Kopua railway station

Kopua railway station
Kopua in 1966
General information
Coordinates40°05′02″S 176°17′08″E / 40.084023°S 176.285628°E / -40.084023; 176.285628
Elevation297 m (974 ft)
Owned byKiwiRail
Line(s)Palmerston North–Gisborne Line
DistancePalmerston North 80.44 km (49.98 mi)
History
Opened25 January 1878
Closed8 May 1977
Services
Preceding station   Historical railways   Following station
Ormondville
Line open,
station closed
4.63 km (2.88 mi) 		  Palmerston North–Gisborne Line
KiwiRail 		  Takapau
Line open,
station closed
9.36 km (5.82 mi)

Kopua in New Zealand is now a sparsely populated area, immediately south of the border of the Manawatū-Whanganui and Hawke's Bay regions, with 150 people (2018 census) scattered over a 40 km2 (15 sq mi) meshblock.[1] For two years it briefly flourished as a village, centred on a railway station on the Palmerston North–Gisborne line, opened on 25 January 1878,[2] when it became the southern terminus of the line from Napier and Spit. Building to the south was delayed by the need to erect 3 large viaducts over the Manawatū River and its tributaries,[3] so the extension to Makotuku didn't open until 9 August 1880.[4] Kopua then declined until the station closed on 8 May 1977.[2] Only a single line now passes through the station site and there are remnants of cattle yards.[5]

History

The area was part of the Ngāti Raukawa rohe.[6] In 1877 land was acquired for a railway ballast pit at Kopua.[4] In 1879 Kopua was a clearing of about 1 mi (1.6 km) by ¼ mile[7] in the Seventy Mile bush.[8] Sawmills were set up as soon as the line opened.[9] Wilding & Bull had a mill at Kopua from 1881[10] to 1884. In 1898 there were skids for loading logs.[4] As the bush was cut out, the mills gradually moved south. Nelson Bros. moved theirs in 1895.[11] From 1898 Gammon & Co had a tramway to the station yard.[4] Their mill left Kopua in 1899.[12] The photo below shows that some bush remained in 1910, but the photo above shows it was gone by 1966.

The 5 mi 60 ch (9.3 km) extension from Takapau opened on 25 January 1878,[13] on track laid by W J Millar.[14] Opening was marked by a public holiday in Napier, when 1,000 passengers[15] filled a 22-coach train to Kopua,[16] which took about 4 hours[17] for the 62 mi 22 ch (100.2 km).[4] In 1877 a 2nd class stationmaster's house was built by Donald McLeod, a Waipukurau carpenter. Next year a cottage was moved from Waipukurau to Kopua, a telegraph office opened, Angus McKay built the station buildings and, in 1879, a temporary engine shed was added.[4] There were soon about 180 living at Kopua.[18] From 1878[19] to 1884 the engineer's office was at Kopua.[20] From 1880 Kopua had 2 trains a day.[21] It was shown in 1891 as a flag station, still with 2 trains a day.[22] It didn't appear in 1897 adverts.[23]

About 100 navvies were working on the extension south in 1878.[24] Work was delayed by subsidence between Kopua and the Manawatu River, where a deviation was put in to cross solid ground.[25] It had been planned to complete the line to Makotuku by 29 July 1879. It was let out in small contracts to settlers from Norsewood, Dannevirke, Ormondville, and Makaretu.[26] There was no formal opening of the extension south to Makotuku, which was delayed by a couple of days, due to a slip.[27]

The railway sought tenders for a Kopua hotel,[28][29] which was built in 1878.[30] Trains paused for a 20 minute refreshment break[31] from May 1881[32] to 21 January 1884, when Kopua became a flag station,[33] though the goods shed was moved to Makotuku in 1880,[4] the Beaconsfield Hotel also to Makotuku in 1881, the magistrates court to Ormondville and Kopua was described as a deserted village in 1881[34] and even more so in 1887.[35] In 1885 the Resident Engineer's house was moved to Spit for a stationmaster and two platelayers' cottages were moved away.[4]

There was a post office at the station from 1878 to 1883 and from 1926 to 1967. By 1896 there was a shelter shed, platform, urinals and a passing loop for 16 wagons. In 1898 the loop was for 20 wagons and further lengthened in 1911 to 50 and 1940 to 80 wagons. Two loops remained in 1980.[4] Cattle yards were added in 1900 and railway houses in 1905 and 1941.[4]

Kopua viaduct

Kopua viaduct about 1910

Kopua Viaduct (bridge 158)[36] is 129 m (423 ft) long and 29 m (95 ft) above the Manawatū,[37] with 4 spans of 60 ft (18 m), 3 of 30 ft (9.1 m), 2 of 33 ft (10 m) and 2 of 13 ft (4.0 m). It dates from 1897.[38] The original timber (probably totara)[39] truss viaduct was built between 1877 and 1879[7] by A Mackay for £1,139,[40] though another report said the contractors were Proudfoot and Angus Mackay[41] (who built the bridge at Clive[42] and who, in 1892,[43] was the first Mayor of Dannevirke)[44] for 3 bridges costing £15,195 1s 8d,[45] or £16,758.[46] It was 91 ft (28 m) high and 433 ft (132 m) long, in spans of 60 ft (18 m), 12 x 30 ft (9.1 m) and 13 ft (4.0 m). Water tanks were added as a fire precaution in 1881.[10] The old viaduct was demolished in 1898;[47] traces of the old route can be discerned upstream from the present structure.[36]

In 1895 a wrought iron replacement of the viaduct was put out to tender.[48] It was won by J & A Anderson & Co of Christchurch in 1896 for £4,728,[49] though in 1899 the cost was put at £6,684, presumably including the approach banks.[38] In the same era Andersons also rebuilt Makotuku (1898), Matamau (1899), Mangatera (1900), Ormondville (1904) and Makatote (1908) viaducts.[50] Floods and earthquakes created problems with the approach banks, closing the line for about 4 days in 1896.[51][52] An earthquake was noted as early as 1878.[53] The approach to the viaduct slumped about a foot in the 1904 earthquake[54] and the viaduct was damaged in the 1931 quakes[55][56] On 12 September one of the piers subsided[57] and on 18 September 1932 some 200 ft (61 m) of the northern approach sank about 20 ft (6.1 m), was closed for repairs for 5 days[58] and then a washout occurred about a month later,[59] after a new approach had been built.[60] The bank approaching the viaduct also subsided slightly in a 1934 quake.[61] During another earthquake in 1938, a train was crossing, but the viaduct was undamaged.[62] Pier 5 was underpinned in 1983.[63]

22 March 1887 timetable showing Kopua and Papatu as flag stations

Whenuahou railway station

Whenuahou flag station was 1 mi 19 ch (2.0 km) north of Kopua and 4 mi 42 ch (7.3 km) south of Takapau.[4] There was a siding at Whenuahou by 1890.[64] In 1887 a train had to be split in two, as the gradient between Takapau and Ormondville was too much for the engine to take the whole train.[65] The station may have been used to provide for such splitting of trains.[66] By 1905 it had a passing loop for 22 wagons and by 1911 a shelter shed and platform had been added. On 8 November 1908 Otawhao was renamed Whenuahou. In 1917 the mail train was noted as not stopping at Kopua, or Whenuahou.[67] From 4 March 1947 the loop was no longer in regular use. On 23 January 1957 Whenuahou closed to all traffic and by 29 October 1957 the siding and main line points had been removed.[4] There is now only a single track through the station site.[68]

Papatu railway station

Papatu flag station was 1 mi 69 ch (3.0 km) south of Kopua and 1 mi 43 ch (2.5 km) north of Ormondville (the line was longer before the viaduct was rebuilt).[4] A private siding was granted in 1878 to H R Russell's Kopua Saw-mills, 1 mi 76 ch (3.1 km) south of Kopua. It was used by Wilding & Bull until 1884, when it was taken up.[4] The mill had been damaged by fire in 1880,[69] their bush was burnt in 1881[70] and their mill in 1893.[71] A meeting in 1880 asked for a public siding.[72] Ormondville steam saw mills had a siding at Papatu where they cut totara, rimu, mataī and kahiktea from 1881.[73] A tramway to Firth's sawmill was approved in 1881 and extension of Papatu siding in 1883. On 20 June 1884 Papatu became a flag station. There was a protest when it was shut[74] on 14 May 1890 and it was proposed to remove the shelter shed and platform. In 1894 an application for trains to stop at Papatu station for passengers, which was followed by a deputation in 1895. By 1896 there was a passing loop for 21 wagons. However, in 1897 it was noted there was no accommodation and in 1898 the points were lifted. Later that year Gammon & Co considered loading timber there, but found the road connection too difficult, so instead asked for a tramway to Kopua. A decade later, in 1908, road access to the siding was improved,[75] but in 1913 it was closed and removed.[4] There is now just a single track through the station site at the 75 km post.[76]

Climate

Climate data for Kopua (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 22.6
(72.7) 		22.5
(72.5) 		20.6
(69.1) 		17.6
(63.7) 		15.0
(59.0) 		12.4
(54.3) 		11.6
(52.9) 		12.5
(54.5) 		14.5
(58.1) 		16.6
(61.9) 		18.1
(64.6) 		20.7
(69.3) 		17.1
(62.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) 17.2
(63.0) 		17.3
(63.1) 		15.2
(59.4) 		12.9
(55.2) 		10.6
(51.1) 		8.3
(46.9) 		7.7
(45.9) 		8.4
(47.1) 		10.1
(50.2) 		11.9
(53.4) 		13.3
(55.9) 		15.7
(60.3) 		12.4
(54.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 11.8
(53.2) 		12.1
(53.8) 		10.3
(50.5) 		8.1
(46.6) 		6.3
(43.3) 		4.3
(39.7) 		3.8
(38.8) 		4.2
(39.6) 		5.6
(42.1) 		7.3
(45.1) 		8.5
(47.3) 		10.8
(51.4) 		7.8
(46.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 74.7
(2.94) 		76.3
(3.00) 		74.4
(2.93) 		73.2
(2.88) 		81.1
(3.19) 		97.8
(3.85) 		116.2
(4.57) 		87.0
(3.43) 		85.5
(3.37) 		90.1
(3.55) 		72.1
(2.84) 		76.1
(3.00) 		1,004.5
(39.55)
Source: NIWA (rainfall 1981–2010)[77]

See also

Southern Star Abbey to the west of the railway

References

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Italian-born American professional wrestler (1935–2018) Bruno SammartinoSammartino as WWWF World Heavyweight ChampionBirth nameBruno Leopoldo Francesco Sammartino[1]Born(1935-10-06)6 October 1935Pizzoferrato, Abruzzo, Kingdom of Italy(now Italy)Died18 April 2018(2018-04-18) (aged 82)Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.Spouse(s) Carol Sammartino ​ ​(m. 1959)​Children3; including David SammartinoProfessional wrestling careerRing name(s)Bruno Sammartin...

History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia

Historic Indosphere cultural influence zone of Greater India for transmission of elements of Indian elements such as the honorific titles, naming of people, naming of places, linguistic borrowings, mottos of organisations and educational institutes as well as adoption of Hinduism, Buddhism, Indian architecture, martial arts, Indian music and dance, traditional Indian clothing, and Indian cuisine, a process which has been also aided by the ongoing historic expansion of Indian diaspora.[1&#...

 

List of first women lawyers and judges in North Carolina

This is a list of the first women lawyer(s) and judge(s) in North Carolina. It includes the year in which the women were admitted to practice law (in parentheses). Also included are women who achieved other distinctions such as becoming the first in their state to graduate from law school or become a political figure. Firsts in North Carolina's history Susie Sharp: First female judge in North Carolina history Lillian Exum Clement: First female attorney to practice law in North Carolina withou...

 

Juno (film)

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Ciencia ficción blanda

Úrsula K. LeGuin, una de las promotoras de la ola de ciencia ficción blanda. La ciencia ficción blanda se define como oposición a la ciencia ficción dura. Durante la edad de oro, la ciencia ficción tuvo un carácter claramente divulgativo, al menos entre los escritores serios como Isaac Asimov, Robert A. Heinlein y Arthur C. Clarke. Entre estos autores surgió una rama del género en el que la ciencia y la tecnología eran tratados con absoluto rigor: esto es lo que se llamó ciencia fi...

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Street in Buenos Aires, Argentina Night shot of Figueroa Alcorta Avenue with the UBA Faculty of Law to the right The avenue on its route towards the Barrio Parque area. Avenida Figueroa Alcorta is a major thoroughfare in Buenos Aires, Argentina, with a length of over 7 km (4.3 mi) along the city's northside. History The rapid northward growth of the city of Buenos Aires during the late nineteenth century was facilitated by plans for a number of boulevards in the area by Mayor Torcua...

 

Arduinna

Celtic hunting goddess Arduina redirects here. For the asteroid, see 394 Arduina. For the plant genus, see Carissa. For the other plant genus, see Kundmannia. Bronze statuette of the Celtic goddess Arduinna riding a wild boar. In Gallo-Roman religion, Arduinna (also Arduina, Arduinnae or Arduinne) was the eponymous tutelary goddess of the Ardennes Forest and region, thought to be represented as a huntress riding a boar (primarily in the present-day regions of Belgium and Luxembourg). Her cult...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!