List of United States House of Representatives elections (1856–present)

This provides a summary of the results of elections to the United States House of Representatives from the elections held in 1856 to the present. This time period corresponds to the Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Party Systems of the United States. For the purposes of counting partisan divisions in the U.S. House of Representatives, "Independent Democrats", "Independent Republicans", and other members loosely affiliated with the two main parties have been included in the "Democrat" and "Republican" member tallies in the table below, though the details of such are included in the accompanying 'Notes'. Parties with a majority, or which controlled the U.S. House of Representatives after the election, are shown in bold.

Summary of the 1856–present United States House of Representatives elections[1]
Election
year 		Democrats Republicans Other parties Total
apportionment
Seats Change Seats Change Populist Independents Others
1856 133[a] +50 90 –10[b] – – 14[c] 237
1858 98[d] –35 116 +26 – – 24[e] 238
1860 45[a] –53[f] 108 –8 – – 30[g] 183[f]
1862 72 +27 87[h] –21 – – 25[g] 184
1864 38 –34 137[i] +50 – – 18[g] 193
1866 47 +9 175[j] +38 – – 4[k] 226
1868 67 +20 171 –4 – – 5[l] 243
1870 104 +37 139[m] –32 – – – 243
1872 89[a] –15 203[n] +44 – – – 292
1874 183[a] +94 106[o] –97 – 4 – 293
1876 157[p] –26 136 +30 – – – 293
1878 148[q] –9 132 –4 – – 13[r] 293
1880 131[s] –17 151 +19 – 1 10[t] 293
1882 199[u] +68 118[i] –33 – 2 6[v] 325
1884 183[a] –16 141 +23 – – 1[w] 325
1886 167 –16 154[h] +13 – 1 3[x] 325
1888 152 –15 179 +25 – – 1[y] 332
1890 238 +86 86 –93 8 – – 332
1892 220[p] –18 124 +38 11 – 1[z] 356
1894 93 –127 254 +130 9 – 1[z] 357
1896 124 +31 210[aa] –44 22 – 1[z] 357
1898 161 +37 189[ab] –21 6[ac] – 1[z] 357
1900 151 –10 201[ad] +12 5 – – 357
1902 176 +25 210[o] +9 – – – 386
1904 135 –41 251 +41 – – – 386
1906 167 +32 224[i] –27 – – – 391
1908 172 +5 219 –5 – – – 391
1910 230 +58 163[ae] –56 – – 1[af] 394
1912 291 +61 134 –29 – 1 9[ag] 435
1914 230 –61 196 +62 – 1 8[ah] 435
1916 214[ai] –16 216[i] +20 – – 5[aj] 435
1918 192 –22 240 +24 – 1 2[ak] 435
1920 131 –61 303[i] +63 – – 1[af] 435
1922 207 +76 225 –78 – – 3[al] 435
1924 183 –24 247 +22 – – 5[am] 435
1926 194 +11 238 –9 – – 3[al] 435
1928 164 –30 270 +32 – – 1[an] 435
1930 216[ao] +52 218 –52 – – 1[an] 435
1932 313 +97 117 –101 – – 5[ap] 435
1934 322 +9 103 –14 – – 10[aq] 435
1936 334 +12 88 –15 – – 13[ar] 435
1938 262 –72 169 +81 – – 4[as] 435
1940 268[a] +6 162 –7 – – 5[at] 435
1942 222 –46 209 +47 – – 4[as] 435
1944 244 +22 189 –20 – – 2[au] 435
1946 188 –56 246 +57 – – 1[av] 435
1948 263 +75 171 –75 – – 1[av] 435
1950 235 –28 199 +28 – 1 – 435
1952 213 –22 221 +22 – 1 – 435
1954 232 +19 203 –18 – – – 435
1956 232 0 203 0 – – – 435
1958 283[a] +51 153 –50 – – – 436[aw]
1960 264 –19 173 +20 – – – 437[ax]
1962 259[2] –5 176[2] +3 – – – 435
1964 295 +36 140 –36 – – – 435
1966 248 –47 187 +47 – – – 435
1968 243 –5 192 +5 – – – 435
1970 255 +12 180 –12 – – – 435
1972 243 –12 192 +12 – – – 435
1974 291 +48 144 –48 – – – 435
1976 292 +1 143 –1 – – – 435
1978 277[3] –15 158[3] +15 – – – 435
1980 243 –34 192 +34 – – – 435
1982 269 +26 166 –26 – – – 435
1984 253[4] –16 182[4] +16 – – – 435
1986 258 +5 177 –5 – – – 435
1988 260[5] +2 175[5] –2 – – – 435
1990 267 +7 167 –8 – 1 – 435
1992 258 –9 176 +9 – 1 – 435
1994 204[6] –54 230[6] +54 – 1 – 435
1996 206[7] +2 228[7] –2 – 1 – 435
1998 211 +5 223 –5 – 1 – 435
2000 212[8] +1 221[8] –2 – 2 – 435
2002 205 –7 229 +8 – 1 – 435
2004 202[9] –3 232[9] +3 – 1 – 435
2006 233 +31 202 –30 – – – 435
2008 257 +24 178 –24 – – – 435
2010 193 –63 242 +63 – – – 435
2012 201 +8 234 –8 – – – 435
2014 188 –13 247 +13 – – – 435
2016 194 +6 241 –6 – – – 435
2018 235 +41 199 –42 – – 1[ay] 435
2020 222 –13 213[az] +14 – – – 435
2022 213 –9 222 +9 – – – 435
  Republican Party won a majority.     Democratic Party won a majority.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Includes one Independent Democrat.
  2. ^ Compared to the number of seats for "Opposition Party" in the 34th United States Congress.
  3. ^ Fourteen members of the American Party (Know Nothing).
  4. ^ Includes eight Anti-Lecompton Democrats and seven Independent Democrats.
  5. ^ Includes nineteen "Opposition" members, and five members of the American Party (Know Nothing).
  6. ^ a b Much of this loss is due to the secession of the Confederate States of America.
  7. ^ a b c Includes various factions of Constitutional Unionists.
  8. ^ a b Includes two Independent Republicans.
  9. ^ a b c d e Includes one Independent Republican.
  10. ^ Includes one Independent Republican and one conservative Republican.
  11. ^ Includes two Conservative members, and also two vacant U.S. House districts.
  12. ^ Includes five Conservative members.
  13. ^ Includes two Liberal Republicans and one Independent Republican.
  14. ^ Includes four Liberal Republicans.
  15. ^ a b Includes three Independent Republicans.
  16. ^ a b Includes two Independent Democrats.
  17. ^ Includes seven Independent Democrats.
  18. ^ Includes thirteen members of the National Independent (Greenback) Party.
  19. ^ Includes two Readjuster Democrats and one Independent Democrat.
  20. ^ Includes ten members of the National Independent (Greenback) Party.
  21. ^ Includes three Independent Democrats.
  22. ^ Includes four members of the Readjuster Party, two members of the National Independent (Greenback) Party.
  23. ^ One National Independent (Greenback) Party member.
  24. ^ Includes two members of the Labor Party, one member of the National Independent (Greenback) Party.
  25. ^ One Labor Party member.
  26. ^ a b c d Includes one Silver Party member.
  27. ^ Includes three Silver Republican Party members (a GOP splinter group), and one Independent Republican.
  28. ^ Includes two Silver Republican Party members (a GOP splinter group).
  29. ^ Includes one Independent Populist.
  30. ^ Includes one Silver Republican Party member.
  31. ^ Includes one Progressive Republican member.
  32. ^ a b Includes one Socialist member.
  33. ^ Includes nine Progressive Party members.
  34. ^ Includes six Progressive Party members, one Socialist member, and one Prohibition Party member.
  35. ^ Democrats maintained control of the U.S. House after the 1916 elections by forming a 218-member coalition with the three Progressive members and the one Socialist member.
  36. ^ Includes three Progressive Party members, one Socialist member, and one Prohibition Party member.
  37. ^ Includes one Union-Labor member, and one Prohibition Party member.
  38. ^ a b Includes two Farmer–Labor Party members and one Socialist Party member.
  39. ^ Includes three Farmer–Labor Party members, one American-Labor member, and one Socialist Party member.
  40. ^ a b Includes one Farmer–Labor Party member.
  41. ^ Before the 72nd United States Congress convened for its first day, 14 representatives-elect died, and the results of the intervening special elections caused party control of the House to change, and Democrats organized with the majority of an initial majority 218 House seats.
  42. ^ Includes five Farmer–Labor Party members.
  43. ^ Includes three Farmer–Labor Party members, and seven Wisconsin Progressive Party members.
  44. ^ Includes five Farmer–Labor Party members, and seven Wisconsin Progressive Party and on California Progressive Party members.
  45. ^ a b Includes one Farmer–Labor Party member, one American Labor Party member, and two Wisconsin Progressive Party members.
  46. ^ Includes one Farmer–Labor Party member, one American Labor Party member, and three Wisconsin Progressive Party members.
  47. ^ Includes one American Labor Party member and one Wisconsin Progressive Party member.
  48. ^ a b Includes one American Labor Party member.
  49. ^ Alaska was admitted as a state and entered Congress at the beginning of the 86th Congress.
  50. ^ Hawaii was admitted as a state and entered Congress on August 21, 1959 during the preceding 86th Congress.
  51. ^ Results from North Carolina's 9th congressional district were voided, leading to a September 2019 special election.
  52. ^ Includes the results of the election for NY-22 which were not certified until February 5, 2021 after a judicial review of the election results.

References

  1. ^ "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
  2. ^ a b "Congress Profiles 88th Congress (1963–1965)". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
  3. ^ a b "Congress Profiles 96th Congress (1979–1981)". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
  4. ^ a b "Congress Profiles 99th Congress (1985–1987)". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
  5. ^ a b "Congress Profiles 101st Congress (1989–1991)". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
  6. ^ a b "Congress Profiles 104th Congress (1995–1997)". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
  7. ^ a b "Congress Profiles 105th Congress (1997–1999)". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
  8. ^ a b "Congress Profiles 107th Congress (2001–2003)". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
  9. ^ a b "Congress Profiles 109th Congress (2005–2007)". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 18, 2015.

Bibliography