Lekaneleo

Lekaneleo Temporal range: Late Oligocene-Early Miocene ~25–16 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Infraclass:	Marsupialia
Order:	Diprotodontia
Family:	†Thylacoleonidae
Genus:	†Lekaneleo Gillespie, Archer & Hand, 2020
Type species
†Lekaneleo roskellyae Gillespie, 1997
Other species
†L. myersi Gillespie, 2023[1]
Synonyms
Priscileo roskellyae Gillespie, 1997

Lekaneleo is a fossil genus of carnivorous marsupial that existed during the early Miocene in Australia. Once allied to the type species of the genus Priscileo, later placed as Wakaleo pitikantensis, "Priscileo" roskellyae was subsequently transferred to its own genus Lekaneleo.^[2]

Taxonomy

The species was described by Anna Gillespie in 1997, describing material excavated at the Riversleigh World Heritage Area that included a largely complete cranium and maxillary retaining some teeth and details of the alveoli. Examination of the new species included a revision of the previously monotypic genus, Priscileo, known only by fragmented remains of teeth and a partial maxilla. The discovery of a new species of Riversleigh fauna allowed the genus to be revised (Gillespie, et al, 2017) to include the type to be recognised in the new combination as Wakaleo pitikantensis.^[3] Subsequently Gillespie, Archer & Hand (2020) moved "Priscileo" roskellyae to a distinct genus Lekaneleo, arguing that it exhibits features supporting its generic distinction within Thylacoleonidae.^[4] The specific epithet honours Ros Kelly, who provided support to research at Riversleigh when acting as a minister of the federal government.^[2]

Description

As one of two described species of Priscileo, it is estimated to have been around two thirds the size of Priscileo pitikantensis;^[2] the body mass of L. roskellyae is calculated as 2.7 kilograms (6.0 lb).^[5] The upper dental formula of this marsupial was I1–3 C1 P1–13 M 1–4. The premolar P3 is similar in form to the larger tooth in species of Wakaleo, the mid-sized thylacoleonids that also existed at Riversleigh and seemed to occupy different ecological niches in the same time period.^[2]

The comparative bite force of the species, along with the larger Thylacoleo carnifex, is estimated to have been the greatest of any known mammal and strongly supports the conception of predators that killed animals larger than itself.^[5] The conception of the larger species 'P. pitikantensis, based on extrapolations from the limb morphology, is proposed to have been an arboreal ambush predator.^[2]

References

1. Gillespie, A. K. (2023). "Two new marsupial lion taxa (Marsupialia, Thylacoleonidae) from the early and Middle Miocene of Australia". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 47 (4): 506–521. Bibcode:2023Alch...47..506G. doi:10.1080/03115518.2022.2152096. S2CID 256157821.
2. Gillespie, A. (1997). "Priscileo roskellyae sp. nov. (Thylacoleonidae, Marsupialia) from the Oligocene-Miocene of Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland". Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 41: 321–327.
3. Gillespie, A.K.; Archer, M.; Hand, S.J. (6 December 2017). "A new Oligo–Miocene marsupial lion from Australia and revision of the family Thylacoleonidae". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 17 (1): 59–89. doi:10.1080/14772019.2017.1391885. S2CID 90758394.
4. Anna K. Gillespie; Michael Archer; Suzanne J. Hand (2020). "Lekaneleo, a new genus of marsupial lion (Marsupialia, Thylacoleonidae) from the Oligocene–Miocene of Australia, and the craniodental morphology of L. roskellyae, comb. nov". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (5): e1703722. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1703722. S2CID 214332715.
5. Wroe, S; McHenry, C; Thomason, J (2005). "Bite club: Comparative bite force in big biting mammals and the prediction of predatory behaviour in fossil taxa". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 272 (1563): 619–625. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2986. PMC 1564077. PMID 15817436.