Lilly Ledbetter

Lilly Ledbetter
Ledbetter in 2016
Born	Lilly Lynn McDaniel (1938-04-14)April 14, 1938 Possum Trot, Alabama, U.S.
Died	October 12, 2024(2024-10-12) (aged 86) Birmingham, Alabama, U.S.
Known for	Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.; Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009
Spouse	Charles Ledbetter ​ ​ (m. 1956; died 2008)​
Children	2

Lilly Lynn McDaniel Ledbetter (April 14, 1938 – October 12, 2024) was an American activist who was the plaintiff in the United States Supreme Court case Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.^[1] regarding employment discrimination. Two years after the Supreme Court decided that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 does not allow employers to be sued for pay discrimination more than 180 days after an employee's first paycheck, the United States Congress passed a fair pay act in her name to remedy this issue, the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009.^[2] Subsequently, she became a women's equality activist, public speaker, and author. In 2011, Ledbetter was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.^[3][4]

Personal life

Ledbetter was born Lilly Lynn McDaniel in Possum Trot, Alabama, on April 14, 1938, and grew up in nearby Jacksonville, Alabama.^[5][6][7][8] She graduated from Jacksonville High School in 1956. Her father J.C. McDaniel was a mechanic at the Anniston Army Depot.^[9] After graduating from high school, Lilly McDaniel married Charles Ledbetter and had two children, Vicky and Phillip.^[10] She remained married until Charles's death in December 2008. Ledbetter worked at Jacksonville State University in Jacksonville, Alabama, as the assistant director of financial aid.^[9]

On October 12, 2024, Ledbetter died from respiratory failure at a hospital in Birmingham, Alabama, at the age of 86.^{[5][11][12][13][14]}

Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.

Main article: Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.

In 1979, Lilly Ledbetter was hired by Goodyear, working as a supervisor. After working for Goodyear for 19 years and nearing retirement, she received an anonymous note revealing that she was making thousands less per year than the men in her position.^[9] Had her pay raises remained consistent with those given to the male employees, she would have made over $200,000 more over the course of her career than she actually had.^[9]

As a result, Ledbetter filed a sex discrimination lawsuit against Goodyear.^[15][16] She initially won her case, but the judgment was reversed on appeal by the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.^[9] The lawsuit eventually reached the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled against her because she did not file suit 180 days from the date of the discriminatory policy that led to her reduced paycheck, though the paycheck itself was issued during the 180-day period. The Supreme Court did not consider the issue of whether a plaintiff's late discovery of a discriminatory action would excuse a failure to file within the 180-day period because her attorneys conceded it would have made no difference in her case.^[17][18] In dissent, United States Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg wrote:

Lilly Ledbetter was a supervisor at Goodyear Tire and Rubber's plant in Gadsden, Alabama, from 1979 until her retirement in 1998. For most of those years, she worked as an area manager, a position largely occupied by men. Initially, Ledbetter's salary was in line with the salaries of men performing substantially similar work. Over time, however, her pay slipped in comparison to the pay of male area managers with equal or less seniority. By the end of 1997, Ledbetter was the only woman working as an area manager and the pay discrepancy between Ledbetter and her 15 male counterparts was stark: Ledbetter was paid $3,727 per month; the lowest paid male area manager received $4,286 per month, the highest paid, $5,236.^[18]

Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009

Subsequently, the 111th United States Congress passed the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act in 2009 to loosen the timeliness requirements for the filing of a discrimination suit so long as any act of discrimination, including receipt of a paycheck that reflects a past act of discrimination, occurs within the 180-day period of limitations. The act sought to reverse the Supreme Court's ruling in Ledbetter v. Goodyear, which restricted the time period for filing pay discrimination claims, making it more difficult for workers to file a complaint.^[19]

Passage of the act did not result in Ledbetter receiving a settlement from Goodyear.^[16][20] Although she did not receive restitution from Goodyear, she said, "I'll be happy if the last thing they say about me after I die is that I made a difference."^[15]

The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act was President Barack Obama's first official piece of legislation as president. He said: "When I came into office, we passed something called the Lilly Ledbetter Act, named after a good friend of mine, Lilly Ledbetter, who had worked for years and found out long into her work that she had been getting paid all these years less than men, substantially. She brought suit. They said, well, it's too late to file suit because you should have filed suit right when it started happening. She said, I just found out. They said, it doesn't matter. So we changed that law to allow somebody like Lilly, when they find out, to finally be able to go ahead and file suit."^[21]

By 2011, over 350 cases had already cited the Ledbetter decision since it was handed down in 2009.^[22]

Ruth Bader Ginsburg had a framed copy of the bill, Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, in her chambers.^[15]

• 
  President Obama signing the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009. Ledbetter is to the viewer's right of President Obama.
• 
  Ledbetter speaks during the second day of the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado.
• 
  Ledbetter promoting Barack Obama for working-class families in Pennsylvania for his presidential campaign in 2008.

Women's equality activism and legacy

On August 26, 2008 (Women's Equality Day), Ledbetter spoke at the Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado, on the topic of pay equity.^[23][24]

In February 2013, Ledbetter released Grace and Grit: My Fight for Equal Pay and Fairness at Goodyear and Beyond,^[25] a memoir detailing her struggle for equal pay. Her book chronicles her life from her humble beginnings in Alabama to the passage of the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, signed by President Obama in 2009.^[15] On October 31, 2012, Lilly Ledbetter appeared as a guest on the Colbert Report to promote the book.^[26]

On September 4, 2012, she spoke at the Democratic National Convention in Charlotte, North Carolina.^[27] She said, "This cause, which bears my name, is bigger than me. It's as big as all of you. This fight, which began as my own, is now our fight—a fight for the fundamental American values that make our country great." Ledbetter also declared that "what we lose can't just be measured in dollars."^[28]

Ledbetter's story was dramatized in the 2024 film Lilly, in which she is played by Patricia Clarkson. The film premiered at the Hamptons International Film Festival on October 10, 2024, two days before Ledbetter's death.^[5]

She was the 'question' in the season 41, episode 41, program Jeopardy! aired November 4, 2024, just 23 days after her death.^[29]

Books

• Ledbetter, Lilly & Isom, Lanier Scott (2012). Grace and Grit: My Fight for Equal Pay and Fairness at Goodyear and Beyond. Crown Archetype. ISBN 978-0307887924.

References

1. "Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., 550 U.S. 618 (2007)". Justia Law. Retrieved October 15, 2024.
2. "Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act: Definition, History, Impact". Investopedia. Retrieved October 15, 2024.
3. "Ledbetter, Lilly". National Women's Hall of Fame.
4. "[node:Title]". www.csrwire.com. Retrieved October 15, 2024.
5. Smith, Harrison (October 14, 2024). "Lilly Ledbetter, a stalwart in the fight for fair pay, dies at 86". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
6. "Personal Biography of Lilly Ledbetter". Archived from the original on June 5, 2016. Retrieved February 24, 2009.
7. Baker, Barbara A. (2011). "Lilly Ledbetter". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Alabama Humanities Foundation. Retrieved March 9, 2013.
8. Smith, Harrison (October 14, 2024). "Lilly Ledbetter, a stalwart in the fight for fair pay, dies at 86". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved October 15, 2024.
9. Gabriel, Trip; Moses, Claire (October 14, 2024). "Lilly Ledbetter, Whose Fight for Equal Pay Changed U.S. Law, Dies at 86". The New York Times. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
10. "MSN". www.msn.com. Retrieved October 15, 2024.
11. "Remembering Lilly Ledbetter: A Life of Grit and Persistence". The Persistent. October 14, 2024. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
12. "Lilly Ledbetter, equal pay icon, dead at 86". CBS News. October 14, 2024. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
13. Gabriel, Trip; Moses, Claire (October 14, 2024). "Lilly Ledbetter, Whose Fight for Equal Pay Changed U.S. Law, Dies at 86". The New York Times. Retrieved October 15, 2024.
14. "Lilly Ledbetter, an icon of the fight for equal pay, has died at 86". AP News. October 14, 2024. Retrieved October 15, 2024.
15. "Lilly Ledbetter". www.lillyledbetter.com. Retrieved November 27, 2017.
16. Pickert, Kate (January 29, 2009). "Lilly Ledbetter". TIME. Archived from the original on February 2, 2009.
17. "Interview with Stephen Colbert". October 31, 2012. Retrieved June 5, 2012.
18. "Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., No. 05-1074, decided May 2007" (PDF).
19. Miller, George; et al. (Committee on Education and Labor) (July 18, 2007). Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2007 (PDF). House of Representatives. U.S. Government Printing Office (Report). Washington, DC: 110th Congress of the United States of America, 1st Session. Report 110–237. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
20. Brown, Heidi (April 28, 2009). "Equal payback for Lilly Ledbetter". Forbes. Retrieved October 15, 2024.
21. Kessler, Glenn (May 14, 2015). "Lilly Ledbetter, Barack Obama and the famous 'anonymous note'". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved November 27, 2017.
22. Ermie, Amy M. (Autumn 2011). "Wage Disparity Between Men and Women: Title VII and Lilly Ledbetter, Why the Court Was Wrong, and the Ramifications". Employee Relations Law Journal. 37 (2). New York: 16–66. ProQuest 883866164.
23. "Transcript of Lily Ledbetter @ the DNC". PBS. Archived from the original on September 15, 2008. Retrieved June 21, 2009.
24. "Lilly Ledbetter at the 2012 Democratic National Convention". C-SPAN. Archived from the original on September 6, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012.
25. Ledbetter, Lilly; Isom, Lanier Scott (2013). Grace and Grit: My Fight for Equal Pay and Fairness at Goodyear and Beyond. Crown. ISBN 9780307887948. Retrieved October 15, 2024 – via Penguin Random House.
26. "The Colbert Report". Comedy Central. Archived from the original on August 14, 2015.
27. "Ledbetter, Baldwin, Longoria to address Dem convention". Politico. August 21, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
28. "Lilly Ledbetter DNC speech". Politico (text, video). Retrieved November 27, 2017.
29. "Jeopardy! S41E41 - #22 in double Jeopardy".

External links

• Remembering Lilly Ledbetter: A Life of Grit and Persistence (profile on Lilly's life)
• A Call to Act: Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co (video documentary).
• Lilly Ledbetter (video). Makers: Women Who Make America.
• Appearances on C-SPAN