Land registration is any of various systems by which matters concerning ownership, possession, or other rights in land are formally recorded (usually with a government agency or department) to provide evidence of title, facilitate transactions, and prevent unlawful disposal. The information recorded and the protection provided by land registration varies widely by jurisdiction.
In common law countries, particularly in jurisdictions in the Commonwealth of Nations, when replacing the deeds registration system, title registrations are broadly classified into two basic types: the Torrens title system and the English system, a modified version of the Torrens system.[1]
Cadastral systems and land registration are both types of land recording and complement each other.[2]
Land registration is a matter for individual states in the USA. Thus each state will define the officials, authorities, and their functions and duties with respect to the ownership of land within that state, as is more fully described in the specified main article. The journey of buying a property is incomplete without property registration; you need all the necessary documents before the property can lawfully be yours. While there is a contract between you and the seller, a change of ownership only occurs after the property is legally registered under your name in the government's data. The process of property registration is a must in the U.S. and it differs by state. The path of purchasing a home is incomplete without property registration; you must have all of the required documentation before the home can be legally yours.
The French system uses a cadastre, maintained by the French public land registry. The plans are boundaries of land parcels but do not provide details of the land owner or precise boundaries.[5]
§ 873.1 of the German Civil Code stipulates that the transfer of ownership of a plot of land, the encumbrance of a plot of land with a right and the transfer or encumbrance of such a right requires registration in the Land Register (Grundbuch). Except for the cases explicitly provided for by law, the respective agreement becomes binding only upon its registration. Land used for purposes in the public interest is exempt from this requirement.
Ireland
Land registration is compulsory in the Republic of Ireland, and two parallel registries are maintained: the Land Registry (Clárlann na Talún in Irish) and the Registry of Deeds (Clárlann na nGníomhas).
The system in Ireland follows the English system, but with features typical of the Torrens system (for example, anyone can inspect the register). Robert Torrens himself drafted the Record of Title (Ireland) Act, 1865 in order to record titles conveyed. The Landed Estates Court a register, the "Record of Title". While the record was not open to the public, the index could be inspected by anyone, today the index and folios can be viewed by anyone with an administration charge. Recording of title under the Act was voluntary and this was one of the reasons why the Act proved ineffective.[1]
The Land Registry has been dealing with the registration of all transactions (purchase, sale, mortgage, remortgage and other burdens) concerning registered land since 1892, and issued land certificates which are a state guarantee of the registered owner's good title up to 1 January 2007. Land Certificates have been abolished by virtue of Section 23 of the Registration of Deeds and Title Act, 2006. Every piece of land in the register – which is arranged by county — is granted a folio number, under which all transactions pertaining to the land can be examined on request and after payment of a fee, currently €5 (as of June 2020). Approximately 90% of land by area, and 85% of title, is registered.
The Registry of Deeds has since 1708 dealt with the registration of wills, marriage settlements, title deeds, mortgage documents and other documentation concerning granting of title over land. It was originally set up to enforce the legislation regarding ownership of land by Catholics. A registered deed took precedence over an unregistered deed. Original deeds and their schedules were not retained by the registry, but rather detailed summaries (called "memorials") of conveyancing and mortgage documents are stamped and filed by the registrar. These documents are generally signed by at least one of the parties and one of the witnesses of the deeds. No certificates or guarantees of title are issued: the registry merely endeavours to provide information concerning the deeds lodged against a certain property – and, crucially, the order in which they were lodged – such as the last named owner or the latest mortgage to be lodged.
Both registries are managed by the Property Registration Authority. The Registry of Deeds occupies one site, namely one half of the King's Inns building on Henrietta Street, Dublin and the Land Registry has offices in Dublin, Waterford and in Roscommon, with its head office situated in the Four Courts, Dublin. Prior to COVID-19, both were freely accessible to the public and did not require an appointment to visit, but now do. Since the Republic of Ireland gained independence in 1922, its registries have only dealt with the land comprised in its 26 counties (formerly the Irish Free State, 1922–37). Since 1922, the remaining 6 counties of Northern Ireland have their own separate register of land now being administered by the Land and Property Services in the Northern Ireland Department of Finance and Personnel. However, the Registry of Deeds in Dublin still holds and provides memorials relating to the 6 Northern Irish counties for the time period 1708–1922.
Recording of title under recent legislative changes is now compulsory. Public access to the index and folios is limited to individuals who have an account with the Property Registration Authority.
The Property Registration Authority in Ireland is connected to the European Land Information Service EULIS.
The land register (nekilnojamojo turto registras) contains factual data (area, height, volume, year of construction and owner name) and legal data (agreements of joint ownership, court rulings, easement, mortgages) on immovable property such as land and buildings.[6]
A sale agreement on real estate is legally binding even without registration in the land register, the only requirement being certification of the agreement by a notary. Registration is required, however, in order for the new owner to sell or otherwise transfer the property, or enter a mortgage. Furthermore, only registration makes the transfer opposable to third parties.[7][8][9]
Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at ru:Титул Торренса; see its history for attribution.
Advantages of the Torrens system were seen in Russia almost immediately after its occurrence,[10] but scrapped the Russian legal system for the overthrow of the Provisional Government and the dispersal of the Constituent Assembly did all ideas Russian imperial jurists consigned to history.
Now operating the system of accounting and registration of rights to immovable property in Russia can not be called a complete system or Torrens cadastral system, although some of its elements and principles correspond to the Torrens title. Accounting for land, buildings and natural sites organized in Russia in the database of real estate cadastre of the State on the basis of a federal law in 2007 No. 221-FZ "On State Real Estate Cadastre".[11] The account holder of these facilities is conducted in another database: the Unified State Register of rights to immovable property and transactions with them on the basis of a federal law in 1997 No. 122-FZ "On State Registration of Rights to Real Estate and Transactions Therewith".[12] Both laws established openness cadastre and registry information, and assigned to a single organization responsible for their management – Rosreestr . Entry in the Unified State Register of real property rights is a necessary and sufficient condition for the emergence of property rights to real estate. For information about the property, contained in the cadastre and registry, sufficiently detailed and structured cover most essential information about an object runs open cadastral map.[13] With a fairly simple web forms can be found and read a part of the information on any object property.[14] These laws are not, however, establish an immediate full liability of the state for the correctness of the information contained in databases.
In 2015, the State Duma has been registered a bill that covers public access to information about the owners of the property.[15] The bill was supported by the Government.[16] According to some experts, the restriction of information openness reduces the chances of identifying the public cases of illegal enrichment and increases business risks.[17]
In the United Kingdom there are several land registers, including HM Land Registry for England and Wales, Registers of Scotland, and Land and Property Services in Northern Ireland.
Over time various areas of the country were designated areas of compulsory registration by order so in different parts of the country compulsory registration has been around longer than in others. The last order was made in 1990, so now virtually all transactions in land result in compulsory registration. One difference is land changing ownership after death, where land is gifted rather than sold; these became compulsorily registrable only in April 1998. Similarly it became compulsory to register land when a mortgage is created on it in 1998.
The Land Registry is connected to the European Land Information Service EULIS.
Details of registrations are available to any person upon payment of the prescribed fees. Precautionary measures have been introduced in recent years to verify the identity of persons attempting to change records of title. No details will be on record for any land which has not had a relevant transaction recorded as will often occur if, for example, ownership was last transferred before the introduction of compulsory registration in a particular area. Public access to the title and filed plans in pdf format is available for a fee at Land Registry of England and Wales. Public access to a digital version of the boundaries on aerial photography is available at Land Registry UK - Map Search.
A legal boundary deals with the precise separation of ownership of land. It is an invisible line dividing one person's land from another's. It does not have thickness or width and usually, but not always, falls somewhere in or along a physical boundary feature such as a wall, fence or hedge. The exact positions of the legal boundaries are almost never shown on registered title plans and are not shown on Ordnance Survey maps.
In a joint statement between Land Registry (England and Wales) and Ordnance Survey they state that:[20]
This title plan shows the general position of the boundaries: it does not show the exact line of the boundaries. Measurements scaled from this plan may not match measurements between the same points on the ground.
Scotland
Scotland is one of the first countries in the world to have a system of land registration. Land registration commenced in Scotland with the creation of the "Register of Sasines" by the Registration Act 1617.
Land registration in Northern Ireland is operated by Land and Property Services, an executive agency within the Department of Finance and Personnel for Northern Ireland. Prior to 1 April 2007 it was dealt with by the Land Registers Northern Ireland government agency.
The Hong KongLand Registry administers the Land Registration Ordinance and provides facilities for search of the Land Register and related records by the public and government departments. It has responsibility for the registration of owners corporations under the Building Management Ordinance.
India
Land registration is a matter for individual states in India. Thus each state will define the officials, authorities, and their functions and duties with respect to the ownership of land within that state.[21] Each and every state has different recording and management systems. In recent times, Union Government of India and many state governments have started different programs to modernise the state level land records.[22] The Govt. of UP has eased the experience for their citizens to get the land records. UP Bhulekh is a digital service started by the Government of Uttar Pradesh, for its citizens to keep records of their lands or properties online.[23] Other state also provided the digital service for Land record and land registration. Now any one of the state can easily check their land related information.
The Deeds system was introduced in 1841[26][27] and the Torrens system in 1870.[28] Both methods ran in parallel until 1924 when registration under the Land Transfer Act (Torrens system) became compulsory and a project to issue titles for all property was instituted.[29] A title could be issued Limited as to Title or Limited as to Parcel if there were doubts about the ownership or the survey.
^Jo Henssen, BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE MAIN CADASTRAL SYSTEMS IN THE WORLD, "Error404". Archived from the original on 27 March 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
Bipolar-shaped progenitor cells of all neurons in the cerebral cortex and some glia Radial glial cellG-CSF receptor expression clearly delineates cells of radial glia in the embryonic murine brain. From Kirsch et al., 2008.[1]DetailsIdentifiersLatingliocytus radialisTHH3.11.08.3.01098 Anatomical terms of microanatomy[edit on Wikidata] Radial glial cells, or radial glial progenitor cells (RGPs), are bipolar-shaped progenitor cells that are responsible for producing all of the neuro...
دول قشلاقي تقسيم إداري البلد إيران [1] إحداثيات 37°30′48″N 48°01′27″E / 37.51333333°N 48.02416667°E / 37.51333333; 48.02416667 الرمز الجغرافي 416746 تعديل مصدري - تعديل دول قشلاقي هي قرية في مقاطعة ميانة، إيران. عدد سكان هذه القرية هو 71 في سنة 2006.[2] مراجع ^ صفحة دول...
Cet article est une ébauche concernant un acteur turc. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les conventions filmographiques. Haluk Bilginer Haluk Bilginer en 2022 Données clés Nom de naissance Nihat Haluk Bilginer Naissance 5 juin 1954 (69 ans)Izmir Nationalité Turque Profession Acteur Films notables Winter Sleep 2013Innocence 1997Şahsiyet (Confession) (Web-série, 2018) modifier Haluk Bilginer, né le 5 juin 1954 à Izmir en Turquie est u...
Christian saint SaintSaint Benedict of PalermoOFMStained glass of Saint Benedict the Moor, inside of the Capela do Divino Espírito Santo, Porto Alegre, Brazil.Religious and confessorBorn1526San Fratello, Messina, Sicily, Crown of AragonDied4 April 1589(1589-04-04) (aged 62–63)Palermo, Sicily, Crown of AragonVenerated inCatholic Church (Sicily and the Franciscan Order) LutheranismBeatified1734 by Pope Benedict XIVCanonized24 May 1807 by Pope Pius VIIMajor shrineConvent of Santa Ma...
Єлизавета Йоркська, герцогиня Саффолкська Народилася 22 квітня 1444РуанПомерла не раніше січень 1503 і не пізніше травень 1504Wingfieldd, Mid Suffolkd, Саффолк, АнгліяКраїна Королівство АнгліяДіяльність аристократкаТитул герцогиня[d]Рід династія ЙорківБатько Річард, 3-й гер
2000 single by Eagle-Eye Cherry Are You Still Having Fun?Single by Eagle-Eye Cherryfrom the album Living in the Present Future B-side Heaven Momma Said Knock You Out Released17 April 2000 (2000-04-17)Studio The Magic Shop Sear Sound (New York City) GenreRock[1]Label Superstudio Polydor Songwriter(s)Eagle-Eye CherryProducer(s)Rick RubinEagle-Eye Cherry singles chronology Permanent Tears (1999) Are You Still Having Fun? (2000) Long Way Around (2000) Music videoAre You Sti...
Резніков Вадим Сергійович ПідполковникЗагальна інформаціяНародження 10 листопада 1985(1985-11-10) (38 років)с. Залісці, Дунаєвецький район, Хмельницька областьAlma Mater Національна академія Державної прикордонної служби України імені Богдана ХмельницькогоВійськова службаПри...
Measure of debt level changes over time This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Debt levels and flows – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR...
يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (ديسمبر 2018) الدوري القبرصي لكرة القدم 1955–1956 تفاصيل الموسم الدوري القبرصي الدرجة الأولى النسخة 19 البلد قبرص...
Walaupun ukuran fisiknya yang kecil, bukanlah alasan bagi Singapura untuk tidak bisa membagi wilayah negaranya menjadi subdivisi nasional dalam bentuk provinsi dan wilayah politik nasional lainnya yang biasa ditemukan di beberapa negara besar lainnya, meskipun dalam sepanjang sejarah sebuah negara kota dibagi dengan tujuan untuk mengatur pemerintahan di tingkat daerah dan perencanaan tata kota. Berdasarkan sejarahnya, pembagian subdivisi ini berdasarkan pada wilayah per kabupaten, terutama pa...
Transparent enclosure over an aircraft cockpit This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Aircraft canopy – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The bubble canopy of a Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor Canopy of an F-22 Raptor An aircraft...
American information specialist, author This article is an orphan, as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; try the Find link tool for suggestions. (November 2021) Joe CasertaJoe Caserta at MIT CDOIQ Data Symposium, July 18, 2018BornNew York, NY, USANationalityAmericanEducationColumbia UniversityEmployerCasertaTitleFounder and President Joe Caserta is an American information specialist[1] and author.[2] He is best known as the...
يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (ديسمبر 2018) أرقام الهواتف الثابتة للمحافظات المدينة رقم الهاتف مفتاح المحافظة دمشق XXX-XXXX 011 القنيطرة XXX-XXXX 014 درعا XXX-XXX...
Italian entrepreneur (born 1958) This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. You can assist by editing it. (October 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Marina SalamonBorn (1958-09-03) 3 September 1958 (age 65)TradateNationalityItalianAlma materCa' Foscari University of VeniceOccupationbusinesswoman Marina Salamon (born 3 September 1958) is an Italian entrepreneur. Biography At only seventeen years, Salamon became the ...
Basilika. Dalam Bahasa Latin, basilika (berasal dari Bahasa Yunani, Basiliké Stoà, yang artinya Stoa Kerajaan), pada mulanya digunakan untuk menggambarkan sebuah bangunan publik Romawi (seperti juga di Yunani, umumnya sebuah tempat pertemuan), biasanya terletak di pusat sebuah kota Romawi (forum). Di kota-kota Yunani kuno, basilika umum mulai muncul pada abad ke-2 sebelum masehi. Setelah Kekaisaran Romawi resmi menjadi negara Kristiani, kata tersebut berkembang untuk merujuk pada sebuah ger...
Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Maret 2016. Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 1 SemarapuraEkasmaInformasiDidirikan1963 (Resmi menjadi sekolah negeri 1 Agustus 1964)JenisSekolah Menengah Atas NegeriMaskotBurung HantuKepala SekolahI Putu Sudibawa,S.Pd., M.PdJumlah kelasX, XI, XIIJurusan atau pe...
Subscription-based book buying club Book of the Month, LLCFounded1926; 97 years ago (1926) in New York City, New York, U.S.FounderHarry SchermanHeadquartersNew York City, U.S.Key people John Lippman (CEO)[1] Blake Orlandi (COO)[1] Cris Vergara (CTO) ParentPride Tree HoldingsWebsitewww.bookofthemonth.com Book of the Month (founded 1926[2]) is a United States subscription-based e-commerce service that offers a selection of five to seven new hardcover bo...
American jam band Not to be confused with Geese (band). This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (October 2023) GooseGoose at The Capitol Theatre in Port Chester, New York on March 10, 2023.Background informationOriginWilton, Connecticut, U.S.Genres Rock progressive rock funk psychedelic rock jam band Years active2014–presentMembers Ben At...
