100 m, 200 m, 80 m hurdles, high jump, long jump, shot put, discus throw, javelin throw
Club
Dresdner SC
Achievements and titles
Personal best(s)
100 m – 11.8 (1935) 200 m – 24.4 (1938) 80 mH – 12.2 (1936) HJ – 1.51 m (1933) LJ – 5.85 m (1937) SP – 11.99 m (1933) DT – 41.65 m (1935) JT – 37.91 m (1931)[1][2]
Katharina "Käthe" Anna Krauß (sometimes spelled Krauss; 29 November 1906 – 9 January 1970) was a German track and field athlete, who won three gold medals at the 1934 Women's World Games in London and a bronze medal in the 100 metres at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, where she was also on the German 4 × 100 m relay team. She won several German championships in various events and 2 silver medals and a gold medal in the 4 × 100 m relay at the 1938 European Athletics Championships in Vienna.
Athletics career
Born in Dresden, Krauß was a member of Dresdner SC, where she was discovered and trained by the influential coach Woldemar Gerschler.[3] She won the national women's title in the 100 metres from 1934 through 1938,[4][5][6] in the 200 metres in 1932, 1934, and 1938 (in 1931 and 1933 she took second),[7][8] and in the long jump[9] and the pentathlon in 1937,[10] and was on the national champion Dresdner SC 4 × 100 metre relay teams in 1932 and 1936.[11][12]
At the 1934 Women's World Games in London, she won gold medals in the 100 metres (11.9 s), the 200 metres (24.9 s), and the 4 × 100 metre relay (48.6 s), and the bronze medal in discus (39.875 m).[13]
At the women's 1938 European Athletics Championships in Vienna, she won silver medals in the 100 metres (12.0 s) and 200 metres (24.4 s)[14] and a gold medal as part of the German 4 × 100 metre relay team (46.8 s).[15][16]
At the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin, at that time holding the German women's record for the 100 metres,[17] Krauß won the bronze medal in that event with a time of 11.9 s.[18][19] She was one of three Olympic medalists that year from Dresdner SC, the others being Rudolf Harbig and Luise Krüger.[20] She was also on the German women's 4 × 100 m relay team that was in the lead but lost due to a dropped baton on the final leg;[21][22][23] in the heats the German team had been faster than the Americans, the eventual winners, and beaten the world record with a time of 46.4 s;[24][25] the American winning time in the final was half a second slower.[26][27][28] As national 100-metre champion, Krauß was the fastest runner on the German team,[29] but had run dead heats with Marie Dollinger.[30]
Postwar
After World War II, Krauß moved to Landau, where she coached[31] and was active in senior athletics; there she was also known as a pianist and the owner of a sporting goods shop. In 1952 she published a book on sprint running titled Der Kurzstreckenlauf.[1][32] The local athletics club awards a prize named for her.[33] She died in Mannheim on 9 January 1970.
^Gudrun Angelis and Marianne Pitzen, eds., Frauen bei Olympia: Kunst – Sport – Wissenschaft; Olympische und Paralympische Spiele 1896–2008; eine Ausstellung im Frauenmuseum vom 17. August bis 9. November 2008, Bonn: Frauenmuseum, 2008, ISBN9783940482129, p. 112(in German)
^Guy Walters, Berlin Games: How Hitler Stole the Olympic Dream, London: Hodder-John Murray, ISBN978-0-7195-6783-4, p. 211.
^Fritz Steinmetz and Dieter Huhn, Erfolge der deutschen Leichtathletik seit 1896: Weltmeisterschaften, Europameisterschaften, Olympische Spiele, Agon Sportverlag-Statistics 8, Kassel: Agon, 1994, ISBN9783928562386, p. 117(in German)
^Bud Greenspan, 100 Greatest Moments in Olympic History, Los Angeles: General Publication Group, 1995, ISBN9781881649663, p. 33.
^Reinhard Rürup, ed., 1936, die Olympischen Spiele und der Nationalsozialismus: eine Dokumentation, Berlin: Argon, 1996, ISBN9783870243500, p. 144(in German)
^Birgit Jochens and Sonja Miltenberger, eds., Zwischen Rebellion und Reform: Frauen in Berliner Westen, Berlin: Jaron, 1999, p. 220(in German)
^Report: Games of the Olympiad, New York: United States Olympic Committee, 1936, OCLC17760969, p. 159.
^Duff Hart-Davis, Hitler's Games: The 1936 Olympics, New York: Harper, 1986, ISBN9780060155544, p. 200.
^Louise Mead Tricard, American Women's Track and Field: A History, 1895 through 1980, Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 1996, ISBN9780786402199, p. 227.
^Walters states in error, p. 269, that the American time in the final, 46.9 s, was faster.
^Walters, p. 211, comments on Marie Dollinger telling Elfriede Kaun in 1968, "You know, I was the only woman in that race!": "[I]t is easy to see in photographs why Dollinger should have suspected Krauss of being a man."; photo caption between pages 272 and 273: "The gender of all three women would be subject to many doubts."
^Michael Krüger, ed., Olympische Spiele: Bilanz und Perspektiven im 21. Jahrhundert, Sport 1, Münster: Lit, 2001, ISBN9783825856151, note 97, p. 132(in German)
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