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Longest Supreme Court tenure
Chief justice	Associate justice
John Marshall 12,570 days (1801–1835)	William O. Douglas 13,358 days (1939–1975)

A total of 116 people have served on the Supreme Court of the United States, the highest judicial body in the United States, since it was established in 1789. Supreme Court justices have life tenure, meaning that they serve until they die, resign, retire, or are impeached and removed from office. For the 107 non-incumbent justices, the average length of service was 6,203 days (16 years, 359 days).^[1]^[A] The longest serving justice was William O. Douglas, with a tenure of 13,358 days (36 years, 209 days). The longest serving chief justice was John Marshall, with a tenure of 12,570 days (34 years, 152 days). John Rutledge, who served on the court twice, was both the shortest serving associate justice, with a tenure of 383 days (1 year, 18 days), and the shortest serving chief justice, with a tenure of 138 days (4 months 16 days). Among the current members of the court, Clarence Thomas's tenure of 12,115 days (33 years, 61 days)^[B] is the longest, while Ketanji Brown Jackson's 907 days (2 years, 176 days)^[B] is the shortest.

The table below ranks all United States Supreme Court justices by time in office.^[C] For five individuals confirmed for associate justice, and who later served as chief justice—Charles Evans Hughes, William Rehnquist, John Rutledge, Harlan F. Stone, and Edward Douglass White—their cumulative length of service on the court is measured. The basis of the ranking is the difference between dates; if counted by number of calendar days all the figures would be one greater, with the exception of Charles Evans Hughes and John Rutledge, who would receive two days, as each served on the court twice (their service as associate justice and as chief justice was separated by a period of years off the court). The start date given for each justice is the day they took the prescribed oath of office, with the end date being the date of the justice's death, resignation, or retirement. A highlighted row indicates a justice currently serving on the court.

Justices by time in office

Rank	Justice	Length in days	Length in years and days	Start date^[3]	End date^[3]
1	William O. Douglas	13,358	36 years, 209 days	April 17, 1939	November 12, 1975
2	Stephen Johnson Field	12,614	34 years, 195 days	May 20, 1863	December 1, 1897
3	John Paul Stevens	12,611	34 years, 192 days	December 19, 1975	June 29, 2010
4	John Marshall (CJ)	12,570	34 years, 152 days	February 4, 1801	July 6, 1835
5	Hugo Black	12,447	34 years, 29 days	August 19, 1937	September 17, 1971
6	John Marshall Harlan	12,360	33 years, 308 days	December 10, 1877	October 14, 1911
7	William J. Brennan Jr.	12,330	33 years, 277 days	October 16, 1956	July 20, 1990
8	William Rehnquist (CJ)	12,293^[D]	33 years, 239 days	January 7, 1972 September 26, 1986	September 26, 1986 September 3, 2005
9	Joseph Story	12,273	33 years, 219 days	February 3, 1812	September 10, 1845
10	Clarence Thomas	12,115^[B]	33 years, 61 days	October 23, 1991	Incumbent
11	James M. Wayne	11,860	32 years, 172 days	January 14, 1835	July 5, 1867
12	John McLean	11,711	32 years, 23 days	March 12, 1829	April 4, 1861
13	Byron White	11,396	31 years, 73 days	April 16, 1962	June 28, 1993
14	Bushrod Washington	11,339	31 years, 17 days	November 9, 1798	November 26, 1829
15	Anthony Kennedy	11,121	30 years, 163 days	February 18, 1988	July 31, 2018
16	William Johnson	11,046	30 years, 89 days	May 7, 1804	August 4, 1834
17	Antonin Scalia	10,732	29 years, 140 days	September 26, 1986	February 13, 2016
18	Oliver Wendell Holmes	10,627	29 years, 35 days	December 8, 1902	January 12, 1932
19	Roger B. Taney (CJ)	10,425	28 years, 198 days	March 28, 1836	October 12, 1864
20	Samuel Freeman Miller	10,311	28 years, 84 days	July 21, 1862	October 13, 1890
21	John Catron	10,256	28 years, 29 days	May 1, 1837	May 30, 1865
22	Stephen Breyer	10,193	27 years, 331 days	August 3, 1994	June 30, 2022
23	Samuel Nelson	10,136	27 years, 275 days	February 27, 1845	November 28, 1872
24	Edward Douglass White (CJ)	9,929^[E]	27 years, 68 days	March 12, 1894 December 19, 1910	December 19, 1910 May 19, 1921
25	Ruth Bader Ginsburg	9,901	27 years, 39 days	August 10, 1993	September 18, 2020
26	Joseph McKenna	9,840	26 years, 345 days	January 26, 1898	January 5, 1925
27	Willis Van Devanter	9,647	26 years, 150 days	January 3, 1911	June 2, 1937
28	James Clark McReynolds	9,608	26 years, 111 days	October 12, 1914	January 31, 1941
29	Sandra Day O'Connor	8,894	24 years, 128 days	September 25, 1981	January 31, 2006
30	Harry Blackmun	8,821	24 years, 55 days	June 9, 1970	August 3, 1994
31	Thurgood Marshall	8,765	23 years, 364 days	October 2, 1967	October 1, 1991
32	Felix Frankfurter	8,611	23 years, 210 days	January 30, 1939	August 28, 1962
33	Nathan Clifford	8,586	23 years, 185 days	January 21, 1858	July 25, 1881
34	Robert Cooper Grier	8,575	23 years, 174 days	August 10, 1846	January 31, 1870
35	Gabriel Duvall	8,453	23 years, 52 days	November 23, 1811	January 14, 1835
36	Potter Stewart	8,298	22 years, 262 days	October 14, 1958	July 3, 1981
37	Louis Brandeis	8,288	22 years, 253 days	June 5, 1916	February 13, 1939
38	Joseph P. Bradley	7,975	21 years, 305 days	March 23, 1870	January 22, 1892
39	Melville Fuller (CJ)	7,938	21 years, 269 days	October 8, 1888	July 4, 1910
40	Harlan F. Stone (CJ)	7,721^[F]	21 years, 51 days	March 2, 1925 July 3, 1941	July 2, 1941 April 22, 1946
41	Horace Gray	7,553	20 years, 249 days	January 9, 1882	September 15, 1902
42	William Cushing	7,527	20 years, 223 days	February 2, 1790	September 13, 1810
43	Smith Thompson	7,413	20 years, 108 days	September 1, 1823	December 18, 1843
44	David J. Brewer	7,385	20 years, 81 days	January 6, 1890	March 28, 1910
45	William R. Day	7,196	19 years, 256 days	March 2, 1903	November 13, 1922
46	John Roberts (CJ)	7,025^[B]	19 years, 85 days	September 29, 2005	Incumbent
47	Stanley Forman Reed	6,965	19 years, 25 days	January 31, 1938	February 25, 1957
48	Noah Haynes Swayne	6,937	18 years, 363 days	January 27, 1862	January 24, 1881
49	Samuel Alito	6,901^[B]	18 years, 327 days	January 31, 2006	Incumbent
50	Thomas Todd	6,854	18 years, 279 days	May 4, 1807	February 7, 1826
51	David Souter	6,838	18 years, 263 days	October 9, 1990	June 29, 2009
52	Peter V. Daniel	6,716	18 years, 142 days	January 10, 1842	May 31, 1860
53	Tom C. Clark	6,501	17 years, 292 days	August 24, 1949	June 12, 1967
54	Warren E. Burger (CJ)	6,304	17 years, 95 days	June 23, 1969	September 26, 1986
55	Charles Evans Hughes (CJ)	6,214^[G]	17 years, 5 days	October 10, 1910 February 24, 1930	June 10, 1916 June 30, 1941
56	Pierce Butler	6,162	16 years, 318 days	January 2, 1923	November 16, 1939
57	John Marshall Harlan II	6,023	16 years, 179 days	March 28, 1955	September 23, 1971
58	Henry Brockholst Livingston	5,901	16 years, 57 days	January 20, 1807	March 18, 1823
59	Earl Warren (CJ)	5,740	15 years, 261 days	October 5, 1953	June 23, 1969
60	Lewis Franklin Powell	5,649	15 years, 170 days	January 7, 1972	June 26, 1987
61	Henry Billings Brown	5,621	15 years, 143 days	January 5, 1891	May 28, 1906
62	Sonia Sotomayor	5,616^[B]	15 years, 137 days	August 8, 2009	Incumbent
63	Samuel Chase	5,613	15 years, 135 days	February 4, 1796	June 19, 1811
64	George Sutherland	5,586	15 years, 107 days	October 2, 1922	January 17, 1938
65	Owen Roberts	5,538	15 years, 59 days	June 2, 1930	July 31, 1945
66	John McKinley	5,305	14 years, 192 days	January 9, 1838	July 19, 1852
67	Elena Kagan	5,252^[B]	14 years, 138 days	August 7, 2010	Incumbent
68	Henry Baldwin	5,207	14 years, 94 days	January 18, 1830	April 21, 1844
69	David Davis	5,198	14 years, 84 days	December 10, 1862	March 4, 1877
70	Morrison Waite (CJ)	5,133	14 years, 19 days	March 4, 1874	March 23, 1888
71	Rufus W. Peckham	5,039	13 years, 291 days	January 6, 1896	October 24, 1909
72	William Paterson	4,929	13 years, 182 days	March 11, 1793	September 9, 1806
73	Robert H. Jackson	4,838	13 years, 90 days	July 11, 1941	October 9, 1954
74	Harold H. Burton	4,760	13 years, 12 days	October 1, 1945	October 13, 1958
75	Samuel Blatchford	4,113	11 years, 95 days	April 3, 1882	July 7, 1893
76	Mahlon Pitney	3,940	10 years, 288 days	March 18, 1912	December 31, 1922
77	William Strong	3,928	10 years, 275 days	March 14, 1870	December 14, 1880
78	George Shiras Jr.	3,787	10 years, 136 days	October 10, 1892	February 23, 1903
79	Frank Murphy	3,452	9 years, 164 days	February 5, 1940	July 19, 1949
80	James Iredell	3,448	9 years, 161 days	May 12, 1790	October 20, 1799
81	Ward Hunt	3,305	9 years, 18 days	January 9, 1873	January 27, 1882
82	James Wilson	3,242	8 years, 320 days	October 5, 1789	August 21, 1798
83	William Howard Taft (CJ)	3,129	8 years, 207 days	July 11, 1921	February 3, 1930
84	Salmon P. Chase (CJ)	3,065	8 years, 143 days	December 15, 1864	May 7, 1873
85	John Archibald Campbell	2,941	8 years, 19 days	April 11, 1853	April 30, 1861
86	Stanley Matthews	2,866	7 years, 309 days	May 17, 1881	March 22, 1889
87	Neil Gorsuch	2,814^[B]	7 years, 257 days	April 10, 2017	Incumbent
88	Fred M. Vinson (CJ)	2,633	7 years, 76 days	June 24, 1946	September 8, 1953
89	Edward Terry Sanford	2,574	7 years, 17 days	February 19, 1923	March 8, 1930
90	Sherman Minton	2,560	7 years, 3 days	October 12, 1949	October 15, 1956
91	Wiley Rutledge	2,399	6 years, 207 days	February 15, 1943	September 10, 1949
92	William Burnham Woods	2,320	6 years, 129 days	January 5, 1881	May 14, 1887
93	Benjamin N. Cardozo	2,308	6 years, 117 days	March 14, 1932	July 9, 1938
94	Brett Kavanaugh	2,270^[B]	6 years, 78 days	October 6, 2018	Incumbent
95	Benjamin Robbins Curtis	2,182	5 years, 355 days	October 10, 1851	September 30, 1857
96	Levi Woodbury	2,172	5 years, 346 days	September 23, 1845	September 4, 1851
97	John Hessin Clarke	2,170	5 years, 344 days	October 9, 1916	September 18, 1922
98	John Blair	2,091	5 years, 265 days	February 2, 1790	October 25, 1795
99	John Jay (CJ)	2,079	5 years, 253 days	October 19, 1789	June 29, 1795
100 (tie)	Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar	1,832	5 years, 5 days	January 18, 1888	January 23, 1893
100 (tie)	Charles Evans Whittaker	1,832	5 years, 6 days	March 25, 1957	March 31, 1962
102	Joseph Rucker Lamar	1,825	4 years, 364 days	January 3, 1911	January 2, 1916
103	Philip P. Barbour	1,750	4 years, 289 days	May 12, 1836	February 25, 1841
104	Oliver Ellsworth (CJ)	1,742	4 years, 282 days	March 8, 1796	December 15, 1800
105	Horace Harmon Lurton	1,651	4 years, 190 days	January 3, 1910	July 12, 1914
106	Amy Coney Barrett	1,518^[B]	4 years, 57 days	October 27, 2020	Incumbent
107	William Henry Moody	1,434	3 years, 338 days	December 17, 1906	November 20, 1910
108	Alfred Moore	1,375	3 years, 280 days	April 21, 1800	January 26, 1804
109	Abe Fortas	1,318	3 years, 222 days	October 4, 1965	May 14, 1969
110	Arthur Goldberg	1,028	2 years, 297 days	October 1, 1962	July 25, 1965
111	Ketanji Brown Jackson	907^[B]	2 years, 176 days	June 30, 2022	Incumbent
112	Howell E. Jackson	887	2 years, 157 days	March 4, 1893	August 8, 1895
113	Robert Trimble	801	2 years, 70 days	June 16, 1826	August 25, 1828
114	John Rutledge (CJ)	521^[H]	1 year, 156 days	February 15, 1790 August 12, 1795	March 5, 1791 December 28, 1795
115	Thomas Johnson	485	1 year, 119 days	September 19, 1791	January 16, 1793
116	James F. Byrnes	452	1 year, 87 days	July 8, 1941	October 3, 1942

Notes

^ Average tenure in office has increased significantly over the past half-century. In 1970, the average tenure in office (for the 89 justices who had left the Court prior to 1970) was about fifteen years.^[2]
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k As of December 23, 2024
^ A nominee who was confirmed by the United States Senate but declined to serve, such as Robert H. Harrison, or who died after being confirmed but before taking the necessary steps toward becoming a member of the court, such as Edwin Stanton, is not considered to have served as a justice, and thus not included on this list.^[3]
^ Length of tenure includes 5,376 days' service as associate justice and 6,917 days as chief justice.
^ Length of tenure includes 6,125 days' service as associate justice and 3,804 days as chief justice.
^ Length of tenure includes 5,966 days' service as associate justice and 1,754 days as chief justice.
^ Length of tenure includes 2,070 days' service as associate justice and 4,144 days as chief justice.
^ Length of tenure includes 383 days service as associate justice and 138 days as chief justice.

References

^ Wellford, Rachel (July 9, 2018). "More than 2 centuries of Supreme Court justices, in 18 numbers". PBS NewsHour. Arlington County, Virginia: NewsHour Productions (WETA-TV). Archived from the original on July 13, 2018. Retrieved August 3, 2018.
^ Cramton, Roger C. (Fall 2007). "Reforming the Supreme Court". California Law Review. 95: 1313–1334 (at p.1316). Archived from the original on March 19, 2019. Retrieved August 3, 2018 – via Cornell Law Faculty Publications.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Justices 1789 to Present". Washington, D.C.: Supreme Court of the United States. Archived from the original on April 15, 2010. Retrieved February 14, 2022.