of the Saljuq Turks. Translated by Richards, D.S. Routledge.
  • Rickmers, Christian Mabel (Duff) (1899). The Chronology of India, from the earliest times to the beginning of the sixteenth century. Archibald Constable & Co.
  • Safi, Omid (2006). The Politics of Knowledge in Premodern Islam: Negotiating Ideology and Religious Inquiry. University of North Carolina Press.
  • Sen, S. N. (1988). Ancient Indian History And Civilization. New Age International.
  • Sicker, Martin (2000). The Islamic World in Ascendancy: From the Arab Conquests to the Siege of Vienna. Greenwood Publishing.
  • Jaques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-33538-9.

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